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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious(1)tohowtheycanbest(2)suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand(3),butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.(4)theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe(5)thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare(6)byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe(7)toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,(8),publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,(9)studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide(10)opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful(11)dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe(12)ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult(13)visibleinthebackground.
Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave(14)attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized(15)participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto(16)elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants(17).Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.(18)theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby(19)forrolesthatarewithinthei(20)andtheirattentionspansandbyshavingclearlystatedrules.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thought
B.idea
C.opinion
D.advice
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.strengthen
B.accommodate
C.stimulate
D.enhance
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.care
B.nutrition
C.exercise
D.leisure
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.If
B.Although
C.Whereas
D.Because
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.assistance
B.guidance
C.confidence
D.tolerance
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.claimed
B.admired
C.ignored
D.surpassed
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.improper
B.risky
C.fair
D.wise
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.ineffect
B.asaresult
C.forexample
D.inasense
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.displaying
B.describing
C.creating
D.exchanging
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.durable
B.excessive
C.surplus
D.multiple
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.group
B.individual
C.personnel
D.corporation
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.consent
B.insurance
C.admission
D.security
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.particularly
B.barely
C.definitely
D.rarely
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.similar
B.long
C.different
D.short
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.ifonly
B.nowthat
C.sothat
D.evenif
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.everything
B.anything
C.nothing
D.something
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.off
B.down
C.out
D.alone
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.Onthecontrary
B.Ontheaverage
C.Onthewhole
D.Ontheotherhand
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.making
B.standing
C.planning
D.taking
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.capabilities
B.responsibilities
C.proficiency
D.efficiency
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:D
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:A
第12題:D
第13題:B
第14題:D
第15題:C
第16題:D
第17題:B
第18題:A
第19題:C
第20題:A
【解析】(1)giveseriousthoughtto為常用搭配,意為認(rèn)真考慮。
(2)根據(jù)原文句意,教師應(yīng)該關(guān)注的是如何能夠使他們(青少年)很好地適應(yīng)這些變化。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
(3)and連接并列句,前后意思相近。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。句意:成長(zhǎng)中的身體需要運(yùn)動(dòng)和鍛煉。
(4)根據(jù)句意,青少年正在適應(yīng)新的身體狀況,面臨著心智和情感方面的諸多挑戰(zhàn),他們的自我意識(shí)很強(qiáng)。顯然這之間不是條件或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,而是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系。because表示原因,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
(5)根據(jù)原文,獲得成功之后,我們常常得到的是信心,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
(6)claimed索取,主張;admired羨慕,贊美;ignored忽視;surpassed超過。句意:青少年需要自信,自信來(lái)自成功,也來(lái)自知道他們的成績(jī)受到別人的贊美。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
(7)根據(jù)原文:然而,青少年的生活本身就已經(jīng)充滿了這么多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),那么,安排勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)將會(huì)是明智的,因?yàn)檫@能提高他們的自信心。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(8)根據(jù)下文可以推斷是對(duì)勝者多敗者少這個(gè)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行具體的例證,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。inasense在某種意義上,不符合原文。
(9)考查動(dòng)賓搭配。展覽學(xué)生的作品。選項(xiàng)A正確。
(10)durable耐用的,持久的;excessive過分的,過度的;surplus過剩的;multiple多種多樣的。根據(jù)原文,各種各樣的小型俱樂部可以提供多種多樣的機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
(11)根據(jù)前面的club可知,這里應(yīng)該為團(tuán)體活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(12)根據(jù)原文句意:交朋友對(duì)青少年非常重要,許多靦腆的學(xué)生都需要某種團(tuán)體所提供的安全感。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(13)來(lái)自于背后的支持,那么就是幾乎看不見的。用barely修飾,表示幾乎不。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
(14)根據(jù)下文的“participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywant.”使參與者能保持活躍的心態(tài),由此推斷,青少年的注意力很短。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(15)根據(jù)原文:應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動(dòng),以便讓參與者能盡可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地保持活躍。Sothat表目的,符合原文。
(16)anything用于疑問句和否定句中;somethingelse別的事情。根據(jù)原文:應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動(dòng),以便讓參與者保持活躍,然后轉(zhuǎn)而參與其他活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D正確。
(17)letoff放下,寬??;letsb.down為固定搭配,意為使沮喪;letout泄露;letalone聽任,不打擾。句意:既不會(huì)讓他們感到內(nèi)疚,又不會(huì)讓別的參與者失望。B選項(xiàng)符合原文。
(18)Onthecontrary相反;Ontheaverage平均來(lái)說,一般地;Onthewhole總的來(lái)說,大體上;Ontheotherhand另一方面。根據(jù)上下文:這并不意味著成年人不負(fù)責(zé)任,(
),他們可以幫助學(xué)生獲得一種責(zé)任感。兩句形成對(duì)比,選項(xiàng)A正確。
(19)根據(jù)原文:他們可以通過角色幫助學(xué)生獲得一種責(zé)任感。makefor向……方向走;standfor代表,表示;planfor為……做計(jì)劃,在這里指策劃創(chuàng)造一些(合適的)角色;takefor誤以為,把……看作……選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
(20)rolesthatarewithintheircapabilities指“他們力所能及的任務(wù)”。
2.單選題
Whileitsuniqueeatinghabitsmakethemountaingorillaafascinatingsubjectforobservations,itssmallpopulationanditsshynessserveto______manypotentialstudies.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inspire
B.fortify
C.release
D.hinder
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspire“賦予靈感;鼓舞;激起”;B選項(xiàng)fortify“(在物質(zhì)或精神上)加強(qiáng)”;C選項(xiàng)release“(情感)發(fā)泄;放松”;D選項(xiàng)hinder“阻礙”。句意:雖然山地大猩猩獨(dú)特的飲食習(xí)慣吸引許多人的觀察,但它數(shù)量少和害羞的特點(diǎn)______許多研究的可能性。橫線處和studies構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,While表示轉(zhuǎn)折,大猩猩數(shù)量少且害羞,即使很多人想研究大猩猩也不能順利地進(jìn)行研究,會(huì)遇到一些困難,D選項(xiàng)hinder“阻礙”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.
Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.
Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.
Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.
21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?
22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.
23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.
24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?
25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Monkeys.
B.Cats.
C.Porcupines.
D.Mice.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.trees
B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize
C.smallerspecies
D.hightropicalcanopies
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.resemble
B.protect
C.characterize
D.divide
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Canopy
B.Terminalleaves
C.Springboard
D.Airfriction
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?
B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?
C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?
D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一種動(dòng)物在樹冠上層不常見?
A.Monkeys.A.猴子。
B.Cats.B.貓。
C.Porcupines.C.豪豬。
D.Mice.D.老鼠。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的樹冠層(canopy),也就是樹木的上層(upperlevelofthetrees),有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳動(dòng)物,其中可能包括猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬”可知,在樹冠上層常見的動(dòng)物是猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬;結(jié)合第二句“較小的物種,包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動(dòng)物,在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像(notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas)在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍”,由其中的notasprevalent可知,老鼠和小松鼠這種較小的物種在樹冠上層并不常見,D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)都是在樹冠上層常見的動(dòng)物,屬于反向干擾。
22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他們”指的是______。
A.treesA.樹
B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳動(dòng)物
C.smallerspeciesC.較小的物種
D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高熱帶的樹冠
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第一段第二句“較小的物種(Smallerspecies),包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動(dòng)物,在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍(notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally)”,其中用了as…as…的比較,比較的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally,所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies,C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都不正確,屬于曲解原文。
23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify這個(gè)單詞的意思最接近______。
A.resembleA.相像
B.protectB.保護(hù)
C.characterizeC.特征
D.divideD.分割
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。
【解題思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援動(dòng)物能夠容易地爬樹枝,但相比大型攀援動(dòng)物來(lái)說,它們更難跨過從一個(gè)樹冠到另一個(gè)typify為高樹冠之間的寬間隙”,從句子中可知,typify在定語(yǔ)從句中做的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,賓語(yǔ)是highcanopy,來(lái)修飾nexttreecrown,而high就是nexttreecrown的特征,所以typify的意思和“特征”相近,C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。
24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)在文章中有定義?
A.CanopyA.樹冠
B.TerminalleavesB.頂端的葉子
C.SpringboardC.跳板
D.AirfrictionD.空氣阻力
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位文章第一句“樹冠層,也就是雨林樹木的上層(Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest)”,可知canopy的定義在文章有解釋,A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均沒有提到它們的定義,屬于出處錯(cuò)位。
25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.這篇文章回答了下列哪個(gè)問題?
A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.熱帶雨林與其他棲息地有何不同?
B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.動(dòng)物的體型如何影響動(dòng)物對(duì)食物的需求?
C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.為什么雨林為動(dòng)物提供了不同尋常的食物?
D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.為什么大型動(dòng)物傾向于支配熱帶雨林的上層樹冠?
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】這篇文章主要描述了動(dòng)物棲息在樹冠層的優(yōu)點(diǎn),第一段先介紹樹冠上常見的棲息動(dòng)物;接著后面三段通過對(duì)小型哺乳動(dòng)物和大型哺乳動(dòng)物在樹冠層生存的對(duì)比,來(lái)介紹大型動(dòng)物更有利于支配雨林的上層樹冠,如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它們?cè)跇涔诘臉渲蜆涓砷g攀爬來(lái)尋找昆蟲、花、或水果,但在對(duì)食物的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上小型哺乳動(dòng)物卻被大型哺乳動(dòng)物超越,大型的動(dòng)物有它們自己的策略來(lái)穿梭于食物豐富的樹枝間”,以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援動(dòng)物能夠容易地爬樹枝,但相比大型攀援動(dòng)物來(lái)說,它們更難跨過從一個(gè)樹冠到另一個(gè)高樹冠之間的寬間隙”,所以D項(xiàng)是文章回答的問題。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A、C選項(xiàng)文中沒有對(duì)雨林進(jìn)行比較,屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全,不夠全面。
4.單選題
Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare()toheartattack.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.infectious
B.disposed
C.accessible
D.prone
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”,B項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的;打算做……的”,C項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的,可進(jìn)入的”,D項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的,有……傾向的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heartattack(心臟?。?,可排除A、C選項(xiàng)。bedisposedto表示“有……傾向”,后面一般跟todo;beproneto表示“易于,有……的傾向”,后面一般跟名詞;heartattack是名詞,只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意:醫(yī)生們對(duì)使用激光作為外科手術(shù)工具對(duì)易患心臟病的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)很感興趣。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
10.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Atastreetcorner.
B.Inalocalshop.
C.Inaward.
D.Inaclinic.
【答案】D
【解析】M:Whatareyoucomingfortoday,Mrs.Anderson?
W:I’vebeenhavingsomepainsinmyjoints,especiallytheknees!
Q:Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
【解析】推斷題。女士說:I’vebeenhavingsomepainsinmyjoints,especiallytheknees(我關(guān)節(jié)痛,特別是膝蓋)。由此推斷此對(duì)話發(fā)生在就診場(chǎng)景,D項(xiàng)(門診)最合適。
6.單選題
Anumberofresearchershavewrittenabouta“hiddencurriculum”inschools,definedasthesubtleinfluencesonstudentsthatreinforcesexistandracistmessages.Thehiddencurriculumminimizesand(
)thecontributionswomenhavemade.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eulogizes
B.maligns
C.maximizes
D.compliments
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eulogize“頌揚(yáng)”;B選項(xiàng)malign“誹謗;中傷”;C選項(xiàng)maximize“取……最大值”;D選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維;稱贊”。句意:許多研究人員寫了一篇關(guān)于學(xué)校的“隱性課程”的文章,定義為微妙地影響學(xué)生,加強(qiáng)性別歧視和種族歧視的信息。隱藏的課程將女性所做出的貢獻(xiàn)最小化和……。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.單選題
AsthedoorofChinaisopen,Westernideasand()comein.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.moral
B.morale
C.morals
D.value
【答案】C
【解析】考查了名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)moral“道德;寓意”,B選項(xiàng)morale“士氣;斗志”,C選項(xiàng)morals“品行;道德;道德觀念”,D選項(xiàng)value“值;價(jià)值;價(jià)格”,根據(jù)句子的意思應(yīng)該是說各種各樣的價(jià)值觀念涌入中國(guó),只有C可以表示“各種思想和價(jià)值觀”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為:隨著中國(guó)的大門打開,西方的思想和道德觀進(jìn)來(lái)了。
8.單選題
Thescentofherperfume()onintheclassroom.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.continued
B.lingered
C.covered
D.existed
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)continue“繼續(xù),逗留”continue…on“繼續(xù)”;B選項(xiàng)linger“消磨,緩慢度過”,linger…on“流連忘返,一直存在”;C選項(xiàng)cover“覆蓋,包括”;D選項(xiàng)exist“存在,生存”,exist…on“靠……為生”。句意:她的香水味在房間里久久不散。由選項(xiàng)意思和固定搭配可知,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。
9.單選題
Whatthingsinlifeareyoumostdesirous(
)attaining?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.for
C.with
D.of
【答案】D
【解析】desirousof為固定搭配,意為“想要...渴望...”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
10.單選題
NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage()intheworld.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.neighborhoods
B.communities
C.clusters
D.assemblies
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)neighborhood“街坊,街區(qū)”,B項(xiàng)community“社區(qū),共同體,團(tuán)體”,C項(xiàng)cluster“群,簇”,D項(xiàng)assembly“裝配,集合”;根據(jù)空格前面的differentlanguage(不同的語(yǔ)言),結(jié)合句子的語(yǔ)境,只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:紐約可能是世界上不同語(yǔ)言社區(qū)數(shù)量最多的城市。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Wearewritingtothemanager______therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.withtheexceptionof
B.withthepurposeof
C.withreferenceto
D.withaviewto
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)withtheexceptionof“除了……以外”,B項(xiàng)withthepurposeof“目的是……”,C項(xiàng)withreferenceto“關(guān)于,根據(jù)”,D項(xiàng)withaviewto“著眼于”。根據(jù)句子可知,therepairs是由過去分詞短語(yǔ)carriedoutattheaboveaddress修飾的名詞,說明信件的內(nèi)容,所以推斷選項(xiàng)C符合上下文語(yǔ)境。句意:關(guān)于最近在上述地址進(jìn)行的維修,我們致函經(jīng)理。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.
Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.
Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.
Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants-thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.
1.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeisto(
).
2.Itcaninferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause
(
).
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect
(
).
4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto
(
).
5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients
B.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-care
C.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority
D.informpotentialpatientsoftheirhealth-carerights
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital
B.mostofpatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance
C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient'shealth
D.somepatientsmightrefusetoaccepttheirphysician'sadvice
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices
B.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary
C.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion
D.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.aproposalofcontrolmedicalcosts
B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment
C.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStates
D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Fewpatientsarereluctanttoobjecttothecourseofthetreatmentprescribedbyadoctorortoquestionthecostoftheservices.
B.Themoreserioustheillnessofapatient,thelesslikelyitisthatthepatientwillobjecttothecourseoftreatmentprescribedortoquestionthecostofservices.
C.Thepayer,whetherinsurancecarrierorthegovernment,islesslikelytoacquiescetodemandsforpaymentwhentheillnessofthepatientisregardedasserious.
D.BothAandB.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到在經(jīng)濟(jì)的大部分領(lǐng)域購(gòu)買者做出決定,但在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域卻不是如此(Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.)文章主要講述了衛(wèi)生保健領(lǐng)域醫(yī)生和病人奇怪的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,其他幾段分析了這種關(guān)系的不同之處,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話提到“因此,在醫(yī)院的政策和決策中,醫(yī)務(wù)人員是‘權(quán)力中心’,而不是行政部門”(Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration),根據(jù)asaconsequence可知,原因在該句的前面,Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."(難怪在醫(yī)院的眼里醫(yī)生才是真正的消費(fèi)者)。也就是說醫(yī)生決定了醫(yī)院的收入,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到“醫(yī)生通常做出所有重大的購(gòu)買決定,如:病人是否應(yīng)該在下周三回醫(yī)院”(itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday"),選項(xiàng)A“指導(dǎo)病人買更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。最后一段作者指出75-80%的醫(yī)療花費(fèi)是由醫(yī)生決定的,而不是病人(Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients),因此針對(duì)病人或一般人的節(jié)約是相對(duì)無(wú)效的(Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective),由此可以看出作者對(duì)這種做法是持否定意見的,所以作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)提出一些建議來(lái)改變這種行為,選項(xiàng)A“控制醫(yī)療成本的建議”符合題意。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第二段最后一句提到很少有病人會(huì)為價(jià)格問題來(lái)質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生,尤其是那些病重的病人(Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious),選項(xiàng)A的大意是很少有病人不愿意反對(duì)醫(yī)生,與原文不符合,因此符合題意。
13.單選題
(
)thepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen
B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular
C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite
D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen
【答案】D
【解析】句意:盡管在過去白色不受歡迎,但是現(xiàn)在它是人們最喜歡的婚紗顏色。
語(yǔ)法題。考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。題干后半部分已經(jīng)是一個(gè)完整句子,所以前半部分是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),即將句中做表語(yǔ)的形容詞提前,故選D。
14.填空題
deed
continue
keep
consistent
evade
greet
barrier
when
collaborative
share
earn
belief
partourselves
but
Inmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout(1)tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill(2)thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin(3)teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof(4)thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis(5)throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe(6)oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby(7),fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho(8)staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.
Oneofthebiggest(9)tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness(10)therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto(11)atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant(12)thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct(13)toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto(14)payingtax.Thispatternofbehaviorcontinuestoerodetrust,andrebuildingitbecomesmoredifficultovertime.Peopleneedtoseerealand(15)actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficenceandoversightareactuallyheldtoaccountandthatbusinesspracticesactuallychangeasaresult.Eventhen,itwilltaketimeandconcertedefforttorebuildthetrustlostbyrecklessactioninthepast.
【答案】1.ourselves
2.keep
3.collaborative
4.belief
5.earned
6.part
7.deed
8.greets
9.barriers
10.but
11.share
12.when
13.hascontinued
14.evade
15.consistent
【解析】1.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前“Weprovideverypersonaldata…”,我們提供非常私人的信息,可判斷出這些信息是與我們自己相關(guān)的。所以單詞“ourselves我們自己”符合文意。
2.上下文理解。上文提到我們把一些非常私人的信息給一些公司,所以是相信這些公司會(huì)使數(shù)據(jù)保持安全可靠。單詞“keep保持”符合文意。
3.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后“…andtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.”,可知我們相信我們的同事會(huì)盡心盡力地工作,這是基于上文提到的各團(tuán)隊(duì)的互相協(xié)作。單詞“collaborative協(xié)作的”符合文意。
4.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…thepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.”,我們與之打交道的企業(yè)和個(gè)人都是值得信賴的,可知上文要表達(dá)的意思為“幾乎每次我們和別人交流時(shí),都要帶著一定的信任。”單詞“belief信任”符合文意。
5.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.”,可知信任是通過努力工作和行動(dòng)而不是僅僅憑好意而獲得的。單詞“earned贏得,獲得”符合文意。
6.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe…oftheveryDNAofacompany.”,可知證明自己具有可信度是一家公司基因的必須部分。單詞“part部分”符合文意。
7.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby…,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront”,可知可信賴度不僅僅通過言詞來(lái)證明,還是通過董事會(huì)、管理團(tuán)隊(duì)和店面等的實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)證明的。單詞“deed行動(dòng)”符合文意。
8.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“…andthepersonwho…staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.”,可知這里指的是當(dāng)員工和顧客走過門時(shí)歡迎他們的人。單詞“greet”符合文意。根據(jù)先行詞person為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故應(yīng)填入“greets歡迎”。
9.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Oneofthebiggest…tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.”,可知保密和掩蓋是建立信任度最大的障礙之一。單詞“barrier”符合文意,又因?yàn)檎系K不止一個(gè),故填入復(fù)數(shù)形式“barriers障礙”。
10.上下文理解。空格前“Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness…”,毫無(wú)疑問,在商業(yè)中有些事情必須保密……空格后繼續(xù)提到有一些方法可以讓公司在不泄露機(jī)密信息的情況下清楚地說出自己的做法。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。單詞“but但是”符合題意。
11.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto…atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.”,可知如果你想要人們信任你或者你的公司,你必須至少愿意分享一些你做決定的信息。單詞“share分享”符合文意。
12.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Transparencyisparticularlyimportant…thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.”,可知當(dāng)需要重新建立起信任的時(shí)候,透明度顯得尤其重要。單詞“when當(dāng)……時(shí)候”符合文意。
13.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct…toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.”,可知銀行業(yè)最近就即將進(jìn)行的改革發(fā)表了重要聲明,但他們持續(xù)實(shí)施的行為違背了他們的承諾。單詞“continue繼續(xù),持續(xù)”符合文意,又根據(jù)上文“hasrecentlymade”可判斷這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),故填入“hascontinued”。
14.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto…payingtax.”,可知最近,我們看到這家銀行因涉嫌幫助客戶逃稅而登上新聞?lì)^條。單詞“evade逃避,逃脫”符合文意。
15.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Peopleneedtoseerealand…actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficence…”人們需要看到真實(shí)并且始終如一的行動(dòng)并且知道是誰(shuí)該為一些罪行負(fù)責(zé)。單詞“consistent始終如一的”符合文意。
15.單選題
Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.emanation
B.emulsion
C.emulation
D.emancipation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emanation“發(fā)出,散發(fā)”;B選項(xiàng)emulsion“乳劑;乳液”;C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真;效仿;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”;D選項(xiàng)emancipation“解放;釋放”。句意:在美國(guó)本土,優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對(duì)新技術(shù)的開放態(tài)度、對(duì)發(fā)明的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),以及空間思維天賦相互作用,造就了美國(guó)人的特征——競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
(
)quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Excessive
B.Extensive
C.Extreme
D.Exclusive
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如今,隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展水的消耗很大。
形容詞辨析。Excessive過多的,過分的;Extensive廣泛的,大量的;Extreme極端的;exclusive獨(dú)有的,排外的。因此B符合句意。
17.單選題
AyoungcoupleemigratedsometimeagofromGreecetoEnglandandwasinvitedtobecomeamemberofalocalclub.Afterafewweeks,manyEnglishwomenfeltthatthebehaviorsoftheGreekmakeseemedlikeacomeonthatmakethemfeeluncomfortable!AtthesametimemanyEnglishmenfeltthattheGreekfemaleistooforwardinshowingthatsheissexuallyavailable!Infactnothingofthesortwashappeningandthewholemisunderstandingwascausedbythedifferent“intimacyzones”betweenpeopleofdifferentcultures.Asallanimalbeings,humanbeingsalsohaveadefinedspacearoundtheirbodies,whichtheyconsiderasvitalandtheyprotectasifitweretheirprivateproperty.Thisspaceiscalled“intimacyzones”andonlypeoplewhoareemotionallyclosetothepersonareallowedtoenterthiszone.Thatincludesparents,husbandsandwives,children,relatives,loversandclosefriends.
Greekshavean“intimacyzones”of25cmandsometimesevenless,whilefortheEnglishpeoplethiszoneisextendedto45cm.ThetwoGreeksfeltquitecomfortableatadistanceof25-30cmfromtheothers,withoutknowingthatthisdistancewasconsideredbytheEnglishasan“invasion”oftheir“intimacyzones.”Moreover,thefactthatGreeksareusedtolookingattheirnewfriendsdirectlyintheeyeandoftentouchthemwhiletalkingmadeEnglishpeopleformthewrongimpressionandmisjudgedthem.EnglishpeopleconsideredharassmentwhattheGreekcoupleconsideredasatypicalsocialget-together!And,conversely,thetwoGreekswerethinkingthattheirnewEnglishfriendswererudeandcoldbecausetheyconstantlykeptmovingawayfromthemallthetime,tryingtomain
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