考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工程大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工程大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真；效仿；競爭”；D選項(xiàng)emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國本土，優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對新技術(shù)的開放態(tài)度、對發(fā)明的獎勵，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國人的特征——競爭。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor（1）inyourworkwoulddepend,to

（2）

greatextent,

（3）

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.（4）theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

（5）

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

（6）

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

（7）

thatheisprobablyascapable

（8）doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

（9）

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

（10）

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

（11）

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

（12）

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

（13）

thestrengthandovercomethe

（14）

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

（15）

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

（16）

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

（17）

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

（18）

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

（19）

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

（20）,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】（1）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處的Successor46與后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses（優(yōu)勢和劣勢）相對應(yīng)，success（成功）對應(yīng)的詞是failure（失?。?，因此選C。

（2）考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配，意為“很大程度上，非?！?。

（3）考查固定搭配。此處可將“toagreatextent”看作一個插入語，dependon為固定搭配，意為“依賴，依靠”。

（4）考查介詞辨析。of與名詞連用，表示具有某種性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，位于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。正常語序?yàn)椋篩ourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.（beof+名詞）

（5）考查動詞辨析。convince意為“使確信，使相信”；imagine意為“想象，設(shè)想”；understand意為“理解”；dream意為“夢想”。此處表示“如果一個人剛開始工作的人就確信自己不會喜歡……”。

（6）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語he，besurethat后面加從句，此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)工作”。

（7）考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief為固定搭配，意為“相信”。

（8）考查固定搭配。capableofdoing為固定搭配，意為“有能力做某事，能夠做某事”。

（9）考查動詞辨析。risk意為“危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)”；make意為“做”；reduce意為“減少”；possess意為“擁有，具有”。

（10）考查形容詞辨析。prerequisite意為“先決條件，前提”；educational意為“教育的”；意為“手工的，體力的”；basic意為“基本的”。此處表示“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”。

（11）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前句的“擁有某項(xiàng)工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”可知此處表示“____這些技能顯然是一個弱勢”，having（擁有）與lacking（缺少）相對應(yīng)，因此選C。

（12）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處列舉一些職業(yè)需要相對應(yīng)的技能，因此主語bookkeeper（記賬人，簿記員）需要會運(yùn)算相關(guān)方面的能力，因此選D，add意為“加法”。

（13）考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物”。

（14）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“利用優(yōu)勢”可知此處表示“克服缺點(diǎn)”，因此選B。

（15）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“你必須首先評估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境”可知此處表示“但為了你的發(fā)展”更符合語意，因此選B，development意為“發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”。

（16）考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”為兩個簡單句，需要有連詞連接，over與out不是連詞，since作連詞，意為“從……以后，由于，既然”，as作連詞，意為“隨著，由于”，此處表示“隨著更深入的閱讀”，因此選A。

（17）考查動詞辨析。calculate意為“計(jì)算”；move意為“移動，搬動”；drill意為“訓(xùn)練，演習(xí)”；deal意為“處理，涉及，論述”。此處表示“我們將更詳細(xì)論述發(fā)展和加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過程”，因此選D。

（18）考查動詞關(guān)系。此處表示“學(xué)習(xí)技能”，因此選C。

（19）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow（你必須首先評估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境）可知此處表示“檢測你現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)勢和劣勢”，因此選A，examine意為“檢查，調(diào)查”。

（20）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C，與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

3.單選題

Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.ThispopulationgrowthwasthreateningtodestroyChina’schancestobecomearichercountry:justprovidingfoodandbasicnecessitiesforeveryonewouldconsumeallofitseconomicgains.

Totametheexplosivepopulationgrowth,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedadrasticpolicyofallowingonechildperfamily.Toenforcethispolicy,thegovernmenthasavarietyofincentivesforthosewhocomplyandpunishmentforthosewhodonot.Forexample,coupleswhohaveonlyonechildgetamonthlypayuntilthechildisfourteen,specialconsiderationforscarcehousing,freemedicalcare,andextrapensionbenefits.Thepressuretoconformispowerful.Coupleswhoignorethestate’sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties.

Thefamily-planningpolicy,institutedinChinain1979,hasbeenremarkablyeffective(thoughconsiderablymoresoincitiesthaninthecountryside).Birthstowomanofchildbearingagehavefallendramaticallytoabout2.5childrenforeverywoman.

Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly.In1982,5%ofthepopulationwasoverage64.In2010,about9%willbeover64andin2050,25%willbe.Atthefamilylevel,childrenwithoutbrothersorsisterswilleachhavetocarefortwoagingparents.Atthenationallevel,thegreatnumbersofagingpeoplewilltaxthesociety’sresources.Chinastaresthisproblemarapidlyagingpopulationwithoutalargeenoughfollowinggenerationtosupportit——withmanyofthedevelopednationsoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Chinaisinapopulationdilemmainthesensethat（）.

2.TopunishthosewhoviolatethefamilyplanningpolicytheChinesegovernmentdoeswhichofthe

following?

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarethecausesforthepopulationexplosioninChina

except（）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreoldpeoplesurviveinthesociety

B.Chinesepopulationwillcontinuetoincreaserapidlyinthenearfuture

C.birth-ratedecreasesbutthepercentageofoldpeopleincreases

D.itisdifficulttocarryoutthefamilyplanningpolicy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Advisethemtoobservetherule

B.Reducetheirwages

C.Finethosecouples

D.Putthemintoprison

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bettereducation

B.betterhealth

C.betterlife

D.decreaseddeathrate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhythefamilyplanningpolicyisadoptedinChina

B.predictthepopulationprobleminChina

C.demonstratethecauseandeffectofthefamilyplanningpolicy

D.illustratetheresultoffamilyplanningpolicy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“中國在人口方面面臨的一個窘境是……”。文章第四段提到由于計(jì)劃生育的成功，中國人口正在迅速老齡化（Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly），因此選項(xiàng)C“出生率降低，但是人口老齡化加劇”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為了懲罰那些違反計(jì)劃生育的人，政府是怎樣做的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到忽視國家政策的夫妻會受到經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰（Coupleswhoignorethestate'sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列選項(xiàng)中都是中國人口爆炸的原因，除了哪一項(xiàng)？”文章第一段第二句話提到中國人口增長是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代化帶來了更多的食物，更好的醫(yī)療條件，疾病減少，流行病和饑荒減少（ThegrowthofChina’spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines），由此可知只有選項(xiàng)A“好的教育”沒有提及，符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章開篇講述了中國人口增長的原因，及其弊端，從而引出“計(jì)劃生育”，詳細(xì)說明了這一政策的實(shí)施方式以及取得的效果。后半部分講述了該政策帶來的問題。因此選項(xiàng)C“說明計(jì)劃生育的原因及其影響”符合題意。

4.單選題

TheGymnasiumwas（

）byApril2014,butnowthewallwasstillnowhereinsight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobecompleted

B.tocomplete

C.tohavecompleted

D.tohavebeencompleted

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語動詞不定式的用法。選項(xiàng)A是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式，表示被動或是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主語形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C是不定式的完成式，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被動語態(tài)，表示動賓關(guān)系兼完成狀態(tài)。分析文章語義“體育館2014年4月建成”了，選項(xiàng)D為最佳答案。

5.單選題

______，theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Likemanyanothernewthings

B.Likemuchothernewthings

C.Likemanyothernewthings

D.Likemanyanothernewthing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。another“又一，另一個”，一般用來修飾或代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，因此排除A和D選項(xiàng)；much不能用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，排除B選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conservation“保護(hù)，保存”，B項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)定”，C項(xiàng)exhaustion“筋疲力盡”，D項(xiàng)devastation“毀壞”。根據(jù)后面的resource可知句意：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，儲備資源正具有新的重要性。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hehaslittletrouble（）thetiresofhiscar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tofix

B.fix

C.fixing

D.withfixing

【答案】C

【解析】特殊用法。havetrouble后接動名詞,表示“在…方面有困難和麻煩”。選項(xiàng)C正確。

8.單選題

Sinceyouaresoweak,youshouldtakeevery____precautionagainstcatchingcold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.comparable

C.distinct

D.conceivable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.critical關(guān)鍵的B.comparable可比較的

C.distinct明顯的；確切的D.conceivable可想象的；可信的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】原句語義為“既然你這么虛弱，你應(yīng)該采取一切____的預(yù)防措施以防感冒?！庇纱丝芍∪朔浅Ｌ撊?，應(yīng)該采取一切可能的措施預(yù)防感冒，D選項(xiàng)conceivable“可想象的；可信的”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)critical“關(guān)鍵的”，“采取每一個關(guān)鍵的預(yù)防措施”沒有“采取每一個可能的預(yù)防措施”符合原句語境；

B選項(xiàng)comparable“可比較的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；確切的”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】既然你這么虛弱，你應(yīng)該采取一切可能的預(yù)防措施以防感冒。

9.單選題

LeaksfromEdwardSnowden,asystem’sadministratorturnedwhistleblowerattheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),America’ssignals-intelligenceagency,haveconfirmedthattheInternetisinsecure,andthatmodernspyagenciescan—anddo,onanindustrialscale—tapvirtuallyanyformofonlinecommunication.ButperhapsthemostacuteembarrassmentsofarhasbeencausedbytherevelationthattheNSAmayhavebeenlisteningtophonecallsmadebytheleadersofAmerica’sallies,mostnotablythoseoftheGermanchancellor,AngelaMerkel.Buthowexactlyisitdone?

Amobilephoneisessentiallyatelephonewitharadioattached.Anyonecanlisteninontheradiowavestravellingbetweenahandsetandthebasestationtowhichitisconnected.Topreventcasualeavesdropping,phonesoften(althoughnotalways)useencryption,whichdisarrangesthedatasothatonlytheintendedrecipientcanmakesenseofit.Butnotallencryptioniscreatedequal.Theencryptionusedinsecond-generation(2G)phones—atechnologythatdatesbackto1991一isweak,andreadilycrackedbymoderncomputers.The3Gstandardincludesstrongerdisarranging,althoughitisstillnotperfect.4G,theneweststandard,currentlybeingusedaroundtheworld,likewiseoffersmorecompetentencryption—althoughdocumentsleakedbyEdwardSnowdensuggestthatthespiesarepressuringmanufacturerstoputsecret“backdoors”intotheirproducts.

Butgettinginvolvedincryptographyisn’talwaysnecessary.Spyagenciescanobtaindetailsfromtelephonecompanies,eitherbyaskingthemtocooperateorforcingthemto.Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.Atahackerconferencein2010,asecurityresearchercalledChrisPagetgaveadetaileddemonstrationofhowthisworks,usinglessthan$2,000ofoff-the-shelfequipment(afakebase-stationcaninstructphonesthatconnecttoittodoallsortsofthings,suchasturnofftheirencryption).Policeforcesaroundtheworlduseasimilargeartosilentlylisteninoncallsmadebytheirtargets.ArecentbookdescribeshowtheFBIhasquietlyremovedseveralsuchfakebase-stations-runbyforeignembassies—fromaroundWashington,D.C.

Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.Modernsmartphonesaregeneral-purposecomputers.Usersstoree-mailsonthem,fixtheirpositionwithsatellitenavigationsystems,andevenusethemforbanking,makingthemveryjuicytargetsindeed.Evenifthephonesthemselvesaresecure,itisfarfromclearhowsecurethebehind-the-scenesserversrunbyGoogleandApple,whichcontroltheAndroidandiOSplatformsrespectively,reallyare.Forthenon-spies,therearecheaper,simpleroptionsthatoftenwork,too.ThisweekseveraljournalistsinBritainarestandingtrialforhackingthevoicemailmessagesofeveryonefromservingpoliticianstomurderedschoolchildren.Theirmethodswerelow-techbuteffective:theysmooth-talkedemployeesofmobile-phonecompaniesintohandingoverthefour-digitpasscodesthatprotecttheircustomers’voicemailaccounts.Orelsetheysimplyguessedthem,bettingthatthephoneownerseitherhadn’tchangedthemfromdefaultsettingsorhadchoseneasy-to-rememberones,suchas1—2—3—4.WhethertheNSAusedlow-orhigh-techmethodstotapMrs.Merkel’sphoneremainsamystery—fornow,atleast.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

2.Howcanencryptionpreventcasualeavesdropping?

3.Accordingtothecontexttheword“impersonate”(Para.3)mightmean“（

）”.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TorevealhowAngelaMerkelistapped.

B.TonarratethestoryofleaksfromEdwardSnowden.

C.Toexplainhowphonescanbebugged.

D.Toshowtheadvancementofhightechnology.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bystoppingtheusualradiowaves.

B.Bydisconnectingatelephonetoaradio.

C.Bymakingtheinformationincomprehensible.

D.Bycreatingequalcodepages.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.empower

B.design

C.personify

D.copy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Otherillegalmeanstoobtainpersonalinformation.

B.Processofsnatchingtextmessages.

C.ThetrialofseveralBritishjournalists.

D.Adviceofhowtousesmartphonesinproperways.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,文章由第一段愛德華?斯諾登泄密的故事引出手機(jī)竊聽,主要目的是為了說明手機(jī)是如何被竊聽的,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Topreventcasualeavesdropping,...recipientcanmakesenseofit.”為了防止偶然的竊聽,手機(jī)經(jīng)常(雖然并不總是如此)使用加密技術(shù),加密技術(shù)會打亂數(shù)據(jù)的排列,只有目標(biāo)接收者才能理解這些數(shù)據(jù)。也就是說,使信息無法被旁人所理解,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段第三句“Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.”另一種選擇是模擬移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身,建立一個假的基站,并說服目標(biāo)的手機(jī)連接到它。根據(jù)“fakebase-station”可以推測,impersonate表示模擬的意思,選項(xiàng)中D帶入原文最接近文意,所以正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.”不只是電話,短信也可以被竊取。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

10.單選題

（）me,IthinkanEnglish-ChinesedictionaryismuchmorehelpfultoourstudythananallEnglishdictionary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asfaras

B.As

C.Asfor

D.Asregard

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。asfor“對……來說，就……而言”。句意：對我來說，我認(rèn)為一本英漢字典要比一本全英字典要好。根據(jù)句意可知C為正確答案。

11.單選題

SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”

Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.

Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?

ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.

TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.

Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”

GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”

Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”

Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.

Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”

Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.

1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.

2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.

3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.

4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents

B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples

C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears

D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents

B.sympathizewithNeapolitans

C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans

D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasunrealistic

B.wentabittoofar

C.wasextraordinary

D.gaverisetoconcern

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets

B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis

C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar

D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段和第三段中的兩個例子旨在說明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.（那不勒斯：意大利糟糕的城市，在那里甚至連真相都有一種奇怪的虛構(gòu)色彩），接著第二段和第三段舉出了兩個例子：一個是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.（一輛小汽車與一輛城市小型公共汽車追尾。公共汽車司機(jī)下車去調(diào)查。當(dāng)他站在那里說話時，他唯一的乘客拿起方向盤開走了）；另外一個是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?（在中央郵局忙碌的午餐時間，天花板上的一條裂縫裂開了，郵政工人被一大堆過期的羊角面包壓得喘不過氣來。當(dāng)清潔工把裝著發(fā)霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走時，問題來了：是誰？為什么？那上面還可能有什么？），從這兩個例子可以推知，那不勒斯這個城市的糟糕的狀況，故D項(xiàng)“一切似乎都是錯位的”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“那不勒斯的交通事故發(fā)生率很高”和C項(xiàng)“那里的人們喜歡把食物儲存多年”只是例子；B項(xiàng)“在那不勒斯，任何不尋常的事情都可能發(fā)生”表示不夠準(zhǔn)確，這些事情并不是不尋常的，而是糟糕的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以得出結(jié)論，北方人……”。根據(jù)文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.（對許多意大利人來說，尤其是那些生活在富裕、工業(yè)化的北方的意大利人來說，這一切都不足為奇。對他們來說，那不勒斯意味著政治上的腐敗，浪費(fèi)的聯(lián)邦補(bǔ)貼，猖獗的有組織犯罪，可怕的大家庭，以及狡詐、懶惰的人們，他們寧愿做一些陰暗的事情也不愿做誠實(shí)的工作。）可知，北方的意大利人對那不勒斯是批判的態(tài)度，A項(xiàng)“對那不勒斯所代表的東西持批評態(tài)度”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“同情那不勒斯人”和C項(xiàng)“和那不勒斯人有很多共同點(diǎn)”不正確；D項(xiàng)“盡量避開那不勒斯人”，文章在此處主要是表達(dá)意大利的北方人對那不勒斯的批判，并不能推斷出他們想盡量避開那不勒斯人。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人對城市的感情……”。根據(jù)文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”（那不勒斯人可能會抱怨，但大多數(shù)人無法想象住在其他地方。這個城市有一個大家庭的親密、緊張和瘋狂，但卻有著強(qiáng)烈的奉獻(xiàn)精神。這里的人和紐約人一樣，有一種偏執(zhí)的自豪感。他們愛那些即使壞了的食物，他們喜歡做那不勒斯人。他們知道外人不懂，他們不在乎。一個女人說：“即使你走了，你仍然是這座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多問題，但離開它我感覺很糟糕?！保┛梢酝茢喑?，在此處作者暗示那不勒斯人對他們城市的感情是特別的，是非凡的，C項(xiàng)“是非凡的”正確；由此也可知，A項(xiàng)“是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的”和D項(xiàng)“引起關(guān)注”不正確；B項(xiàng)“有點(diǎn)太過了”是干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)該段那不勒斯人對自己城市的描述可以知道這種情感并不顯得很夸張。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)作者說‘如今，那些評價就沒有那么有詩意了’時，他實(shí)際上的意思是……”。文章倒數(shù)第二段講述了那不勒斯這個城市過去的輝煌和教養(yǎng)，接著最后一段第一句作者就說Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.（如今，那些評價就沒有那么有詩意了），接著就講到了那不勒斯屢屢遭受災(zāi)難和不堪的現(xiàn)狀，由此可以推知，作者說這一句話的意思是那不勒斯如今的問題已經(jīng)使得過去的輝煌暗淡模糊，D項(xiàng)“這個城市目前的問題使它輝煌的過去痕跡模糊”正確；A項(xiàng)“這個城市現(xiàn)在可以夸耀的詩人很少了”，最后兩段沒有提到詩人；B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家和作家都去了倫敦和巴黎”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“這座城市在戰(zhàn)爭期間遭受了猛烈的轟炸”這只是那不勒斯如今的問題使得過去的輝煌痕跡模糊的原因之一。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.

Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon’tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.

Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.

Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it’sonlyasloudasconversation,”saysLobel.

Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,”Lobelsays,“Well,it’slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds.”

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfishcallsaccordingtothispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“theappropriatemoment”forfishtoemitcriesofecstasymentionedinthefirstparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectinferencefromthepassage?

5.Theauthormentionedbirdcallsinthelastparagraphinorder（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon’tmakesounds

B.proveanewdiscovery

C.explainthetimewhenhamletfishmakesounds

D.demonstratethefactthatfishareromanticashumanbeings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fishcallsarecommonlyregardedasrare.

B.Someofsoundsproducedbyfisharenot