考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Mr.ObamaisthefirstpresidentsinceRichardM.Nixontobe______andelectedwhilelivinginacityneighborhood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.nominated

C.represented

D.positioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appointed“任命；約定；命令；受權(quán)處置的”；B選項(xiàng)nominated“提名……為候選人；任命的”；C選項(xiàng)represented“代表；表現(xiàn)；描寫”；D選項(xiàng)positioned“放置；確定……的位置”。句意：奧巴馬是自理查德?M?尼克松（RichardM.Nixon）以來(lái)，第一位居住在城市社區(qū)并被提名和選舉的總統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)以及D項(xiàng)都可排除，A項(xiàng)appointed的意思是“任命；委任”，指不經(jīng)過(guò)選擇的官方委任，也可排除。B選項(xiàng)nominated通常指為某一公職的候選人，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Weneedachairman（

）

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。haveconfidenceinsb/sth對(duì)某人或某事有信心。根據(jù)句子意思排除選項(xiàng)A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞是充當(dāng)從句的賓語(yǔ)，所以用whom，句意為：我們需要一個(gè)人人都對(duì)他有信心的主席。所以選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

3.單選題

Heatisnothingmorethantheenergyofatomsinmotion;so,ifyoucanslowdownatoms,youarecoolingthem（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ineffect

B.nextto

C.atrandom

D.inhand

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)ineffect“實(shí)際上；生效”；B選項(xiàng)nextto“幾乎，差不多；緊挨著”；C選項(xiàng)atrandom“胡亂地；隨便地；任意地”；D選項(xiàng)inhand“在手頭；在進(jìn)行中；在控制中”。句意：熱只不過(guò)是原子運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量；所以，如果你能使原子慢下來(lái)，你······是在給它們降溫。由句意判斷可知，此處“實(shí)際上你是在給它們降溫”與前半句“熱只不過(guò)是原子運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量”邏輯通順。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinaryperson.,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceinother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

【答案】科學(xué)研究的方法只不過(guò)是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要方式的表達(dá)；它只是對(duì)所有現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行推理并給予精確和準(zhǔn)確解釋的方式?？蒲腥藛T與普通人在思考方面的差別與下面的差別類似：如面包師或屠夫用普通的秤來(lái)秤量商品，而化學(xué)家用精密的天平和砝碼來(lái)進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的分析。關(guān)鍵不是使用的秤和天平在構(gòu)造原理和工作方式上有什么差別，而是后者是一個(gè)更精密的儀器，當(dāng)然測(cè)量結(jié)果就更準(zhǔn)確。

5.單選題

Amtrak（美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客運(yùn)量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat（）.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized（）.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.作者意圖題。本文主要講述了美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司為應(yīng)對(duì)飛機(jī)和汽車的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所采取的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，Amtrak將焦急的飛行者和旅游愛(ài)好者視為目標(biāo)群體，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行廣告的投放，最終取得一定效果。故作者的意圖是強(qiáng)調(diào)廣告的勸說(shuō)性功能在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的作用。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.然而，時(shí)代變了，汽車成為了美國(guó)方便的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而且，航空旅行很容易就成為長(zhǎng)途旅行最快的方法?！笨芍绹?guó)鐵路客運(yùn)量下降主要是由于汽車和飛機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，火車不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.它強(qiáng)調(diào)了乘坐火車所獲得的體驗(yàn)，并將西方火車旅行描述為美妙的冒險(xiǎn)?！笨芍狣DBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)火車旅行的冒險(xiǎn)性。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.這些廣告被戰(zhàn)略性地放置在以家庭為導(dǎo)向的涉及自然和美國(guó)的電視節(jié)目中，以便最有效地觸及目標(biāo)觀眾?！笨芍@些廣告投放主要是為了能讓目標(biāo)觀眾看到，而前面已經(jīng)提及目標(biāo)觀眾是travel-lovers和fliers。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)廣告展示了一些更著名的西部路線沿線可以欣賞的美麗風(fēng)景的圖片，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些火車的浪漫名字（帝國(guó)建造者等）?！笨芍蹏?guó)建造者號(hào)列車的客流量上升是源于列車的名字和廣告中宣稱的路線和風(fēng)景。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.Withtheradiationemittedbyourhouses,thearsenic(砷)inthewaterandthetoxicrayscomingoutofcellphones,itisn’treallysafetosleep,drinkortalk.

LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

AfterSept.11,2001,thousandsofpeoplesworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,theoddsofbeingkilledinaterroristincidentin2002wereonein9million.Inthatsameyear,theoddsofdyinginatrafficaccidentwereaboutonein7,000.

Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.It’safactthatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes),andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Also,althoughIhavenoproof,I’llhazardaguessthatpeoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.

LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory—andmaybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildrenarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration______.

3.Whichistheacceptedpsychologicalexplanationforpeople’sfearasmentionedinthepassage?

4.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast______.

5．Theauthorbelievesthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.waslessfussyaboutdangers

C.livedinamoredangerousworld

D.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearemoreafraidofthingstheydonotknowthanthingstheyarefamiliarwith.

B.Peoplearemoreafraidofdangersreportedinnewspapersthanthosetheyexperience.

C.Peoplearemoreafraidofflyinginanairplanethanridingatrain.

D.Peoplearemoreafraidofterroristdisastersthannaturaldisasters.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasontofearthedangerstoday

C.lifeisfullofdangers,especiallyafterthe9.11attacks

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“倒下的樹木”，B選項(xiàng)“掉落的電線”，由原文becausestreetswereblockedbyfallentrees（因?yàn)榻值辣坏瓜碌臉淠竞碗娋€堵塞了）可知，A,B選項(xiàng)是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除A,B。D選項(xiàng)“交通燈壞了”，由原文andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（一些十字路口的交通燈也不能工作。）可知，D選項(xiàng)是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除D。C選項(xiàng)“即將到來(lái)的颶風(fēng)”，由原文可知，颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，所以本題選C。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（上一代可能會(huì)在過(guò)馬路前繞著倒下的樹走，左右張望，但這一代的孩子顯然生活在一個(gè)更加危險(xiǎn)的世界里，我們需要保護(hù)他們。），說(shuō)明上一代人更懂得如何在面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)保護(hù)自己。因此D選項(xiàng)“在保護(hù)自己方面做得更好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“更知道如何避免危險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)危險(xiǎn)不那么挑剔”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“生活在一個(gè)更危險(xiǎn)的世界里”，由原文可知，是這一代的孩子生活在更危險(xiǎn)的世界里，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis…andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol（對(duì)此有一些明確的心理學(xué)解釋……人們更害怕自己無(wú)法控制的東西），說(shuō)明對(duì)恐懼的公認(rèn)心理學(xué)解釋是人們更害怕未知的無(wú)法控制的東西。因此A選項(xiàng)“人們更害怕他們不知道的東西，而不是他們熟悉的東西?！闭_。B選項(xiàng)“人們更害怕報(bào)紙上報(bào)道的危險(xiǎn)，而不是他們所經(jīng)歷的?！?，C選項(xiàng)“比起坐火車，人們更害怕坐飛機(jī)。”，D選項(xiàng)“比起自然災(zāi)害，人們更害怕恐怖主意災(zāi)難?！倍际蔷唧w的事例，而不是心理學(xué)解釋，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.（如果環(huán)顧你的社區(qū)，你會(huì)注意到水是干凈的——這在100年前不一定是干凈的，而且食物也沒(méi)有腐爛或變質(zhì)。），說(shuō)明過(guò)去的水質(zhì)沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在的好。因此B選項(xiàng)“水沒(méi)有那么干凈”正確。A選項(xiàng)“生活更令人愉快”，C選項(xiàng)“食物的味道和質(zhì)量都更好”和原文的意思相反，所以A,C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)街道更安全”，由原文LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory（普通美國(guó)人的生活比人類歷史上任何時(shí)候的任何人都要安全得多），現(xiàn)在的生活比過(guò)去更安全，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.（也許這就解釋了為什么城市官員、聯(lián)邦官員和其他所有人都覺(jué)得有義務(wù)采取可笑的預(yù)防措施來(lái)滿足公眾的需求。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為這些預(yù)防措施是可笑的，也就是說(shuō)人們面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)過(guò)激了。因此A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的人對(duì)危險(xiǎn)反應(yīng)過(guò)激了”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人們有充分的理由害怕今天的危險(xiǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“生活中充滿了危險(xiǎn)，特別是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.（現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)消除了大多數(shù)人曾經(jīng)害怕的東西，我們只是發(fā)明了新的東西來(lái)取代它們。）可知，現(xiàn)在的生活中沒(méi)有那么多危險(xiǎn)，所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“兒童應(yīng)該得到更好的保護(hù)，以避免危險(xiǎn)的發(fā)生”不符合題意，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

7.填空題

NextmonththereisanimportantscientificconferenceinBerlinthatIhaveagreedto（1）.I’mscheduledtoleaveBeijingonthe12thand（2）onthe18th.I’vebeenaskedtogivea20-（3）presentationexplainingourcurrentresearch.Ilook（4）tothisconference,（5）willgivemean（6）tomeetotherresearchersinmyfield.TheonlythingthatI’m（7）aboutismyspokenEnglish,especiallywhenIgivethepresentation.I’ve（8）acoachwhoisnowhelpingmeto（9）mypronunciationanddelivery.

【答案】1.attend

2.back

3.minute

4.forward

5.which

6.opportunity

7.worried

8.hired

9.improve

【解析】1.固定搭配。attendaconference參加會(huì)議。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)前文中的leaveBeijingonthe12th可知“onthe18th”表示“18日返回”。

3.語(yǔ)義題。a20-minutepresentation20分鐘的演講。

4.固定搭配。lookforwardto期盼,期待。

5.語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。此處為一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故填入的引導(dǎo)詞為which。

6.語(yǔ)義題。Givemeanopportunity給我提供機(jī)會(huì)。

7.固定搭配。beworriedabout為…擔(dān)心。

8.語(yǔ)義題。賓語(yǔ)acoach“教練”可以推斷出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用hire(聘請(qǐng))，由于是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故需要用hired。

9.語(yǔ)義題。improve表示“提高發(fā)音和表達(dá)”。

8.單選題

Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數(shù)目、程度、價(jià)值、實(shí)力等的減少；diminish指某事物對(duì)照原本基礎(chǔ)上數(shù)量或質(zhì)量少了很多；decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐漸衰弱的過(guò)程；reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量等，也可指級(jí)別、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，記憶力變得比原來(lái)差，因此選B。

句意：他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，有很多事情他記不清了。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish

電子郵件對(duì)我們職業(yè)生涯和個(gè)人生活的影響非同一般。相隔千里的人們可以在短短的幾秒鐘之內(nèi)發(fā)送并接受詳盡的文件資料。這就使得人們能夠以一種前所未有的方式齊心協(xié)力，共同承擔(dān)大量的工程項(xiàng)目。通過(guò)電子郵件與國(guó)外的人通信、交換文件已成為司空見慣的事情。唯一的障礙是時(shí)區(qū)的不同。

【答案】Theeffectofe-mailonourcareerandpersonallifeisextraordinary.Peoplethousandsofmileswayawayfromeachcansendandreceivedetaileddocumentswithinjustafewseconds.Thisallowpeopletoworktogetherandjointlyundertakeagreatdealofprojectsinanunprecedentedway.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetocommunicateandexchangefileswithpeopleoverseasbye-mail.Theonlyobstacleisthedifferenceintimezones.

10.單選題

Bladderwrack,atough,leatherybrownseaweed,clingstorockstenaciously.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.growsunder

B.hidesunder

C.sticksto

D.yieldsto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)growunder“在……下成長(zhǎng)”，B項(xiàng)hideunder“在……掩蓋之下”，C項(xiàng)stickto“堅(jiān)持，粘住”，D項(xiàng)yieldto“屈服，讓步”。句意：一種堅(jiān)韌的棕色海藻，頑強(qiáng)地附著在巖石上。clingsto在句中表示“附著”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Lyinghereinthesunisaverypleasantwayto（）theafternoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.giveaway

B.passaway

C.whileaway

D.fadeaway

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)giveaway“分發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)passaway“去世”；C選項(xiàng)whileaway“消磨”；D選項(xiàng)fadeaway“減弱”。句意：躺在這里曬太陽(yáng)是一種令人愉快的消磨下午時(shí)間的方式。本句表示消磨時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand（）inquality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.influential

B.inferior

C.superior

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的；有勢(shì)力的”；B選項(xiàng)inferior“差的；自卑的；下級(jí)的”；C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的；優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的，隸屬的；次要的”。句意：他們的產(chǎn)品時(shí)常定價(jià)過(guò)高且質(zhì)量很差。并列連詞and連接“定價(jià)過(guò)高的”和空格，因此空格處填入B項(xiàng)合適。

13.單選題

Ihopethatwecanagreetotakeanunifiedapproachtodealingwiththeoppositiontoourprojectproposal.Weneedtocoordinateourefforts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hopethatwecanagree

B.takeanunified

C.todealing

D.efforts

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。B項(xiàng)去掉冠詞an。takeunifiedapproach采取一致的手段。

14.單選題

Morethan85percentofFrenchCanada'spopulationspeaksFrenchasamothertongueand（

）totheRomanCatholicfaith.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.caters

B.adheres

C.ascribes

D.subscribes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。cater“迎合；提供飲食及服務(wù)”；adhere“追隨，堅(jiān)持，粘附”；ascribe“把...歸因于”;subscribes“訂閱，簽署”。句意：85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法語(yǔ)作為自己的母語(yǔ)，并且信仰天主教。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Manyproducts,includingprescriptiondrugs,areregulatedbythefederalgovernment.However,thestateshavelawsthatallowinjuredconsumerstosueamanufacturer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complain

B.charge

C.execute

D.punish

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.complain埋怨，發(fā)牢騷B.charge控告，起訴

C.execute（尤指依法）處決；實(shí)行，執(zhí)行D.punish對(duì)……判罪

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】sue的意思為“控告，提起訴訟”，這里指各州的法律允許消費(fèi)者起訴制造商，charge的詞義與之相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】許多產(chǎn)品，包括處方藥，都由聯(lián)邦政府監(jiān)管。然而，各州的法律允許權(quán)益受到侵害的消費(fèi)者起訴制造商。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，商業(yè)革命帶來(lái)了哪些變化？選項(xiàng)A“生產(chǎn)方式”；選項(xiàng)B“手工業(yè)工會(huì)的出現(xiàn)”；選項(xiàng)C“貿(mào)易量的增加”；選項(xiàng)D“貿(mào)易，銀行和生產(chǎn)方式的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)第一段第一句的內(nèi)容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.當(dāng)然，商業(yè)革命沒(méi)有限制貿(mào)易和銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。它還帶來(lái)了生產(chǎn)方式的根本性變化”，所以商業(yè)革命的影響包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的都正確，但是只是一部分的影響，不全面，所以可以排除；選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第2題:詞義辨析題。第一段中“defunct”這個(gè)單詞大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“廢棄的，已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)的”；potential“潛在的；有潛力的”；extensive“廣泛的”，我們可以根據(jù)下文來(lái)猜測(cè)這個(gè)單詞的含義，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工會(huì)本身被精通技術(shù)的人主導(dǎo)，變得自私和排他”，這句話是對(duì)“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世紀(jì)晚期，由手工工會(huì)發(fā)展而來(lái)的制造業(yè)迅速地變得“defunct”的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思應(yīng)該是obsolete，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，哪個(gè)地方的能源利用最高效？選項(xiàng)A“冶煉行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)B“煤礦業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)C“銀行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)D“紡織業(yè)”；根據(jù)文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如轉(zhuǎn)輪的發(fā)明和葡萄酒生產(chǎn)銅的方法，它們只需要以前大約一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在冶煉行業(yè)能源的使用變得十分的高效,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。作者暗示什么，選項(xiàng)A“工會(huì)制度更加高效”；選項(xiàng)B“家庭手工制是資本主義”；選項(xiàng)C“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了工會(huì)制度”；選項(xiàng)D“家庭手工制不如工會(huì)制度那么有效率”，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic盡管生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，組織基本上是資本主義”，可知家庭手工制是資本主義，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不對(duì)的？選項(xiàng)A“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了企業(yè)的發(fā)展”；選項(xiàng)B“在羊毛工業(yè)中，織布工可以把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工”；選項(xiàng)C“家庭手工業(yè)也稱為散工制”；選項(xiàng)D在這篇文章中，“呢絨商”是“企業(yè)家”的代名詞，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛產(chǎn)業(yè)的紗線會(huì)首先給紡紗工，然后傳遞給織布工”，可知并非織布工把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

17.單選題

JustasoneneedsaJ.D.tobecomealawyerinAmerica,onemustobtainaM.D.inordertoqualifyasaphysician,thoughthedegreeisnottheonlyrequirement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.JustasoneneedsaJ.D

B.aM.D

C.qualifyasa

D.thoughthedegreeisnottheonly

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】E

18.單選題

Itiswellknownthatthepopularsingerhasa/an()carinadditiontoalargehouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.incredible

C.believable

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】credible可靠的，可信的；incredible難以置信的，驚人的；believable可信的；inherent固有的，遺傳的，與生俱來(lái)的。句意：眾所周知，這位流行歌手除了有一所大房子外，還有一輛好車。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.填空題

I（1）tospeakRussianfluently,butthat’snottruenow.Infact,Icanno（2）carry

onevenasimpleconversationinthelanguage.I（3）beabletogetbackmyformerfluencyifIstayedinRussiafora（4）months.

句意:過(guò)去我能很流利地講俄語(yǔ)，但是現(xiàn)在不能了。實(shí)際上，我現(xiàn)在甚至連簡(jiǎn)單的俄語(yǔ)對(duì)話都進(jìn)行不了。如果能在俄國(guó)待幾個(gè)月，我想自己應(yīng)該可以再次流利地說(shuō)俄語(yǔ)。

【答案】1.used

2.longer

3.should

4.few

【解析】1.固定搭配。Usedto過(guò)去常常。

2.固定搭配。Nolonger再也不能。

3.語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。這里用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

4.固定搭配。Afewmonths幾個(gè)月。

20.單選題

Thepresentuniversalfearhasbeentheresultofaforwardsurgeinourknowledgeand（）ofcertaindangerousfactorsinthephysicalworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.automation

B.perception

C.manipulation

D.administration

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。automation“自動(dòng)化”；perception“感覺(jué)，看法”；manipulation“操作”；administration“管理”。句意：如今的全球恐慌是我們對(duì)物理世界中特定危險(xiǎn)因素的突破性了解和認(rèn)知的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.

TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissysoon—orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.

Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog’seggs,theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.

Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses.“Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisright,”saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy’smysteriousbillionaireowner;he’sputup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M’sresearch.

Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsuper-smart.Missy’smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”

Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevsnurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.

However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,”Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?”

1.By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.

2.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?

3.BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.

4.Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.

5.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatall

B.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpractical

C.humancloningshouldbedoneselectively

D.humancloningisafoolishundertaking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.

B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.

C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.

D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumans

B.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperament

C.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspecies

D.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclones

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.abadtemper

B.immunedeficiency

C.defectiveorgans

D.anabnormalshape

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturity

B.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspecies

C.provid