考研考博-英語-吉林交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theteachertoldthestudentstostayintheclassroomandtheydid（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutely

B.accidentally

C.accordingly

D.accurately

【答案】C

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。absolutely“絕對(duì)地”；accidentally“意外地”；accordingly“相應(yīng)地；照著”；accurately“精確地”。句意：老師告訴學(xué)生待在教室里，他們照著做了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章關(guān)于泰晤士河給哪些人帶來利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，對(duì)于劃手來說，這是一條“運(yùn)動(dòng)之河”，但對(duì)于商業(yè)人士來說，這是一條工作之河。畫家和作家認(rèn)為泰晤士河是靈感的源泉)。因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,泰晤士沒有帶來利益的是D項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”。

2.判斷推理題。第一段將泰晤士河,尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河做了比較:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(對(duì)比尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一條小河流)。由此推斷泰晤士河短一些。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知為了防止洪水的爆發(fā)，1972年建立了世界上最大的移動(dòng)式防洪屏障。答案為B。

4.主旨大意題。文章第二段講了泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落，文中最后一段講了現(xiàn)在倫敦建立了高樓大廈以及倫敦的變化，可見泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落。C項(xiàng)“泰晤士河見證了倫敦的起伏”比較能概括全文

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為:A:泰晤士河曾經(jīng)是繁榮的,錯(cuò)誤,第二段說泰晤士河以前旁邊只有沼澤河岸。

3.問答題

Asimpleideaunderpinsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbesubjecttochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimplebutpowerfulideahasgeneratedavastbodyofknowledge.Sinceitsbirthinthe17thcentury,modernsciencehaschangedtheworldbeyondrecognition,andoverwhelminglyforthebetter.

Butsuccesscanbreedcomplacency.Modernscientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying—tothedetrimentofthewholeofscience,andofhumanity.

Toomanyofthefindingsthatfilltheacademicetheraretheresultofshoddyexperimentsorpooranalysis(seearticle).Aruleofthumbamongbiotechnologyventure-capitalistsisthathalfofpublishedresearchcannotbereplicated.Eventhatmaybeoptimistic.Lastyearresearchersatonebiotechfirm,Amgen,foundtheycouldreproducejustsixof53"landmark"studiesincancerresearch.Earlier,agroupatBayer,adrugcompany,managedtorepeatjustaquarterof67similarlyimportantpapers.A

leadingcomputerscientistfretsthatthree-quartersofpapersinhissubfieldarebunk.In2000―2010roughly80,000patientstookpartinclinicaltrialsbasedonresearchthatwaslaterretractedbecauseofmistakesorimproprieties.

Evenwhenflawedresearchdoesnotputpeople'slivesatrisk—andmuchofitistoofarfromthemarkettodoso—itsquandersmoneyandtheeffortsofsomeoftheworld'sbestminds.Theopportunitycostsofstymiedprogressarehardtoquantify,buttheyarelikelytobevast.Andtheycouldberising.

Onereasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Inthe1950s,whenmodernacademicresearchtookshapeafteritssuccessesintheSecondWorldWar,itwasstillararefiedpastime.Theentireclubofscientistsnumberedafewhundredthousand.Astheirrankshaveswelled,to6m—7mactiveresearchersonthelatestreckoning,scientistshavelosttheirtasteforself-policingandqualitycontrol.Theobligationto"publishorperish"hascometoruleoveracademiclife.Competitionforjobsiscutthroat.FullprofessorsinAmericaearnedonaverage$135,000in2012—morethanjudgesdid.EveryyearsixfreshlymintedPhDsvieforeveryacademicpost.Nowadaysverification(thereplicationofotherpeople'sresults)doeslittletoadvancearesearcher'scareer.Andwithoutverification,dubiousfindingsliveontomislead.

Careerismalsoencouragesexaggerationandthecherry-pickingofresults.Inordertosafeguardtheirexclusivity,theleadingjournalsimposehighrejectionrates:inexcessof90%ofsubmittedmanuscripts.Themoststrikingfindingshavethegreatestchanceofmakingitontothepage.Littlewonderthatoneinthreeresearchersknowsofacolleaguewhohaspeppedupapaperby,say,excludinginconvenientdatafromresults"basedonagutfeeling".Andasmoreresearchteamsaroundtheworldworkonaproblem,theoddsshortenthatatleastonewillfallpreytoanhonestconfusionbetweenthesweetsignalofagenuinediscoveryandafreakofthestatisticalnoise.Suchspuriouscorrelationsareoftenrecordedinjournalseagerforstartlingpapers.Iftheytouchondrinkingwine,goingsenileorlettingchildrenplayvideogames,theymaywellcommandthefrontpagesofnewspapers,too.

Conversely,failurestoproveahypothesisarerarelyevenofferedforpublication,letaloneaccepted."Negativeresults"nowaccountforonly14%ofpublishedpapers,downfrom30%in1990.Yetknowingwhatisfalseisasimportanttoscienceasknowingwhatistrue.Thefailuretoreportfailuresmeansthatresearcherswastemoneyandeffortexploringblindalleysalreadyinvestigatedbyotherscientists.

Thehallowedprocessofpeerreviewisnotallitiscrackeduptobe,either.Whenaprominentmedicaljournalranresearchpastotherexpertsinthefield,itfoundthatmostofthereviewersfailedtospotmistakesithaddeliberatelyinsertedintopapers,evenafterbeingtoldtheywerebeingtested.

Allthismakesashakyfoundationforanenterprisededicatedtodiscoveringthetruthabouttheworld.Whatmightbedonetoshoreitup?Onepriorityshouldbeforalldisciplinestofollowtheexampleofthosethathavedonemosttotightenstandards.Astartwouldbegettingtogripswithstatistics,especiallyinthegrowingnumberoffieldsthatsiftthroughuntoldoodlesofdatalookingforpatterns.Geneticistshavedonethis,andturnedanearlytorrentofspeciousresultsfromgenomesequencingintoatrickleoftrulysignificantones.

Ideally,researchprotocolsshouldberegisteredinadvanceandmonitoredinvirtualnotebooks.Thiswouldcurbthetemptationtofiddlewiththeexperiment'sdesignmidstreamsoastomaketheresultslookmoresubstantialthantheyare.(Itisalreadymeanttohappeninclinicaltrialsofdrugs,butcomplianceispatchy.)Wherepossible,trialdataalsoshouldbeopenforotherresearcherstoinspectandtest.

Themostenlightenedjournalsarealreadybecominglessaversetohumdrumpapers.Somegovernmentfundingagencies,includingAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth,whichdishout$30billiononresearcheachyear,areworkingouthowbesttoencouragereplication.Andgrowingnumbersofscientists,especiallyyoungones,understandstatistics.Butthesetrendsneedtogomuchfurther.Journalsshouldallocatespacefor"uninteresting"work,andgrant-giversshouldsetasidemoneytopayforit.Peerreviewshouldbetightened—orperhapsdispensedwithaltogether,infavourofpost-publicationevaluationintheformofappendedcomments.Thatsystemhasworkedwellinrecentyearsinphysicsandmathematics.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Sciencestillcommandsenormous—ifsometimesbemused—respect.Butitsprivilegedstatusisfoundedonthecapacitytoberightmostofthetimeandtocorrectitsmistakeswhenitgetsthingswrong.Anditisnotasiftheuniverseisshortofgenuinemysteriestokeepgenerationsofscientistshardatwork.Thefalsetrailslaiddownbyshoddyresearchareanunforgivablebarriertounderstanding.

【答案】Inthispassage,theauthorpointsoutaseriousproblemexistinginmodernscience,thatis,scientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying,whichhasdeterioratedthewholescienceandhumanity.

Inthelatterpassage,theauthoranalyzedthereasonswiththedetailedexamplesasproofs.Thefirstreasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Thegreatlyincreasingpopulationofthescientistsimposedfiercecompetitionandforcedthemtopublishtheirarticlesregardlessoftheacademicquality.What'smore,highrejectionratesoftheleadingjournalsencouragenegativelyresearcherstoexcludeinconvenientdatafromresultsbasedonlyonsensationstooptimizetheirresearchandwintheopportunitytobepublished.

Lateron,theauthorofferssomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem.Onepriorityistomakedisciplinestightenstandards.Journalsshouldsparespacefor"uninteresting"workandacceptthosepapersconcernedwiththe"negativeresults".Governmentfundingagenciesshouldsetasidemoneytosupportandencouragereplication.Peerreviewshouldbetightened.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Atlast,theauthorrestatesandemphasizestheimportanceforsciencetoberightanditscapacitytobecorrected.Thefalseresearchescanonlyhindertheprocessofunderstanding.

4.單選題

Theworld'soceanshavewarmed50percentfasteroverthelast40yearsthanpreviouslythoughtduetoclimatechange,AustralianandUSclimateresearchersreportedWednesday.Higheroceantemperaturesexpandthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.

Thestudy,publishedintheBritishjournalNature,addstoagrowingscientificchorusofwarningsaboutthepaceandconsequencesofrisingoceans.ItalsoservesasacorrectivetoamassivereportissuedlastyearbytheNobel,winningUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),accordingtotheauthors.

Risingsealevelsaredrivenbytwothings:thethermalexpansionofseawater,andadditionalwaterfrommeltingsourcesofice.Bothprocessesarecausedbyglobalwarming.TheicesheetthatsitsatthetopofGreenland,forexample,containsenoughwatertoraiseworldoceanlevelsbysevenmetres(23feet),whichwouldburysea-levelcitiesfromDhakatoShanghai.

Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.Butuptonow,therehasbeenaperplexinggapbetweentheprojectionsofcomputer-basedclimatemodels,andtheobservationsofscientistsgatheringdatafromtheoceans.

Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.

1.36.Whathappenswhentheocean'stemperaturerises?

2.37.Theriseinwaterlevelsisespeciallydangerousforsmallislandnationsand（）.

3.38.Thenewstudy（）.

4.39.Ultimately,thenewstudyshouldhelpscientiststo（）.

5.40.Whatwasthemainfindingofthestudy?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcausessealevelstorise.

B.Itcausessealevelstoremainconstant.

C.Itcausessealevelstodecrease.

D.Itcausessealevelstochange.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.low-lyingurbanareas

B.allcoastalcities

C.peoplewholiveonthebeach

D.peoplewholivearoundtheglobe

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.32millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevels

B.didnotrevealanythingthatscientistsdidn'talreadyknow

C.usednewtechniquestoassessoceantemperatures

D.showshowquicklythesealevelsfall

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lowerwaterlevels

B.findoutwhatiswrongwiththeearth

C.burysea-levelcitieslikeDhakaandShanghai

D.betterpredictclimatechange

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Notenoughisbeingdoneaboutglobalwarming.

B.Oceanwatershavewarmedfasterthanscientistshadpreviouslythought.

C.Thewarmingoftheworld'soceansisnotathreat.

D.Theriseofsealevelshasnothingtodowithoceantemperature.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞ocean’stemperaturerises可以定位到文章第一段中“Higheroceantemperaturesexpendthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”中文翻譯為“海水溫度的升高將會(huì)導(dǎo)致海水體積的膨脹，從而導(dǎo)致海平面的上升，最終淹沒那些較小的島國并且對(duì)處在全球地勢低洼的人口密集的三角洲地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅”可以得知海水溫度升高會(huì)使海平面上升。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：海平面上升尤其會(huì)對(duì)小島國和…構(gòu)成威脅。定位到第一段中“contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”譯為：導(dǎo)致海平面上升，最終淹沒那些較小的島國并且對(duì)處在全球地勢低洼的人口密集的三角洲地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅。因此A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞newstudy可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句話“Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustraliaWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.”中文翻譯為：由于澳大利亞的天氣和氣候研究中心的CatiaDomingues主導(dǎo)的這一項(xiàng)新的研究首次將模型與觀測數(shù)據(jù)相協(xié)調(diào)?？芍狟選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第二句話“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”譯為：通過使用新技術(shù)對(duì)海平面2300英尺以下的海水溫度進(jìn)行評(píng)估，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從1961年到2003年，氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的0.32毫米。由此可以選項(xiàng)A，D錯(cuò)誤。故答案選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段中“Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.”譯為：“科學(xué)家們表示，明確這些因素導(dǎo)致海平面上升的方式，對(duì)于理解氣候變化和預(yù)測未來氣溫的升高至關(guān)重要”以及最后一段中“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”譯為：通過使用新技術(shù)對(duì)海平面2300英尺以下的海水溫度進(jìn)行評(píng)估，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從1961年到2003年，氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的0.32毫米。可知這將有助于科學(xué)家們后期更好地預(yù)測氣候變化，因此答案選D。

5.根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段中“...itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC”中文翻譯為：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的032毫米。因此選擇答案B。

5.單選題

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onview“在展出，陳列著”；B選項(xiàng)ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C選項(xiàng)onthescene“在場，出現(xiàn)，到場”；D選項(xiàng)insight“看得見，在視野內(nèi)”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格處的內(nèi)容作表語，說明主語somedistantmountain（遠(yuǎn)處的山脈），結(jié)合句意，可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，寬闊的平原開始出現(xiàn)了，而且時(shí)刻可以看得見遠(yuǎn)處的山脈。

6.翻譯題

在中國較大的城市中，自行車流——曾一度是中國城市最生動(dòng)的形象之一，已經(jīng)被擠滿汽車的街道取代了，可怕的是，駕駛者大多是新手。通過禁止或嚴(yán)格限制在這些城市使用摩托車，中國跳過了它的亞洲鄰國的發(fā)展模式，在這些國家中，摩托車通常使新富們初次嘗到了不需費(fèi)力就可四處移動(dòng)的滋味。擁有大約九百萬輛普通自行車的上海，去年因禁止自行車在市中心的主要街道上行駛，引起了媒體的一陣批評(píng)。但是近來自行車用得是越來越少了。

【答案】

InChina'sbiggercities,theriversofbicycles—onceoneofthemostvividimagesofurbanChina—havebeenreplacedwithstreetsjammedwithcars,mostofthem,terrifyingly,areinthehandsofnovicedrivers.Bybanningorseverelyrestrictingmotorcycleuseinthesecities,ChinahasleapfroggedthedevelopmentpatternofitsAsianneighbors,wherethemotorbikehasusuallyprovidedthenewlyaffluentwiththeirfirsttasteofeffortlessmobility.Shanghai,hometoabout9millionordinarybikes,arousedaflurryofmediacriticismlastyearbybanningthemfrommainroadsinthecenter.Buttheyarelessandlessusedthesedays.

7.單選題

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)酷的”；B選項(xiàng)perfunctory“敷衍的；馬虎的；得過且過的”；C選項(xiàng)symbolic“象征的；符號(hào)的；使用符號(hào)的”；D選項(xiàng)discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的”。句意：為緩解雞的污染問題，專家們建議政府把檢查重點(diǎn)從走馬觀花式的肉眼檢查改為進(jìn)行更為______的對(duì)細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染進(jìn)行隨機(jī)取樣檢查。根據(jù)shift“改變”可知，橫線處應(yīng)填一個(gè)與cursory“粗略的”意思相反的詞。且由檢查重點(diǎn)從肉眼檢查到改進(jìn)為對(duì)細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染隨機(jī)取樣檢查，可知檢查推向深入，較以前更加嚴(yán)格，A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Withitsstockpricerisingby20percent,thecompanybecomesthesecondmost()technologyfirminthecounty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.worthwhile

C.priceless

D.precious

【答案】A

【解析】valuable有價(jià)值的；worthwhile值得的；priceless無價(jià)的；precious珍貴的。句意：隨著股價(jià)上漲20%，該公司成為全縣第二大最有價(jià)值的科技公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

北京計(jì)劃未來投資7600億元治理污染，從減少PM2.5排放入手。

中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。

土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人。

大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼，但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。

她就是那個(gè)到明年年底會(huì)攢一萬美元的那個(gè)女孩。

你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)警察一直在找的小偷嗎？

自從她出生以來她就從未見過她爸爸。

你知道你們班長喜歡的女孩兒是賊的女兒嗎？

他很謙遜，認(rèn)為自己離成功還很遠(yuǎn)。

宗教和科學(xué)其實(shí)不但可以調(diào)和，而且可以共存共生。

【答案】Beijingisgoingtoinvest760billionyuaninthefuturetocontrolpollution,beginningwithcuttingdowntheemissionofPM2.5.

TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.

Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingofftheirwealthallaround.

Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.

Sheisthegirlwhowillhavemadetenthousanddollarsbytheendofnextyear.

Doyouknowthethiefwhomthepolicemanhasbeenlookingfor?

Shehasneverseenherfathersincehewasborn.

Doyouknowthegirlwhoislikedbyyourmonitoristhedaughterofathief?

9.Heishumbleandthinksheisfarfromsuccess.

10.Religionandsciencearenotonlyreconcilable,butalsosymbiotic.

10.單選題

Asamemberorthesociety,apersonshouldberesponsibleforanddedicatetothesociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.accountfor

C.chargefor

D.compensatefor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)answerfor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“對(duì)……做出解釋”；C選項(xiàng)chargefor“要價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)compensatefor“賠償”。句意：作為社會(huì)的一員，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)。劃線部分beresponsiblefor是對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。obsolete“陳舊的，過時(shí)的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激進(jìn)的”；harmonious“和諧的”；amiable“親切的；友好的”，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)形容詞來修飾“愛國主義”，這種愛國主義與國際體育中倡導(dǎo)的國家之間的友誼是相對(duì)的，故此處最恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~是aggressive。句意：國際體育應(yīng)該增進(jìn)兩國之間的友誼，但是目前的奧林匹克組織在某種程度上倡導(dǎo)……愛國主義。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

12.單選題

Rosefeels______abouttheweekendinVermont.Shewantstogo,butshealsowantstostayathome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atheistic

B.ambiguous

C.ambivalent

D.ascetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)atheistic“無神論的，無神論者的”，B項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”，C項(xiàng)ambivalent“矛盾的，好惡相克的”，D項(xiàng)ascetic“苦行的，禁欲主義的”。根據(jù)后面句子的意思“她想去，但她也想呆在家里”可知，“矛盾的”符合語境。句意：羅斯對(duì)去佛蒙特州度周末感到矛盾；她想去，但她也想呆在家里。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

ProfessorJohnsonissaid（）somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.havingmade

C.tomake

D.tohavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。Sbissaid后接動(dòng)詞不定式，表示“據(jù)說某人”。用不定式的完成式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。此句相當(dāng)于ItissaidthatProfessorJohnsonhasmadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear．句意：據(jù)說約翰遜教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大進(jìn)展。故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)modify“修改，修飾；更改”；B選項(xiàng)duplicate“復(fù)制；模仿”；C選項(xiàng)accelerate“加速；促進(jìn)；增加”；D選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激勵(lì)”。句意：最近，許多有關(guān)少年兒童模仿先前在電視上所看到的暴力行為的案件被報(bào)道。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

About5000yearsago,peopleinanareanorthoftheBlackSeainsoutheasternEuropespokealanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,whichisbelievedtobetheancestorofmostEuropeanlanguages.TheseincludethelanguagesthatbecameancientGreek,ancientGermanandtheancientLatin.

Latindisappearedasaspokenlanguage.YetitleftbehindthreegreatlanguagesthatbecamemodernSpanish,FrenchandItalian.AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish.

TheEnglishlanguageisaresultoftheinvasionsoftheislandofBritainovermanyhundredsofyears.ThefirstinvasionswerebyapeoplecalledAnglesabout1500yearsago.TheAngleswereaGermantribe（部落）whocrossedtheEnglishChannel.LatertwomoregroupscrossedtoBritain.TheyweretheSaxonsandtheJutes.ThesegroupsfoundapeoplecalledtheCelts,whohadlivedinBritainformanythousandsofyears.TheCeltsandtheinvadersfought.Afterawhile,mostoftheCeltswerekilled,ormadeslaves.SomeescapedtoliveintheareathatbecameWales.Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.

ThenextgreatinvasionofBritaincamefromthefarnorthbeginningabout1100yearsago.FiercepeoplecalledVikingsinvadedthecoastareasofBritain.TheVikingscamefromDenmark,Norwayandothernortherncountries.Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue.Insomeareas,theVikingsbecamesopowerfultheybuilttemporarybases.Thesetemporarybasessometimesbecamepermanent.Later,manyVikingsstayedinBritain.ManyEnglishwordsusedtodaycomefromtheseancientVikings.Wordslike“sky，”“l(fā)eg，”“skill,”“egg，”“crawl,”“l(fā)ift”and“take”arefromtheoldlanguagesofthefarnortherncountries.

ThenextinvasionofBritaintookplacemorethan900yearsago,in1066.HistoryexpertscallthisinvasiontheNormanConquest.

1.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowinglanguageslaterdevelopedintoEnglish?

3.OldEnglishisthemixtureofthelanguagesspokenbythefollowingtribeswhichinclude_____.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVikingswhoinvadedBritainabout1100yearsago?

5.Whatfollowsthepassageismostprobablyabout

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheearlyhistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

B.TheoriginoftheEnglishlanguage

C.ThevarietiesoftheEnglishlanguage

D.TheinvasionsofBritain

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Proto-Indo-Europeanlanguage

B.AncientGreek

C.AncientGerman

D.AncientLatin

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAngles,theSaxonsandtheCelts

B.TheSaxons,theJutesandtheCelts

C.TheAngle,theJutesandtheCelts

D.TheAngles,theSaxonandtheJutes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyweresoldiers

B.Theyweremerchants

C.Theywerepirates

D.Theyweresailors

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheBritishpeople

B.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheEnglishlanguage

C.theimportanteventsintheNormanConquest

D.thehistoricalfiguresintheNormanConquest

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了英語這門語言的起源以及發(fā)展，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段提到的AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish，可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后兩句話Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到他們奪去貿(mào)易貨物和奴隸，搶走任何有價(jià)值的東西(Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue)，由此可推測他們是海盜，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第二段和第三段分別講述了兩次侵略對(duì)于英語這門語言的影響，最后一段提到thenextinvasion，由此可推測接下來會(huì)講述這次侵略對(duì)語言的影響，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbe（

）toworkhard,withtheresultthattaxrevenuesmightactuallyshrink

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cultivated

B.licensed

C.motivated

D.innovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。cultivated“有教養(yǎng)的”；licensed“得到許可的”；motivated“有動(dòng)機(jī)的”；innovated“改革的，創(chuàng)新的”。

句意：如果商人被收太重的稅，他們將不再努力工作，結(jié)果就是稅收收入會(huì)縮水。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Hismotherscannedhisfacetoseeifhewastellingthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indicated

B.scrutinized

C.caressed

D.penetrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indicated“表明，顯示，象征，暗示”；B選項(xiàng)scrutinized“仔細(xì)查看；認(rèn)真檢查；細(xì)致審查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)苛求的態(tài)度檢查；C選項(xiàng)caressed“撫摸，愛撫”；D選項(xiàng)penetrated“看透；透過……看見，洞察；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭示”。句意：他母親審視著他的臉，想看看他是否在說真話。Scan“細(xì)看；察看；審視；端詳”。D選項(xiàng)與scan意思最接近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

AccordingtoPlato,themostimportantideaistheideaof“good”.Knowledgeof"good"istheobjectofallinquiry,agoaltowhichallotherthingsare（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approximate

B.crucial

C.subordinate

D.detached

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。approximate“近似的，大約”；crucial“決定性的”；subordinate“下級(jí)的”；detached“不受他人影響的，公正的”。句意：柏拉圖最重要的思想是“好”。對(duì)于“好”的理解是所有調(diào)查的目標(biāo)，其它所有的事情都屬于這個(gè)目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Becauseoftheexcellentpreservationofthefossil,anatomicaldetailsofearlyhorseshoecrabswere（

）forthefirsttime,enablingexpertsto（

）theevolutionofthehorseshoecrab.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrutinized...ensure

B.verified...advance

C.obscured...illustrate

D.clarified...reassess

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)scrutinized“詳細(xì)檢查”；ensure“確認(rèn)，確?！?；B選項(xiàng)verified“核證，證”;advance“提出，預(yù)付，使……前進(jìn)，將……提前”；C選項(xiàng)obscure“遮蔽，掩蓋”；illustrate“說明”;D選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清”；reassess“再評(píng)價(jià)”