考研考博-英語-合肥師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts.

Overtheyear,theyhadsuccessfully(1)everychallengetothissystembytheirowngovernmentwho,(2)hadbeenfrequentlyurgedbyforeigngovernmentstorevealinformationaboutthefinancialaffairsofcertainaccount(3).Theresultofthispolicyofsecrecywas(4)akindofmystiquehadgrownuparoundSwissbanking.Therewasawidely-heldbeliefthatSwitzerlandwas(5)towealthyforeigners,mainlybecauseofitsnumberedaccountsandbankers'reluctancetoaskawkwardquestions(6)depositors.(7)tothemystiquewastheviewthatifthissecrecywasevergivenup,foreignerswouldfalloverthemselvesintherushto(8)money,andtheSwissbankingsystemwouldvirtuallycollapseovernight.

Tomany,(9),itcamelikeaboltoutofthe(10),when,in1977,theSwissbanksannouncedtheyhadsigneda_(11)withtheSwissNationalBank(theCentralBank).Theaimoftheagreementwas(12)theimproperuseofthecountry'sbanksecrecylaws,andits(13)wastocurbseverelythesystemofsecrecy.

Theruleswhichthebankshadagreedtoobserve(14)heopeningofnumberedaccountssubjecttomuchcloser_(15)thanbefore.Thebankswouldberequired,ifnecessary,to(16)_theoriginofforeignfundsgoingintonumberedandotheraccounts.Theideawastostopsuchaccountsbeingusedfor(17)purposes.Also,theyagreednottoacceptfundsresultingfromtax(18)orfromcrime.

Thepactrepresentedessentiallyatighteningupofbankingrules.(19)thebanksagreedtoendrelationswithclientswhoseidentitieswereunclearorwhowereperformingimproperacts,theywerestillnotobligedtoinform(20

)aclienttoanyone,includingtheSwissgovernment.Tosomeextent,therefore,theprincipleofsecrecyhadbeenmaintained.

問題1選項

A.resisted

B.endured

C.withstood

D.opposed

問題2選項

A.inturn

B.inreturn

C.incase

D.inall

問題3選項

A.owners

B.possessors

C.keepers

D.holders

問題4選項

A.that

B.while

C.which

D.therefore

問題5選項

A.disrespectful

B.irresponsible

C.irresistible

D.irrational

問題6選項

A.about

B.of

C.after

D.for

問題7選項

A.Contributed

B.Havingcontributed

C.Contributing

D.Contribute

問題8選項

A.exchange

B.withdraw

C.deposit

D.cash

問題9選項

A.nevertheless

B.asamatteroffact

C.therefore

D.ofcourse

問題10選項

A.shock

B.blue

C.sudden

D.blew

問題11選項

A.pact

B.pretext

C.proviso

D.contract

問題12選項

A.prevent

B.tohaveprevented

C.preventing

D.toprevent

問題13選項

A.effect

B.influence

C.affect

D.impact

問題14選項

A.invoked

B.made

C.caused

D.induced

問題15選項

A.research

B.search

C.scrutiny

D.survey

問題16選項

A.discover

B.identify

C.learn

D.know

問題17選項

A.suspectable

B.unsure

C.dubious

D.implausible

問題18選項

A.evasion

B.neglect

C.omission

D.escape

問題19選項

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.Until

D.Even

問題20選項

A.with

B.about

C.on

D.of

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）resisted反抗；endured忍耐；withstood抵擋，經(jīng)得起；opposed反對。句意：一年來，它們成功地頂住了本國政府對這一制度提出的每一個挑戰(zhàn)。選項C符合原文。

（2）inturn輪流，依次；inreturn作為回報；incase萬一，假使；inall總共，合計。句意：反過來，這些政府又經(jīng)常被外國政府要求披露某些賬戶持有人的財務(wù)狀況的信息。選項A符合原文。

（3）accountholders指賬戶持有人。

（4）that在這里引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不做任何成分。

（5）disrespectful無禮的，失禮的；irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的，不可靠的；irresistible不可抗拒的，極為誘人的；irrational不合理的。根據(jù)下文，瑞士的賬戶數(shù)量有限，而且銀行家們不會問儲戶一些棘手的問題。所以這對外國的富人來說是不可抗拒的，選項C符合原文。

（6）askquestionof+sb.指向某人提問。about關(guān)于，for表原因，句意：銀行家們不會問儲戶一些棘手的問題。故答案為B。

（7）句意：造成這種神秘感的一個原因是……。這里用-ing形式表主動語態(tài)。

（8）根據(jù)原文：一旦放棄這種保密政策，外國人就會爭先恐后地，瑞士銀行體系也會在一夜之間崩潰。選項B取款符合句意。

（9）對許多人來說，1977年瑞士銀行宣布與瑞士中央銀行簽署的一項協(xié)議猶如晴天霹靂。根據(jù)上下文邏輯，這里應(yīng)該填選項C更符合。

（10）aboltoutoftheblue為固定搭配，指出人意料的事，晴天霹靂。

（11）pact協(xié)定，契約；pretext借口，托辭；proviso附文，限制性條款；contract合同，婚約。簽署協(xié)議更恰當(dāng)，所以選項A正確。

（12）toprevent表目的。Theaimofsth.is/wastodosth.

（13）effect影響，效果，作用；influence影響，感化；affect做名詞指情感；impact效果，影響。根據(jù)后面的to可知答案為A。influence，affect，impact后面都接on。

（14）invoked呼喚；induced引誘，說服。根據(jù)原文：銀行同意遵守的規(guī)則，使得有編號賬戶的開戶受到比以前更嚴(yán)格的審查。選項B符合原文。

（15）scrutiny指詳細(xì)審查。符合銀行的辦事規(guī)則，所以更恰當(dāng)。

（16）如有必要，銀行將被要求確定進入編號和其他賬戶的外國資金的來源。選項B正確。

（17）這個想法是為了阻止這些賬戶被用于可疑的目的。implausible難以置信的；suspectable和dubious都是可疑的意思，suspectable指值得懷疑的；dubious指半信半疑的。選項C更恰當(dāng)。

（18）taxevasion指逃稅，為固定搭配。Omission疏忽，遺漏。

（19）根據(jù)原文：這些銀行同意終止與身份不明或行為不當(dāng)?shù)目蛻舻年P(guān)系，但它們?nèi)詻]有義務(wù)將客戶的信息告知任何人，包括瑞士政府。選項B符合原文轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。

（20）informonsth.tosb.向某人告知某事。

2.單選題

TheTacoma'sexecutivedirectorandthreeportcommissionerswillbeinChinanextweekto_______advicefromworldportexpertsonimprovinginlandtransportationsystems.

問題1選項

A.discriminate

B.disperse

C.differentiate

D.glean

【答案】D

【解析】discriminate歧視,區(qū)別；disperse（使）分散,疏散；differentiate區(qū)別,區(qū)分;glean收集。句意：塔科馬港執(zhí)行董事和三名港務(wù)專員將于下周訪問中國，聽取世界港口專家關(guān)于改善內(nèi)陸運輸系統(tǒng)的建議。選項D符合句意。

3.翻譯題

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不當(dāng)，造成誤解，就謹(jǐn)小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放開手腳。結(jié)果是喪失時機，猶如逆水行舟，不進則退。（《鄧小平文選》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

4.單選題

Sometimes,themessagesareconveyedthroughdeliberate,consciousgestures;othertimes,ourbodiestalkwithoutourevenknowing.

問題1選項

A.definite

B.intentional

C.delicate

D.interactive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。deliberate“故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的”；A選項definite“一定的；確切的”；B選項intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策劃的”；C選項delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D選項interactive“交互式的；相互作用的”。句意：有時，信息是通過故意的、有意識的手勢來傳達(dá)的；其他時候，我們的身體在不知不覺中說話。根據(jù)句中“withoutourevenknowing在我們甚至不知曉的情況下”可知deliberate在這里的意思應(yīng)為“故意的”，因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

In1906muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthat（）

問題1選項

A.evaded

B.ensued

C.encountered

D.emitted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：1906，舊金山大部分地區(qū)被地震和隨后發(fā)生的火災(zāi)摧毀。因此選B。

6.單選題

Thecat’shappyexpressionboretestimonythatithadeatenthecream.

問題1選項

A.doubt

B.proof

C.experience

D.revelation

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項doubt“懷疑，質(zhì)疑”；B選項proof“證明，驗證”；C選項experience“經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷，體驗”；D選項revelation“啟示，揭示”。句意：那只貓快樂的表情證明它吃了奶油。Testimony“證據(jù)，證詞”，由此可知B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibit(阻礙)attainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesandtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferenceinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT_______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

4.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraph2,theauthorismakingthepointthat______.

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson______.

問題1選項

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

問題2選項

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

問題3選項

A.Personwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問題4選項

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofagroup

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics

問題5選項

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationships

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers

C.identifyingnewleaders

D.achievingagoal

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者（如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders）在不同的社會群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能，所以D選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社會群體中的作用”符合題意。A選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的問題”和B選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力在小群體和大群體中的區(qū)別”以及C選項“社會群體如何決定誰將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們”文章都沒有提及。因此D選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.（在家庭中，傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予父母一方或雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位）”由此可知D選項“傳統(tǒng)的文化模式”說法正確；以及“Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.（在較大的群體中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通常是通過選舉或招聘正式選出的。）”，由此可知A選項“招聘”；B選項“正式的選舉程序”文中也有提到；只有C選項“具體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)”與該題無關(guān)，因此C選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段，第二段的大意為：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者沒有一個固定的特點，只是符合了一個特定群體需要的人就有可能成為該群體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。A選項“某一特定群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，不一定就可以成為另一群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意；B選項“很少有人能成功地與他人分享領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色”和C選項“一個人通過學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的研究能更好的學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”文章第二段均未提到；D選項“許多人想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但卻很少能拿出證據(jù)來證明他們具有這樣的資格”曲解了文章意思，不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“...decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryofnaturalleaders.（數(shù)十年來的研究并不能找出可靠證據(jù)來證明哪些人可以成為天生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者）”，所以B選項“沒有證據(jù)表明天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者存在”符合題意。A選項“很少有人稱得上是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”；C選項“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者很容易被群體成員接受”；D選項“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有一組相似的特征”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.（工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一種強調(diào)社會群體完成任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式）”，由此可知工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通常關(guān)注的是實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，所以D選項“實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”符合題意。A選項“確保和諧關(guān)系”；B選項“與小組成員分享責(zé)任”；C選項“確定新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”說法都不正確。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.

問題1選項

A.notice

B.notion

C.impression

D.conscience

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。notice通知；notion概念，見解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。

句意：我完全反對認(rèn)為私有化在我們這個行業(yè)是不可避免的這種見解。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Theboyhasadmittedto（

）thewindowwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

問題1選項

A.breaking

B.havingbeenbroken

C.break

D.bebreaking

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那個男孩承認(rèn)在昨天踢足球的時候打破了窗子。

語法題?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。admitto中的to是介詞，后接動詞吋需用-ing形式,排除C，D；并且break是瞬間動詞不能用完成時態(tài)，故答案選項為A。

10.單選題

Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjustedto______the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices.

問題1選項

A.minglewith

B.pickup

C.tuckin

D.allowfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項minglewith“和……混合”，B項pickup“撿起，獲得，收拾”，C項tuckin“緊縮，塞入，盡情地吃”，D項allowfor“考慮到，慮及”。由Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjusted“貨幣工資、利率和稅收都進行了調(diào)整”和the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices“平均價格水平10%的增長”可知，“獲得”符合語境。句意：貨幣工資、利率和稅收都進行了調(diào)整，以加快平均價格水平10%的增長。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

11.單選題

Poorconditions,badhousing,unemploymentandracismtaketheir（

）onblackpeople'smentalhealth.

問題1選項

A.risk

B.harm

C.toll

D.chance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。risk意為“危險，冒險”；harm意為“損害，傷害”；toll意為“（道路、橋梁的）通行費，（戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難等造成的）毀壞”；chance意為“機會，機遇”。

句意：不好的條件、惡劣的住房、失業(yè)和種族主義對黑人的精神健康有傷害。

12.單選題

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.

2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

問題1選項

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings

問題2選項

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

問題3選項

A.remaintobefurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

問題4選項

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

問題5選項

A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrain

B.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentally

C.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealth

D.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到當(dāng)人們動腦筋的時候大腦會發(fā)生變化，使其在注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用（Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory），由此可知有善于動腦的人認(rèn)知上更健康，因此選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到了Fozard的觀點，他認(rèn)為普通人沒有必要去做大量的記憶訓(xùn)練，只要讓思維保持警覺就可以（Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness），因此選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段最后一句話提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能來挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦（Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork），因此選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句話Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知選項A符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到研究人員證實當(dāng)人們動腦筋時，會使得注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用；第三四段提到幾位研究人員對這個觀點的進一步說明，并且建議隨著年紀(jì)增長，身體和精神都應(yīng)該得到鍛煉，因此選項B“為什么人們應(yīng)該在身體和精神上都保持活躍”符合題意。

13.單選題

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；secure“保護”；have“擁有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下個月沒有做一些實質(zhì)性的工作，他將保不住他的職位。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Thechiefdrawbackoftheadeno-associatedvirusisthatitissmall,carryingonlytwogenesinitsnaturalstate.

問題1選項

A.feature

B.concern

C.defect

D.barrier

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.feature特色，特征B.concern（尤指許多人共同的）擔(dān)心，憂慮

C.defect缺點，缺陷，毛病（某事物或其制造方式上的錯誤，意味著不完美）D.barrier屏障，障礙物

【答案】C

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】drawback的意思為“缺點，不利條件（使某事物失去吸引力的缺點或問題）”，這里指的是腺病毒群的缺點，defect與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】腺病毒群的主要缺點是體積小，在自然狀態(tài)下只攜帶兩個基因。

15.填空題

Directions:Findoutoneerroroneachunderlinedpartofthepassage,andcorrectitinyourANSWERSHEET.

Therearecertainbasicrulesofphotographywhich,evenifyouareaveryinexperiencingphotographerwith(1)littlemoreknowledgethanhowtoloadyourcamera,willpreventyoutomakingtheclassicmistakesandgive(2)youquiteacceptableresults.

Beforeyousetoffonyourphotographicexpedition,andmakesureyourcameraisloadedandyouhaveaspare(3)reeloffilminyourpocket.Thereisnothingmoreinfuriatingthanrunningoutofafilmwhenareally(4)interestingsubjectpresentsitself.

Beforeyouactuallytakethepicture,checkthefocusandexposuresettingonyourcamera.Ablurredphotoisworsethannothingatallandifyouhaven’tgottheexposureright,yoursubjectwillneitherbeblackorhavevanished(5)intowhitehaze.Doremembertotakethelenscapoffbeforeyoushoot.Somanypeopleforget.

Whenyouactuallytakingyourphotograph,keep(6)thecameraabsolutelysteady.Tuckyourarmsintoyoursidestosteadyourhands.Don’tstickyour(7)elbowsout.Ifyouaretakingalongexposureandyouhaven’tgotatripod,wedgethebodyofthecameraagainstawall,apieceoffurniture,thebranchoftree,etc.(8)squeezetheshutterreleasegently;don’tpressithardbecausethatwilljerkthecameraandyouwillgetblurredresults.

Myfinalpieceofadviceappliedtoallphotographers.(9)Ifyouwanttotakeapictureofpeopleandyoucan’tdoitwithoutdisturbingthem,askingthemiftheymindfirst.(10)Lotsofpeopledon’tlikehavingtheirphotostakenforavarietyofreasons,religiousorotherwiseandyoucancauseagreatdealofhardfeelingwithoutmeaningto.

【答案】1.–ing一般用來修飾物，-ed一般用來修飾人，這里攝影師是人所以inexperience要用-ed形式。

2.固定搭配preventsbfromdoingsth，這里是固定搭配不能用介詞to代替。

3.冠詞誤用，句子前半句講到確保你的相機內(nèi)有膠卷，所以這里的備用膠卷應(yīng)該是另一卷膠卷，所以冠詞a應(yīng)該改為another。

4.將“afilm”改成“film”，a是泛指一卷膠卷，但是film是不可數(shù)名詞，所以不能用a修飾，描述數(shù)量應(yīng)該用arollof。

5.固定搭配neither…nor“既不是……也不是”或者either…or“要么……要么”，這里根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該把neither改為either。

6.when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語中沒有謂語動詞，應(yīng)該在taking前面加個be動詞are。

7.ourhands前后的物主代詞都是第二人稱，所以這里的第一人稱our應(yīng)該改為第二人稱your。

8.該句中存在并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面兩個冠詞都是不定冠詞a，最后一個應(yīng)該和前面保持一致用a（a是泛指文中第一次出現(xiàn)的詞，the是特指前文中出現(xiàn)過的事物，這里根據(jù)語法也應(yīng)該把the改為a）。

9.全文都是用一般現(xiàn)在時，但是這里的謂語動詞卻用的是一般過去時，所以這里的applied應(yīng)該改為applies。

10.If引導(dǎo)條件句，and后面也是由if引導(dǎo)的條件句，所以ask不能用非謂語形式否則會造成句子沒有主句，ask得用原形構(gòu)成祈使語句。如果你想拍人并且不能在不打擾他的情況下做到的話，那么你得先去問問他是否介意。

16.單選題

InEngland,alongastretchofthenorth-eastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtothemouthoftheriverTees,therewasaspot,typicalofmanyonthatcoast,wheresea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly.Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliantlikeparticlesofcrushedjet;itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,dirtylumpsputontothefire.Althoughitwascoal,itwasperfectlycleananditwassilentlydepositedathightideinaglitteringcarpetakilometerlongforthecoalcommunitytogatherup.

Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.Sackswereessentialtoputthecoalin,andstringtotietheneckofeachsackwhenitwasfull.Awoodenrakewasusedtoscrapethecoalfromthebeach,anditwasgenerallymadefromanoldbroomhandlewithaflatpieceofwoodnailedonataslightrecliningangleattheend.Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.Aflat,broadshovel,tolifttherakedcoalintothebags,completedtheportablehardware.

Butthemostcrucialitemofequipmentwasabicycle,aspecialkindofrustystripped-downmodelwhichwasthesymbolofthesea-coalingcraft.Alady'sbikewasnogoodbecauseitlackedacrossbarandthatwasanessentialelementintransportingsea-coal.Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.Thebeautyofthiswasthatitnotonlyenabledonetomovethesea-coalfromplacetoplace,butthepressureofthemetalbarsagainstthefull,wetsacksforcedexcesswateroutofthecoalwhileitwasbeingwheeledhome.Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwaterthathadbeenforcedfromeachendofatrailofcoalsacks.

1.Theattractionofcollectingsea-coalwasthatit

（

）.

2.Thereasoncertainequipmentwasusedwasbecause（

）.

3.Toremovethecoalfromthebeach,thechildrenhadto

（

）.

4.Tocarrythreesacksofcoalonabicycleitwasnecessaryto

（

）.

5.Youcouldseewherethecoalhadbeentransportedfromthebeachbythe（

）.

問題1選項

A.burntbetteronthefire

B.wasfreelyavailable

C.wascleanandfine-grained

D.madenonoisewhileburning

問題2選項

A.thepeoplewereverytraditional

B.fewcommunitiespossessedit

C.itwasshowntobepractical

D.thecommunitieshadcurioushabits

問題3選項

A.bendovertousetherakes

B.usepiecesofboardatrecliningangles

C.crouchdownwithfiatshovels

D.sittousebroadpiecesofwood

問題4選項

A.lodgeoneofthemonthesaddle

B.balancethemonthecrossbar

C.balancetwoonthecrossbar

D.puttwothroughtheframework

問題5選項

A.wetmarksontheroad

B.tracksinthesand

C.wheelmarksonthepath

D.twintrailsofwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...sea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly”可知選項B符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.”可知選項B明顯錯誤；人們用這些設(shè)備的原因并不是因為他們很傳統(tǒng)或者有奇怪的習(xí)慣，而是因為這些設(shè)備很實用。所以選項C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分“...Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.”除了耙子，唯一的選擇就是手里拿著一塊平板，孩子們和其他需要額外服務(wù)的工人可以蹲下來使用。所以選項D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.”一個裝滿東西的袋子可以掛在男子自行車的三角形支架上，另一個袋子可以掛在橫梁上，有時甚至可以在上面放上第三個袋子。由此推斷，要想放三個袋子，需要保持其他兩個袋子的平衡。選項C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwater...”天氣好的時候，通往海灘的道路通常是兩條蜿蜒的水道...。所以選項D正確。

17.單選題

Thefarmerwarnedthosechildrennotto_____onthecorn.

問題1選項

A.collapse

B.stripe

C.stride

D.tramp

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。collapse“倒塌，崩潰”；stripe“加條紋”；stride“跨步”；tramp“踩，走過”。句意：農(nóng)民告誡那些孩子們不要在莊稼地里踩踏。選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。circulation“發(fā)行，發(fā)行量”；reproduction“復(fù)制，復(fù)制品；繁殖”；manipulation“操作，操縱”；penetration“刺穿，進入”。句意：在美國報業(yè)中的新科技改革帶來了發(fā)行量的增長，出版數(shù)量也增加，報業(yè)的工作機會增多。選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.Sooneoftherestaurantsputanoticeoutsideitsfrontdoor.Itread“Notrousers,please!”

AgourmetcoffeewassoldinTokyoasanantidotetostress.Itsnamesupposedlymeanttopeoplethatitwouldsmooththetroubledbreast.YetwhenitwasprintedinEnglish,itturnedouttobe“EaseYourBosoms”.

SwedesstartedapromotionstunttopromotethesalesoftheirvacuumcleanernamedElectro.Theiroriginaladsloganwastranslatedas“NothingsucksLikeElectro”.

TheGeneralMotors'sellingofChevroletwasverybadinSouthAmerica.Andthereason?Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.

WhenPepsi-colainvadedthehugeChineseandGermanmarkets,theeffortsinitiallyfizzled.Theproduct'sslogan,“ComealivewiththePepsigeneration,”wasrenderedintoGermanas“comeoutofthegravewithPepsi.”Coca-ColaalsodiscoveredsomethinghadgonewronginTaiwan.TheChinesecharacterschosenfortheworld-famousproductsoundlike“BitetheWaxTadpole.”

Abeercompany’sslogan“Turnitloose”became,inSpanish,equivalentto“sufferfromdiarrhea.”

AcompanytranslateditsstickytapesloganintoJapaneseandcameupwithastickyproblem.

Theslogan“Stickslikecrazy”becameliterally“itsticksfoolishly”inJapanese.

AtonicproducedinChinaismadeofroyaljellyandissupposedtobeveryeffectiveforsomechronicdiseases.Yetitwastranslatedas“oralliquid”,whichmeans“saliva”inEnglish.Inthebrochure,itwasdescribedinthisway:“ittasteslikemedicine”,whenthelanguageintheoriginalmeanttouseitasafoodtherapy.

Eventhewrongnonverbalcuecanbringhavoctoaproduct.AbabyfoodcompanyinitiallypackagedtheirAfricanproductsjustthesameasintheUS—withacutebabypictureonthejar.Theydidn'trealizethatbecausesomanyAfricanscannotread,nearlyallpackagedproductssoldinAfricacarrypicturesofwhatisinside.Pureedbaby!Howhorrible!

InanAsiancity,wheretrafficisreallyverybad,tosecurepeople'ssafety,themunicipalgovernmenthasbuiltundergroundpassageways.Pedestriansareaskedtousethemwhenevertheyneedtocrossthemainstreet.Asignwaspostedonceontheroadside,pointingtotheentrancetoanundergroundpassageway,intendingtonotifyEnglish-speakingpassengers,“Gounderground.”

Wechuckledatsuchclumsytranslations.Isthereanythingwronginthelanguage?Wemustbeawarethatfewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.It'sbesttohirethebestfortranslation.Don'ttakeitforgrantedthataslonga