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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-呂梁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Abalanceofinternationalpaymentreferstothenetresultofthebusinesswhichanation(
)withothernationsinagivenperiod.
問題1選項
A.transact
B.tempts
C.thrives
D.transforms
【答案】A
【解析】句意:國際收支平衡是指在一定時期內(nèi)一個國家與其他國家貿(mào)易的凈收益。
固定搭配。transactbusinesswith與…交易。
2.單選題
Shoppingmallshavesomeadvantageinsufferingfromshorterperiodsof()business.
問題1選項
A.stale
B.slack
C.ferrous
D.abundant
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析。stale不新鮮的,可以指食物,也可以指事情;slack松弛的,不活躍的;生意不景氣的;ferrous含鐵的;abundant大量的,充足的。句子中與business搭配的應(yīng)該是slack,slackbusiness指“生意不景氣,蕭條”。
3.單選題
Imustgonow.(),ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.
問題1選項
A.Incidentally
B.Accidentally
C.Occasionally
D.Subsequently
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項incidentally“順便說一句;偶然地;附帶地”;B選項accidentally“意外地;偶然地”;C選項occasionally“偶爾;間或”;D選項subsequently“隨后,其后;后來”。句意:我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。順便說一句,如果你想要那本書,那么我下次將把它帶來。根據(jù)句中“Imustgonow我現(xiàn)在必須離開了”可知“順便說一句”符合語境,因此A選項正確。
4.單選題
Themedicine()hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.
問題1選項
A.activated
B.alleviated
C.deteriorated
D.mediated
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這種藥()他的疼痛,但不能治愈他的疾病。A選項activated觸發(fā);B選項alleviated減輕,緩解;C選項deteriorated使惡化;D選項mediated調(diào)解。選項B符合句意。
5.單選題
ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?
問題1選項
A.disaster
B.controversy
C.confrontation
D.aggression
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項disaster“災(zāi)難;災(zāi)禍;不幸”;B選項controversy“辯論”;C選項confrontation“對抗;對峙”;D選項aggression“侵略;侵犯;侵害”。句意:我們會看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項disaster(災(zāi)難)不能形容兩個國家的分歧。B選項controversy(辯論),可以排除。D選項aggression(侵犯),這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個國家的侵略。C選項confrontation(對峙)最符合題意,由此得知C選項正確。
6.單選題
()theopportunity,hemightwellhavebecomeanoutstandingcartoonist.
問題1選項
A.Given
B.Togive
C.Giving
D.Beinggiven
【答案】A
【解析】考查過去分詞作狀語。giventheopportunity是過去分詞短語作狀語,相當(dāng)于一個與過去情況相反的虛擬條件句,等于ifhehadbeengiventheopportunity。句意:如果有機會,他很可能會成為一位杰出的漫畫家。因此A選項正確。
7.單選題
Itbeingnotonlypossiblebuteveneasytopredictwhichten-year-oldboysareatgreatestriskofgrowinguptobepersistentoffenders.Whatarewedoingwiththeinformation?JustaboutthelastthingthatweshoulddoistowaituntiltheirtroubleshaveescalatedinadolescenceandthenattackthemwiththeprovisionsofthenewCriminalJusticeBill.
Ifthisbillbecomeslaw,magistrateswillhavethepowertoimposeresidentialcareorders.Moreyoungpeoplewillbedrawnintoinstitutionallifewhenalltheevidenceshowsthatthisworsensratherthanimprovestheirprospects.Theintroductionofshortsharpshocksindetentioncenterswillsimplygivemoreyoungpeopleatasteofsomethingelsethedon'tneed;thewholeregimeofdetentioncentersisoneoftougheningdelinquents,andifyouwanttotrainsomeonetobeanti-establishment."Ican'tthinkofabetterwaytodoit,"saysthewriterofthisreport.
TheCambridgeInstituteofCriminologycomesupwithfivekeyfactorsthatarelikelytomakefordelinquency:alowincomefamilyalargefamily,parentsdeemedbysocialworkerstobebadatraisingchildren,parentswhothemselveshaveacriminalrecord,andlowintelligenceinthechild.Notsurprising,thefactorstendtooverlap.Ofthe63boysinthesamplewhohadatleastthreeofthemwhentheywereten,halfbecamejuveniledelinquents—comparedwithonlyfifthofthesampleasawhole.
Threemorefactorsmakethepredictionmoreaccurate:beingjudgedtroublesomebyteachersattheageoften,havingafatherwithatleasttwocriminalconvictionsandhavinganothermemberofthefamilywithacriminalrecord.Ofthe35menwhohadatleasttwoofthesefactorsintheirbackground,18becamepersistentdelinquentsand8morewereintroublewiththelaw.
Amongthosekeyfactors,farandawaythemostimportantwashavingaparentwithacriminalrecord,evenifthathadbeenacquiredinthedistantpast,eventhoughveryfewparentsdidotherthancondemndelinquentbehaviorintheirchildren.
Theroleoftheschoolsemergesasextremelyimportant.Themostreliablepredictionofallonthefuturesofboyscamefromteachers'ratingsofhowtroublesometheywereattheageoften.Iftheinformationisthereintheclassroomtheremustbearesponsethatbringsmoreattentiontothosetroublesomechildren:asearchforthingstogivethemcreditforotherthanacademicachievement,arefusaltoallowthemtogoonplayingtruant,andafosteringofambitionandopportunitywhichshouldstartearlyintheirschoolcareers.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,delinquencyshouldbetackled(
).
2.Thenumberofyoungoffenderscouldbereducedbythewayof
(
).
3.Whatistheoutcomeresultofputtingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters?
4.Ten-year-oldchildrenlikelytobecomeoffendersareusually
(
).
5.Thewriterconcludesthatpotentialoffenderscouldbehelpedby(
).
問題1選項
A.beforeadolescence
B.duringinstitutionaltreatment
C.duringadolescence
D.whentheproblembecomesacute
問題2選項
A.newlegalmeasures
B.betterresidentialcare
C.briefperiodsofharshpunishment
D.examinationoftheirbackgrounds
問題3選項
A.Theybecomemoreviolent
B.Theyreceiveusefultraining
C.Theybecomeusedtoinstitutions
D.Theyturnagainstsociety
問題4選項
A.spoiltchildrenfromsmallfamilies
B.brightchildreninapoorfamily
C.dullchildrenwithmanybrothersandsisters
D.childrenwhoseparentshaveacquiredwealthdishonestly
問題5選項
A.spendingmoretimeatschool
B.moreencouragementatschool
C.moreactivitiesoutsideschool
D.strictertreatmentfromteachers
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章開頭提出現(xiàn)在對于不良行為,都只能被動地等待問題出現(xiàn),并且提出要在兒童時期就加強教育的解決辦法。故選A。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段可知,作者不建議通過法律制裁、居住處監(jiān)管以及嚴(yán)厲的懲罰等措施來處理青少年不良行為。在第三段指出了導(dǎo)致不良行為的五個關(guān)鍵因素,接著在第四段從少年犯的家庭和社會背景分析了使預(yù)言更為準(zhǔn)確的三個因素。故選D。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞puttingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters定位至第二段,根據(jù)第二段信息“trainsomeonetobeanti-establishment(培養(yǎng)反社會情緒)”推測答案為D。
4.細節(jié)事實題。第三段分析了導(dǎo)致青少年不良行為的五個關(guān)鍵因素:低收入家庭、大家庭、父母被社會工作者認為虐待孩子,父母有犯罪記錄,兒童中的低智商者。因此此題選C。
5.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出,學(xué)校對于青少年不良行為的問題起著至關(guān)重要的作用。具體包括鼓勵他們更早樹立理想,抓住機會。故選B。
8.單選題
Peopleofdiversebackgroundsnowflytodistantplacesforpleasure,businessoreducation.
問題1選項
A.different
B.distinctive
C.divorced
D.separate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意:……背景的人們現(xiàn)在飛到遙遠的地方去度假、經(jīng)商或接受教育。A選項different“不同的”;B選項distinctive“獨特的,與眾不同的”;C選項divorced“分離的”;D選項separate“分開的,單獨的”。這里應(yīng)該指的是背景不同,diverse意為“不同的”,選項A與之意思相近。
9.單選題
China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,()onMaylst,2007.
問題1選項
A.fellback
B.fellshort
C.wentintoeffect
D.cometothepoint
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項fellback表示“后退”;B選項fellshort表示“不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn),缺乏”;C選項wentintoeffect表示“生效”;D選項cometothepoint表示“直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f,簡明扼要的說”。分析句意可知,中國頒布的首部人體器官移植條例是從2007年5月1日開始生效。因此本題正確答案為C選項。
10.單選題
Nineistothree()threeistoone.
問題1選項
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.what
【答案】D
【解析】考查方式狀語從句。AistoBwhatCistoD是固定句式,意思是“A對于B來說就等于C對于D一樣”,what在句中引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,表示“好比,正如”。句意:九比三等于三比一。因此D選項正確。
11.翻譯題
六十整歲望七十如攀高山。不料七十歲居然過了。七十歲開始可以諸事不做而拿退休金,不愁沒有一碗飯吃,自由自在,自得其樂。要看書可以隨便亂翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸張,從前哪能拜讀?現(xiàn)在可以了。隨看隨忘,便仍在一邊。無憂無慮,無人打擾,不必出門而自有天地。真是無限風(fēng)光在老年。
偶爾有人來,不論男女老少認識不認識,天南地北,天上地下,天文地理,談天說地,百無禁忌。我的話匣子一開,激光磁盤便響個不停,滔滔不絕。無奈我閑人忙,聽眾逐漸稀少,終于門庭冷落,只剩下一屋子廣闊天地,任我獨往獨來,隨意揮灑。
【答案】AttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreached?AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn’tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon’thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.Trueitisthatthemostsplendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!
OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.
12.寫作題
Directions:
Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould
1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and
2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.
Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
【答案】參考范文
Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.
Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.
Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.
13.單選題
Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller().
問題1選項
A.pair
B.suit
C.one
D.set
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:如果這些鞋太大了,請店員給你拿一雙更小的。結(jié)合語境,由前文談及“這些鞋子”,即應(yīng)該是成對的,故應(yīng)該用“一雙”,則A為正確答案。
14.單選題
Manycompaniesare()toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.
問題1選項
A.hesitant
B.constant
C.luxuriant
D.coherent
【答案】A
【解析】句意:許多公司對投資納米技術(shù)研究猶豫不決,擔(dān)心有朝一日某項技術(shù)被認為是危險的,可能會受到法律訴訟。
考查形容詞辨析。hesitant猶豫的,疇躇的;constant不變的,恒定的,經(jīng)常的;luxuriant繁茂的,豐富的,奢華的,肥沃的;coherent連貫的,一致的,凝聚性的,粘在一起的。故A符合句意。
15.單選題
Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.
1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?
2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?
問題1選項
A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.
B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.
C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.
D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.
問題2選項
A.1846
B.1847
C.1848
D.1869
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.(作為該地區(qū)的自然地理中心,芝加哥成為一個巨大交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的十字路口)可知A選項“它位于生產(chǎn)區(qū)的中間”符合題意。
2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.(1847年,密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系統(tǒng)在芝加哥相連,同年,伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運河通車)可知伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運河于1847年正式開通,因此選B。
16.單選題
Manypeopleare()toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.
問題1選項
A.insensitive
B.allergic
C.infectious
D.alert
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項insensitive“感覺遲鈍的”;B選項allergic“對……過敏的”;C選項infectious“傳染的;傳染性的”;D選項alert“警惕的;留心的”。句意:很多人對蟲子叮咬過敏,且有些人甚至不得不去醫(yī)院。結(jié)合此處句意,B選項正確。
17.單選題
WhenIstayedinthecountry,Iusedtowalkinthefieldsatnightandtosee(
)ofstars.
問題1選項
A.thecirculation
B.acluster
C.thefalling
D.myriads
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。circulation“流通;傳播;發(fā)行量”;cluster“群;簇”;falling“下降;落下”;myriad“無數(shù)”。句意:當(dāng)我待在鄉(xiāng)村的時候,我經(jīng)常晚上在田地里散步和看無數(shù)的星星。選項D符合題意。
18.單選題
Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.
Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.
Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.
Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.
36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.
37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.
38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.
39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?
40.Thepurposeofthistextisto_______.
問題1選項
A.hadgreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates
B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries
C.reducedourstandardoflivinganddiminishedournaturalresources
D.wereoftenproducedbyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams
問題2選項
A.itisreasonabletosupportindependentinventorsbecausetheylackcapital
B.itisobviousthatsmallfirmsalonecontributetopromotethelivingstandard
C.itisbeyondanydoubtthatmilitaryresearchcanprotectresourceseffectively
D.itstillremainsdoubtfulwhetherdefenseresearchisthecauseofbetterliving
問題3選項
A.theyhavelittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplant
B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry
C.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury
D.theyaremetcompetitioninfieldsnotruledbyoneoftheindustrialgiants
問題4選項
A.Importantinventionswereproducedbybothindividualsandcorporateteams.
B.Forabetterliving,themoneyspentonmilitaryresearchshouldbereduced.
C.Thegrowthoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.
D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitalloss.
問題5選項
A.encouragefree-marketcompetition
B.advocateanincreaseingovernmentalsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch
C.pointoutamisconceptionabouttheindustrialresearchandthemonopolisticpower
D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】36.事實細節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)第一段,20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明____”,可定位到原文第1段第2句Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.(最近一項關(guān)于世紀(jì)之交以來的重要發(fā)明的研究表明,超過一半的發(fā)明是個體發(fā)明家,獨立于有組織的工業(yè)研究,獨自工作的產(chǎn)物。)由此可知,20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明中超過一半是獨立發(fā)明家的產(chǎn)物,D選項“通常是由獨立發(fā)明家和研究團隊制作的”表述符合原文,而B選項“主要來自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實驗室”表述錯誤,排除;A選項“對小公司的影響大于對大企業(yè)集團的影響”原文并未談及這些發(fā)明對大公司或小公司的影響,排除;C選項“降低了我們的生活水平,減少了我們的自然資源”原文并未提及,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為D。
37.事實細節(jié)題。題干“從第2段我們可以了解到____”可定位到原文第2段。第2段第2句…theindependentinventor…vitaltoeconomicprogress.(……獨立發(fā)明家和小公司無法承擔(dān)既能保護日益減少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究;只有大型企業(yè)的巨額資產(chǎn)才能負擔(dān)得起這種技術(shù)進步的支出,這些技術(shù)進步對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。)由此可知,“既能保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究”需要巨額的研究資金,而獨立發(fā)明家的資金不夠支持他們進行這些研究。A選項“支持獨立發(fā)明家是合理的,因為他們?nèi)狈Y金”表述與原文不符,原文只是說他們的資金不夠從事“既能保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究”,并沒有說他們?nèi)狈Y金,他們的資金還是可以支持他們做其他研究的,排除;B選項“很明顯,只有小公司才能促進生活水平的提高”表述不正確,能夠提高生活水平的研究不是小公司的研究內(nèi)容,排除;第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.(這些與國防有關(guān)的研究項目是否能改善人們的生活水平,或者是否在保護日益減少的資源方面起到很大作用,這是值得懷疑的。)根據(jù)句意,C選項“毫無疑問,軍事研究可以有效地保護資源”,“毫無疑問”與原文表述不符,排除;D選項“國防研究是否是改善生活的原因仍然值得懷疑”與原文表述相符。因此,本題最佳選項為D。
38.判斷推理題。題干“管理層和股東可能關(guān)心的是成本削減而非創(chuàng)新,如果____”可定位到第3段。A選項“他們在重要的設(shè)備或工廠幾乎沒有既得利益”可定位到第3段倒數(shù)第2句thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarket…itisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.(市場份額小的公司將積極追求新技術(shù)和不同的產(chǎn)品,因為在重要設(shè)備和工廠沒有利益,它不會阻止創(chuàng)新投資。)由此判斷,“在重要的設(shè)備或工廠幾乎沒有既得利益”的公司追求創(chuàng)新,與題意不符,排除;B選項“他們非常穩(wěn)定和安全,在行業(yè)中擁有壟斷地位”可定位到第3段第4句Large-scaleenterprises…tendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.(大型企業(yè)傾向于更舒適地在穩(wěn)定和安全的環(huán)境中經(jīng)營,它們的管理官僚機構(gòu)傾向于提高地位并抵制變化所隱含的威脅。)由此可知,在行業(yè)擁有壟斷地位的企業(yè)管理層不鼓勵創(chuàng)新,B選項與原文相符;C選項“他們創(chuàng)造了本世紀(jì)的一些重要發(fā)明”與題目無關(guān),原文并未提及,排除;干擾D選項“他們在沒有任何工業(yè)巨頭的領(lǐng)域遭遇了競爭”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.(在某些行業(yè)間競爭減少甚至完全消除的情況下,工業(yè)巨頭可能有意阻止技術(shù)進步以避免資本損失。)由此可知,在競爭少或沒有競爭的行業(yè),行業(yè)巨頭會為了避免資本損失而阻止創(chuàng)新,D選項指的是一個競爭激烈且沒有行業(yè)壟斷的情況,與原文不符,排除;注意不能被第3段第3句Whileitcanbeassumedthat…largeadvertisingbudgets(雖然可以假設(shè)……)誤導(dǎo),這只是一種可能存在的假設(shè),并不一定正確,而且根據(jù)第3段第2句Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology(價格變量曾經(jīng)被認為是競爭過程中占主導(dǎo)地位的方面,現(xiàn)在卻屈從于新產(chǎn)品、新業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)和新技術(shù)的競爭)可知,當(dāng)今時代創(chuàng)新在競爭中起著很重要的作用,所以D選項“他們在沒有任何工業(yè)巨頭的領(lǐng)域遭遇了競爭”,企業(yè)管理層應(yīng)該是鼓勵創(chuàng)新的,與題干不符,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為B。
39.判斷推理題。題干“下列哪一項陳述隱含在文中?”A選項“重要的發(fā)明是由個人和公司團隊共同創(chuàng)造的”,可定位到第1段最后兩句Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributed…,independentinventors...Stillotherinventions...(當(dāng)工業(yè)實驗室貢獻了諸如尼龍和晶體管這樣的重要產(chǎn)品時,獨立的發(fā)明家們開發(fā)了空調(diào)、自動傳輸、噴氣發(fā)動機、直升機、胰島素和鏈霉素。還有一些發(fā)明是通過個人和實驗室團隊的共同努力開發(fā)出來的。)由此可以推斷,重要的發(fā)明一部分是工業(yè)實驗室發(fā)明的,一些是獨立發(fā)明家發(fā)明的,還有一些是共同發(fā)明的,選項A的表述不符合原文;B選項“為了更好的生活,應(yīng)該減少用于軍事研究的資金”,可定位到第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethat...(這些與國防有關(guān)的研究項目是否能改善人們的生活水平,或者是否在保護日益減少的資源方面起到很大作用,這是值得懷疑的)由此可知,與國防軍事有關(guān)的研究是否能帶來更好的生活值得懷疑,但是這并不能說明它就是不能帶來更好的生活,B選項的表述不太符合原文,排除;C選項“自動傳輸?shù)陌l(fā)展并不歸功于有組織的工業(yè)研究”,可定位到原文第1段倒數(shù)第2句independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission…(獨立發(fā)明家開發(fā)了空調(diào)、自動傳輸……)由此可知,自動傳輸是由獨立發(fā)明家發(fā)明的,但它的發(fā)展是否與“有組織的工業(yè)研究”有關(guān)無從得知,排除;D選項“工業(yè)巨頭可能會故意抑制創(chuàng)新以避免資本損失”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.(在某些行業(yè)間競爭減少甚至完全消除的情況下,工業(yè)巨頭可能有意阻止技術(shù)進步以避免資本損失。)D選項表述與原文一致。因此,本題最佳選項為D。
40.作者意圖題。A選項“鼓勵自由市場競爭”;B選項“提倡政府增加對有組織的工業(yè)研究的支持”;C選項“指出對產(chǎn)業(yè)研究和壟斷權(quán)力的一種誤解”;D選項“表明美國的力量依賴于個人的聰明才智”。本文一共4段,第1段主要內(nèi)容——人們普遍認為,工業(yè)巨頭的出現(xiàn)伴隨著同等工業(yè)研究的激增的。近期的研究表明20世紀(jì)以來,實際上,超過一半的發(fā)明是獨立于有組織的工業(yè)研究的個體發(fā)明家獨立工作的產(chǎn)物,其他是實驗室或者實驗室和個人合作發(fā)明的。第2段主要內(nèi)容——我們?nèi)员灰笾С謮艛嗔α?,因為這種力量創(chuàng)造了一個支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境。但一半的政府支出被用于軍事研究和產(chǎn)品開發(fā),這能否改善人們的生活水平,能否在保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源方面起到很大作用,值得懷疑。第3段主要內(nèi)容——我們長期以來關(guān)于競爭的看法可能是錯的,在當(dāng)今時代創(chuàng)新而非價格變化才是創(chuàng)新的重要因素。行業(yè)巨頭出于既得利益,不傾向于創(chuàng)新,相反,小公司鼓勵創(chuàng)新。第4段主要內(nèi)容——處于壟斷地位的企業(yè)也不能避免競爭,也會需要在創(chuàng)新上投入大量資金。綜合來看,作者的行文邏輯是提出一個存在的觀點,然后用事實證明該觀點是錯的,而這些觀點是關(guān)于工業(yè)研究和行業(yè)巨頭的。因此,C選項“指出對產(chǎn)業(yè)研究和壟斷權(quán)力的一種誤解”最符合作者意圖。本題最佳選項為C。
19.不定項選擇題
Justabouteveryoneknowsthemeaningof“value”thoughyou’dneverknowitfromtheexcessesoftheEighties.Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago,theyareshiftingtothetoothpastethatworksfromtheoneswithitslickestpromotions.Companiesthatunderstandthisnewconsumerhavecomeupwithsomethingnew:“valuemarketing”.
Awordofcautionisnecessary.Inmarketing,watchwordsquicklymetamorphousintobuzzwords—andvalueisnoexception.We’renottapingaboutadsthatmerelyboastofaproduct’svalueorevensuchlegitimatesatestoolsaspricecutsanddiscount:Usedcorrectly,valuemarketingamountstomuchmorethanjuststashingpricesdistributingcoupons.Itmeansgivingthecustomeranimprovedproduct,withads,featuresandenhancingtheroleofmarketingitself.Invaluemarketing,marketingbecomespartofthesystemfordeliveringvaluetotheconsumer.Insteadofmerelyshapingimage,suchaprogrammightofferenhanceguaranteesorlongerwarranties,adsthateducateratherthanhype,membershipclubthatbuildloyalty,frequent-buyerplans,improvedcommunicationswithcustomer,through800numbers,orpackagedesignthatmakestheproducteasiertouseormoreenvironmentallyfriendly.
Theseandothervalue-marketingtechniquescanbeexpensive.Theycantankeraddedproductionandmarketingcostsaddedtolowerunitprices.Evenso,theprincipleinvolvedinvaluemarketingvalueformoney,animprovedproduct,enhancednice,andaddedfeatures,arejustthatU.S.businessneedstoenhanceitscompetitivenessintheglobalmarketplace.That’swhyitwillbealltothegoodifthecommonsensicalvirtuesofvaluemarketingbecomepartofthepermanentstrategyofU.S.business.
1.Consumershavewakenupbecauseof().
2.Manyconsumersarechoosingthecommodities().
3.Inthe1980s,peoplewouldliketogoaftertheproducts().
4.Communicationswithcustomersmaybeimproved().
5.Avaluemarketingprogrammaynotinclude().
問題1選項
A.thepoorproductstheybought
B.thehighpricetheypaidforwhattheybought
C.thedifficulteconomictimes
D.ahorribledream
問題2選項
A.thatareprecious
B.thatarewarranted
C.thatcanshowtheirstatus
D.thatdeliverthemostforthemoney
問題3選項
A.thatweremostexpensive
B.thatwereup-to-date
C.thatcouldshowtheirstatus
D.thatwereinfashion
問題4選項
A.throughannualcustomers’congress
B.throughthefree800numbers
C.throughmembershipclubs
D.throughfrequenteducation
問題5選項
A.dailyvisitstocustomers
B.longerwarranties
C.membershipclubs
D.environmentallyfriendlypackages
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。消費者清醒了,因為,選項A“他們買到的差質(zhì)量的商品”;選項B“他們花高價購買了商品”;選項C“經(jīng)濟困難時期”;選項D“一場噩夢”,根據(jù)文章第一段中“Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.聰明的營銷活動往往使?fàn)I銷人員為他們的產(chǎn)品收取更多的費用,并獲得更高的利潤。它像一場夢一樣的突然醒來,由于經(jīng)歷困難的經(jīng)濟時期,消費者清醒了”,由此句可知經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟困難時期是消費者清醒的導(dǎo)火索,商家提高商品價格,使得消費者花高價購買了商品是消費者清醒過來的根本原因,此處應(yīng)該選擇真正使得消費者不再相信商家任意抬高的商品價格,清醒過來的根本原因,故正確答案為選項B。
第2題:細節(jié)事實題。許多消費者會選擇什么樣的商品,選項A“寶貴的”;選項B“有保障的”;選項C“能夠展示他們地位的”;選項D“更多的考慮價格”,根據(jù)文章第一段中“Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago…現(xiàn)在,就他們的購買限度來說,許多消費者選擇價格最合適的車,而不必要像幾年前一樣,選擇能夠代表社會地位的車”,此處是以車為例說明了現(xiàn)在消費者的購買傾向,所以在購買其他產(chǎn)品的時候他們同樣也會考慮價格再做出選擇,故正確答案為選項D。
第3題:細節(jié)事實題。在19世紀(jì)80年代,人們會追崇什么商品,選項A“最貴的”;選項B“最新的”;選項C“展示他們社會地位的”;選項D“時髦的”,根據(jù)第一段中“manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilyt
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