考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Themountainpeakis（）onthehorizon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.straddling

B.overlooking

C.towering

D.dominant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。straddling“跨坐”；overlooking“俯瞰”；towering“高聳的，超越的”，側(cè)重于與周圍環(huán)境形成比較；dominant“占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，顯性的”，bedominanton“占主導(dǎo)”。句意：山頂聳立在地平線上。題目中山峰沒(méi)有和周圍環(huán)境形成比較，在地平線上最顯眼。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Itisnowbelievedthatthedramaticchangesinfamilystructure,thoughregrettable,areimpossibletoreverse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensational

B.emotional

C.horrible

D.striking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽(tīng)聞的；非常好的；使人感動(dòng)的”；B選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；C選項(xiàng)horrible“可怕的；極討厭的”；D選項(xiàng)striking“顯著的，突出的，驚人的；打擊的；罷工的”。句意：人們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著變化雖然令人遺憾，但是不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)的。本句關(guān)鍵詞dramatic表示“巨大的；急劇的；引人注目的；令人激動(dòng)的；戲劇的”，在句中可和striking（顯著的）做同義替換；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandage,ourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlife,yourbodysystembegantoweaken.Yourjointmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.

Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexercisesyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescencewanttoknow:Whydopeoplegrowold?Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.

Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.

Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquickly,lifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturies,ratherthaninyears!

1.Whenpeoplebecomeaging,theywilllosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury,“bounceback”heremeans（）.

2.Inordertolivelonger,（）.

3.Whyaresomescientistsinterestedinstudyingsenescence?

4.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeofliving,because（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,“spans”means（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toimproveinhealthafterone’sdiseaseandinjury

B.torunfast

C.torecoverfromdiseaseandinjury

D.tojumpafterrecovering

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldpostponetheprocessofaging

B.weshouldtrytodosomeexercise

C.wehavetotrytobeonadiet

D.weshouldkeepinhighspirits

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theymaybeabletofindbetterwaystoourlife.

B.Iftheypindownthebiochemicalprocessthatmakesusage,therewillbehopeforextendingthelengthoflife.

C.Theywantfindoutifthereisalinkbetweenhowefficientlyacellcouldrepairitselfandhowlongacreaturelives.

D.Theywanttoincreasethegeneralabilityofourbodies.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhaveaverygoodunderstandingofthemselvesandtheoutsideworld

B.theyhavenothingtodoalldaylongonlytowatchtheirgrandchildrengrowinguparoundthem

C.theyhavecomethroughthebattleoflifesafely

D.theyconsidertheirlifehasbeenasuccessfulone

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.alongperiodoftime

B.alengthoftime

C.alongdistancefromoneplacetoanother

D.longevity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第五句“Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheir

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtoslowor

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.”他們希望通過(guò)在細(xì)胞層次上研究衰老過(guò)程，醫(yī)學(xué)可能延長(zhǎng)人們的壽命。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.”選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)原文句意：lifespans將來(lái)也許會(huì)以幾個(gè)世紀(jì)來(lái)計(jì)算，而不是以幾年來(lái)計(jì)算。由此可推斷，spans指時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itemanatedfromimaginationratherthanreason

B.itisthestoryofamovementtowardagoal

C.itdominatesothervaluesandviews

D.itiswiththoughtandmethod

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fantastic

B.dominant

C.benign

D.harmful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Humanprogresshasnothingtodowithmythologies.

B.Themythhashelpedlittleinshapingthehumanfuture.

C.TheGrandNarrativeofProgressshouldbecriticized.

D.Scienceandtechnologycanleadustoautopianfuture

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意:用神話構(gòu)思問(wèn)題能更好地從神話的角度解決問(wèn)題。也就是說(shuō),神話在解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中非常重要。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“GrandNarrativeofProgress”定位到第一段“...Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.”這是一個(gè)朝著目標(biāo)前進(jìn)的故事——成就、進(jìn)步和征服?！斑M(jìn)步大神話”之所以能實(shí)現(xiàn)是因?yàn)樗忻鞔_的目標(biāo),朝著目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.原文中“malignant”修飾shadow,而在接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容中主要描述的是“進(jìn)步大神話”的負(fù)面影響,由此可以推斷,shadow指陰影,選項(xiàng)中表示貶義的形容詞只有選項(xiàng)D,所以“malignant”指有害的。

4.根據(jù)原文第三段可知,作者對(duì)神話的態(tài)度是反對(duì)的,緊接著在第四段花大量的篇幅講述了“進(jìn)步大神話”的負(fù)面影響,由此可以推斷,作者認(rèn)為,“進(jìn)步大神話”應(yīng)該受到批評(píng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理學(xué)6.單選題

Atthepressconference,thePrimeMinister______thegovernment’srefusaltocompromisewithterrorists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectified

B.remunerated

C.reeked

D.reiterated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)rectify“改正，精餾，整流”，B項(xiàng)remunerate“酬勞，給與報(bào)酬，賠償”，C項(xiàng)reek“散發(fā)臭味，帶有令人不快（或不滿）的內(nèi)容”，D項(xiàng)reiterate“重申，反復(fù)地做”。由thegovernment’srefusaltocompromisewithterrorists“政府拒絕向恐怖分子妥協(xié)”可知，“重申”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：首相在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上重申了拒絕向恐怖分子妥協(xié)的立場(chǎng)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”，withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Theauthorintroduceshistopicintheopeningparagraphby（）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraph1）impliesthat（）.

3.Theresearcherschosefemalecapuchinmonkeysforstudyprobablybecausetheyare（）.

4.Theresearchersfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posingacontrast

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyinganassumption

D.explainingaphenomenon

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

B.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

C.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

D.attentivetoresearchers'instructions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

D.willnotbecooperativeiffeelingcheated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions

B.humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource

C.animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo

D.cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.考查寫(xiě)作手法。第一段將人與猴子之間的相似性進(jìn)行比較,說(shuō)明人會(huì)將自己與其同類進(jìn)行比較，而一項(xiàng)研究也表明猴子也存在這種現(xiàn)象。A項(xiàng)"posingacontrast"提出一個(gè)對(duì)比，但文章不止提出了對(duì)比，還進(jìn)行了分析。B項(xiàng)"makingacomparison"作對(duì)比，符合題意。contrast多用于不同事物之間的比較；而compare多用于類比，即同類事物之間的比較。C項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)假設(shè)”，第一段說(shuō)的是人與猴子的比較，而不是假設(shè)什么東西。D項(xiàng)“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”與第一段不符。故B項(xiàng)正確。、

2.判斷推理題。由于題目表面看上去是問(wèn)一個(gè)詞組的意思，實(shí)際上只有先理解“alltoohuman太具人性化的”然后才能夠理解“alltoomonkey太猴子化了”。A項(xiàng)“猴子也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒。”文章中開(kāi)篇的時(shí)候只是說(shuō)人會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)動(dòng)物也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“猴子和人一樣，也會(huì)彼此嫉妒?！边@是最大的干擾項(xiàng)，本文的主題就是要告訴大家“猴子也痛恨不公平”，故該項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容有區(qū)別。D項(xiàng)“除了猴子沒(méi)有動(dòng)物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情。”從原文并不能推斷出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)“猴子與人一樣，也會(huì)憎惡不公平”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段以及第三段一句話“Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy."研究人員研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為。他們看起來(lái)很可愛(ài)。它們性情溫和，樂(lè)于合作，總是很晚才分享食物。最重要的是，和人類女性一樣，他們往往比男性更關(guān)注“商品和服務(wù)”的價(jià)值。這些特征使他們成為布魯斯南博士和德瓦爾博士研究的完美對(duì)象。由“aboveall最重要的是”后面的內(nèi)容可知母猴更密切關(guān)注商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)值”也就是母猴權(quán)衡她們獲得的東西，該優(yōu)勢(shì)使其成為被研究對(duì)象。故C項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)文中雖有提到，但不是最重要的。AD兩項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段第二句"Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated"只有當(dāng)每只動(dòng)物都覺(jué)得自己沒(méi)有被欺騙時(shí)，這種合作才有可能是穩(wěn)定的。”由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。AB兩項(xiàng)是事實(shí)，但不是結(jié)論。D項(xiàng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤的。

5.判斷推理題。由最后一段"However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.然而，這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上獨(dú)立進(jìn)化而來(lái)的，還是來(lái)自三千五百萬(wàn)年前的共同祖先，至今仍是個(gè)未解之謎。"由此可知B項(xiàng)“人類的對(duì)不公平的憤怒起源不明”正確。ACD三項(xiàng)都無(wú)法從最后一段推斷出來(lái)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whathetoldyouisstrictly（）.Don’tletanyoneelseknowofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.secretive

B.individual

C.particular

D.confidential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；individual“個(gè)別的，獨(dú)特的”；particular“特別的，詳細(xì)的”；confidential“機(jī)密的，表示信任的”。根據(jù)下一句的內(nèi)容“不要讓其他人知曉此事”，可知他所告知的事情是機(jī)密的，對(duì)被告知人是表示信任的，所以選項(xiàng)D相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A來(lái)說(shuō)要更恰當(dāng)。

9.翻譯題

Theminiaturizationofthecomponentsofcomputerchipshasprovedunstoppable.Ineachnewgeneration,thosecomponentsaresmallerandmoretightlypackedthantheywereinitspredecessor.Progresshasbeensorapidthatchipdesignersareapproachingapparentlyfundamentalbarrierstofurtherreductionsinsizeandincreasesindensity.Oneoftheseisimposedbytheneedtowirethecomponentsinachiptogether,sothattheycanexchangesignals.But,inaminiaturizedversionoftheshifttowirelesscommunicationinthemacroscopicworld,agroupofresearchersledbyAlainNogaretoftheUniversityofBath,inEngland,thinktheycanmakechipswhosecomponentstalktoeachotherwirelessly.

Atpresent,theelectronicsthattransmitandreceivetheradiowavesusedinwirelessdevicesaretoolargetobeusedwithinindividualchips.ButDrNogaretbelieveshecanovercomethis.LastweekheandhiscolleaguesatthreeotherBritishuniversities,anotherinBelgiumandaresearchinstituteinFrancewonthemoneytotrytobuildsuchadevice.

Theresearchersintendtousethestandardlithographic（平印刷板）techniquesemployedinchipmakingtocoatasemiconductorwithmicroscopicmagnets.Thesemagnetswillgeneratelocalmagneticfieldsthatpointinoppositedirectionsatdifferentpointsonthechip'ssurface.Electronshaveapropertycalledspinthatisaffectedbymagneticfields,andtheteamhopestouseaneffectcalledinverseelectron-spinresonance（諧振）tomakeelectronspassingthroughthechipemitmicrowaves..

Thetechniquetheyareproposingisthereverseoftheprocessinmedicalmagnetic-resonanceimaging.InMRI,thepatientisplacedinastrongmagneticfieldthatcausessomeofhisbodyatomicnuclei,whichactliketinymagnetizedspinningtops,toalignthemselveswiththefield.Thenucleiarethenzappedbrieflywithasecondmagneticfieldthatknocksthemoutofalignmentwiththefirstone.Thecoilsinthescanningapparatusdetectthesemagneticchanges,whichareusedtobuildupamapofthepartofthebodybeingexamined.Afterafewseconds,thenucleithemselveswiththefield,radiatingsmallamountsofenergyasheator,morerarely,asradiowaves.

Inchips,DrNogaretproposestousethespinoftheelectronratherthanthespinoftheatomicnucleus.Electronsflowingthroughthechipwould“see”amagneticfieldthatflipsfromonedirectiontotheoppositeeveryfewhundrednanometres(billionthsofametre).ThisistheequivalentofzappingtothestationaryobjectwithanoscillatingmagneticfieldofthesortusedinMRI.Thechangingmagneticfieldwouldforcetheelectronstooscillate,too,butwouldnotallowthemtoradiateheat.Asaresult,theywouldbeforcedtoemitradiowaves—or,rather,microwaves,whicharesimilarbutofshorterwavelength.

【答案】事實(shí)證明，計(jì)算機(jī)芯片元件的小型化是不可阻擋的。每一次更新?lián)Q代，這些組件相比以前更小巧，排列更緊密。發(fā)展如此之快，使得芯片設(shè)計(jì)者在進(jìn)一步縮小元件尺寸、壓縮元件密度方面逐漸面臨一些根本性難題。其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是芯片中的組件需要用線路連接起來(lái)，以便于交換信號(hào)。不過(guò)，英國(guó)巴斯大學(xué)的阿蘭·諾加雷特領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員認(rèn)為，通過(guò)將宏觀條件下的無(wú)線通信傳輸微型化，他們可以研制出使用無(wú)線通信組件的芯片。

目前，無(wú)線設(shè)備中用來(lái)發(fā)射和接收無(wú)線電波的電子設(shè)備太大，無(wú)法在單個(gè)芯片中使用。但諾加雷特博士認(rèn)為他可以解決這一問(wèn)題。上周他和他來(lái)自另三所英國(guó)大學(xué)、一所比利時(shí)大學(xué)及一個(gè)法國(guó)研究所的同事?tīng)?zhēng)取到了一筆資金用來(lái)研發(fā)這個(gè)設(shè)備。

研究者打算使用芯片制作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平印刷板技術(shù)，將許多極小的磁鐵包被到一塊半導(dǎo)體上。這些磁鐵可產(chǎn)生局部磁場(chǎng)，從相反的方向作用于芯片表面的不同位點(diǎn)。電子具有一種自旋特性，可受磁場(chǎng)影響。研究小組希望利用一種“反電子自旋諧振”效應(yīng)，讓穿過(guò)芯片的電子發(fā)射微波。

他們提出的技術(shù)與醫(yī)學(xué)核磁共振成像的過(guò)程正好相反。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，病人被置于一個(gè)強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)，該磁場(chǎng)可讓患者機(jī)體原子核（運(yùn)動(dòng)方式類似于磁化的陀螺）順著磁場(chǎng)方向排列。然后，用第二個(gè)磁場(chǎng)短時(shí)轟擊這些原子核，使其脫離第一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)的陣列。掃描儀中的線圈探測(cè)到這些磁性變化，并由此構(gòu)建出受檢身體部位的圖譜。幾秒鐘之后，原子核沿磁場(chǎng)方向重新排列，并放射出少量熱能或者無(wú)線電波（更罕見(jiàn)）。

在芯片制作方面，諾加雷特博士提議利用電子自旋而非原子核自旋。流經(jīng)芯片的電子可以“識(shí)別”某一磁場(chǎng)，該磁場(chǎng)每隔幾百納米（十億分之一米）就變換一次方向。這相當(dāng)于核磁共振中不斷擺動(dòng)的磁場(chǎng)，令其轟擊某一靜止物體。不斷變化的磁場(chǎng)也會(huì)迫使電子振蕩，但不允許它們散射熱能。這樣一來(lái)，電子僅可發(fā)出無(wú)線電波或者更確切地說(shuō)是微波，它與無(wú)線電波類似，但波長(zhǎng)較短。

10.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactprevi-ouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：最近報(bào)道了很多案例：孩子們總是以前在電視上見(jiàn)過(guò)的暴力行為。modify修改，修飾；duplicate復(fù)制，重復(fù)；accelerate加速，促進(jìn)；stimulate刺激。B項(xiàng)duplicate在此可譯為“模仿”。

11.單選題

Theproblemhas（）simplybecauseyoudidn’tfollowmyinstruction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raised

B.risen

C.arisen

D.aroused

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。raise是及物動(dòng)詞,“提高,升起”;rise為不及物動(dòng)詞,“上升,增強(qiáng)”;arise“出現(xiàn),上升”;arouse“激發(fā),喚醒”。句意:出現(xiàn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題僅僅是因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有聽(tīng)從我的指示。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.翻譯題

中國(guó)的電影行業(yè)已經(jīng)步入了一個(gè)新階段，始于七年前的行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革使國(guó)內(nèi)票房以年均3%的驚人速度達(dá)到一個(gè)新的增長(zhǎng)水平，這在世界上也是不多見(jiàn)的。

更多的優(yōu)秀電影展現(xiàn)給了公眾，這自然會(huì)吸引越來(lái)越多的觀眾走進(jìn)電影院，也會(huì)激發(fā)投資商對(duì)該行業(yè)投資的熱情，這的確是個(gè)良性循環(huán)。中央政府已經(jīng)采取了新政策，幫助刺激國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)密切關(guān)系的建立，國(guó)產(chǎn)影片在海外的影響和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力一定會(huì)越來(lái)越大。中國(guó)也已經(jīng)承諾，將按照WTO協(xié)議進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放娛樂(lè)市場(chǎng)。

當(dāng)前，中國(guó)的電影制作人主要是自籌資金，但是新的籌資渠道正在出現(xiàn)。隨著中國(guó)金融體制的完善，越來(lái)越多的電影電視公司依靠金融機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金，同時(shí)以票房收入、版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓以及演員的個(gè)人聲望做保障。

【答案】【參考譯文】China’sfilmindustryhasenteredanewstage.Thestructurereformoffilmindustrystartingfromsevenyearsagohasincreasedthedomesticboxofficeastonishinglyinanaverageannualspeedof3%toanewlevelofgrowth,andthisisalsorareintheworld.

Anincreasingnumberofgoodmovieswillnaturallyattractmoreandmoreaudiencesintocinemaandalsostimulatetheinvestors’enthusiasmforinvestinginthisindustry,whichisindeedapositivecircle.Thecentralgovernmenthasadoptedanewpolicytostimulatethedevelopmentofthedomesticmarket.Withtheestablishmentofacloserelationshipbetweenthedomesticandinternationalmarket,theinfluenceandcompetitivenessofdomesticfilmsinoverseaswillcertainlybeincreasing.ChinahasalsopromisedtofurtheropenitsentertainmentmarketinaccordancewiththeWTOagreement.

Atpresent,theChina’sfilmmakersmainlyhavefundsraisedbythemselves,butthenewfinancingchannelsareemerging.WiththeimprovementoftheChinesefinancialsystem,moreandmorefilmandtelevisioncompaniesarerelyingonfinancialinstitutionstoraisefundsandatthesametimeusingtheboxofficeearnings,copyrighttransferandtheactor’spersonalpopularityasguarantees.

13.單選題

GeorgeGallup,Jr.,themanwhomakesand（

）hisreputation（

）knowingwhatAmericansthink,hasbroughtallhispollingstrategiestogethertoidentifyandanalyzewhathecallsfutureforces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.challenges...on

B.stakes...on

C.hazards...to

D.bets...to

【答案】B

【解析】challenge…on在……方面挑戰(zhàn)；stake…on把賭注押在……上面；hazard...to對(duì)……有危險(xiǎn)；bet不與to搭配。句意：GeorgeGallup，Jr.這個(gè)把自己的名譽(yù)押在知曉美國(guó)人想法上的人，將所有的投票策略集中到一起，以確定和分析他所說(shuō)的未來(lái)力量。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團(tuán)自愿組織提供很多社會(huì)福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報(bào)酬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格前是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此逗號(hào)后需要一個(gè)關(guān)系詞修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞“Educator,PnamaorMexico”，后面的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主要成分，因此關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，只有C選項(xiàng)where符合要求。句意：一項(xiàng)新數(shù)據(jù)表明，希望延長(zhǎng)養(yǎng)老金的退休人員可能會(huì)考慮在厄瓜多爾、巴拿馬或墨西哥度過(guò)他們的黃金歲月，因?yàn)槟抢锏纳畛杀据^低，而且天氣溫暖。

16.單選題

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。relegate“降級(jí)”；banish“放逐，驅(qū)逐”；deport“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令強(qiáng)迫離開(kāi)某國(guó)或某地”。句意：這些非法移民被抓了，并且被當(dāng)?shù)卣?qū)逐出境。此句指的是驅(qū)逐出境，故C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Ihaven’tgotthe（）ideaofwhatyoumean.Wouldyoupleasemakeitcleartome?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightest

B.furthest

C.smallest

D.faintest

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lightest最輕的，最亮的；furthest最遠(yuǎn)的，最大程度的；smallest最小的；faintest一點(diǎn)也不的，極小的。由下文“你能說(shuō)清楚一些嗎？”可推知前面“我沒(méi)有弄懂你說(shuō)的意思”，故D項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pompous“自大的，浮夸的，華而不實(shí)的”，B項(xiàng)permissible“可允許的，獲得準(zhǔn)許的”，C項(xiàng)adoptive“采用的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”，D項(xiàng)complacent“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”。由修飾time的定語(yǔ)從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個(gè)人，而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允許的”符合句意。句意：對(duì)于任何一種社交場(chǎng)合，都有一個(gè)允許的時(shí)間，你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對(duì)方。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.emergent

C.obsolete

D.nostalgic

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。efficient“有效率的”；emergent“緊急的”；obsolete“過(guò)時(shí)的”；nostalgic“懷舊的”。句意：新的科技使傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和方法漸漸過(guò)時(shí)了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.

B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.

C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.

B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.

C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.

D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.

B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.

C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.

D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.

AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.

Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.

SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrep