考研考博-英語-四川藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Manycountriesarefacingthequestionofhowto（

）thebestofmodemtechnologywithoutlosingthebenefitsoftheirtraditionalwayoflife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assimilate

B.utilize

C.extinguish

D.elude

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Assimilate“同化”；utilize“利用”；extinguish“熄火，壓制”；elude“避開，逃避”。句意：許多國家都面臨著如何在不喪失其傳統(tǒng)生活方式的好處的情況下，充分利用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,

IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.

TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.

Yoursrespectfully

ZhangPing

3.單選題

Themayorwasaskedto（

）hisspeechinordertoallowtheaudiencetoraisequestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。constrain意為“強(qiáng)制，限制”；conduct意為“組織”；condense意為“精簡，壓縮（文字、信息等）”；converge意為“匯集，聚集”。

句意：市長被要求壓縮他的演講，以便讓聽眾可以提問。

4.填空題

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改為discouraging

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】discouraged的意思為“沮喪的，氣餒的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思為“使人沮喪的，令人氣餒的”，指的是某個(gè)事物令人沮喪，這里指的是倒數(shù)第一這件事令人沮喪，因此D部分應(yīng)為“discouraging”。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為把學(xué)生按成績分班有很多弊端。這沒有考慮到兒童發(fā)展的速度不同這一事實(shí)。這對聰明的孩子和不那么聰明的孩子都有消極的影響。畢竟，在高手如云的班級中倒數(shù)第一這件事，相當(dāng)令人沮喪！

5.單選題

Onetheoryaboutintelligenceseeslanguageasthelogicalstructureunderlyingthinkingandinsiststhatsinceanimalsaremute,theymustbemindlessaswell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inactive

B.cooperative

C.unintelligent

D.brutal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：有一種關(guān)于智力的理論認(rèn)為語言是思維的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，堅(jiān)稱既然動物不會說話，那么它們也一定是沒有頭腦的。A選項(xiàng)inactive“不活躍的”；B選項(xiàng)cooperative“合作的”；C選項(xiàng)unintelligent“愚蠢的，不聰明的”；D選項(xiàng)brutal“殘忍的，野蠻的”。mindless意為“愚蠢的，沒有頭腦的”，選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近，代入符合語境。

6.單選題

Thepolice[A]haddecidednottoproceedwithaprosecutionagainstIrwin,[B]clearlyrecognizingthatitwashighlyunlikelythatanyjuryintheland[C]wouldwishtopunishhimfordoingsomethingthatdoctorshavelongdoneinthefinalmomentsofa[D]patient’sorfriend’slives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haddecided

B.clearlyrecognizing

C.wouldwish

D.patient’sorfriend’slives

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞用法。D選項(xiàng)處apatient’s和afriend’s中間是or，因此后面的life為單數(shù)形式，應(yīng)把lives改為life。

7.單選題

Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.under-questioned

B.out-space

C.overestimated

D.skyrocketed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。under-question“在受盤問中”；out-space是名詞，意思是“外部空間”；overestimate“對……估計(jì)過高”；skyrocket“飛漲；猛漲”。While前后是對比關(guān)系，前面提到“這個(gè)國家的生產(chǎn)下降”，因此后面是表示“價(jià)格和失業(yè)率在上升”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(傳播者)ofthenews,informationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghavenotonlyshapedtelevisionbutourperception(感覺)aswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Theword“put”（2ndsentenceof2ndPara.）couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.expressed

B.asked

C.placed

D.inserted

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicsimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewersaregrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章第一段講到電視將改變我們的生活和我們的世界，接下來講述了電視在當(dāng)今社會所扮演的角色。所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

2.語義題。根據(jù)前后文可知，verysimplyput可以理解為“簡單地說”，這里的put意為“表達(dá)”，所以本題選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.”可知選項(xiàng)A和B正確；根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確，而選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。原文指轉(zhuǎn)換成相同的圖像，而不是把一種圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種圖像。所以本題選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroups”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.”我們的娛樂來源于顯像管，在這個(gè)靜態(tài)的媒體面前扮演著被動的觀看者的角色。選項(xiàng)A換了一種方式表達(dá)，也是符合原文的。

9.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么？

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富（tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry），第二段講到鐵路對工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用（movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads），第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式（emergingmodesofproduction），第四段講到美國工業(yè)化期間的勞動力（Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways）和資金來源（Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion）。綜上所述，本文以工業(yè)化為中心，闡述了影響工業(yè)化發(fā)展的因素，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國鐵路的歷史”和D選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”：文中沒有提到具體的工業(yè)中心，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者為什么提到“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”（第二段）？

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困難。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句，該處講到“鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張（railwaynetworkexpanded），直到（until）美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)連接著（connecting）所有重要的原材料來源地、它們的制造地點(diǎn)和配送中心?！保芍@里的蜘蛛網(wǎng)形容鐵路網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，連接著各個(gè)地點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗”：對應(yīng)第二段最后一句“鐵路對工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)（contributedtotheindustrialgrowth），不僅（notonly）因?yàn)樗B接了這些主要的中心，而且（butalso）因?yàn)樗旧硪蚕牧舜罅康娜剂?、鐵和煤。”，這里表達(dá)的是鐵路對工業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)，而非被稱為蜘蛛網(wǎng)的原因，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”和D選項(xiàng)“描述原材料分配的困難”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根據(jù)文章，誰是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者？

A.Railwayworkers.A.鐵路工人。

B.Farmers.B.農(nóng)民。

C.Europeans.C.歐洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句，該處講到“工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品（Theproductsofthefactories）迅速被不斷發(fā)展的城市所接收（growingcities），工人和商人以此謀生?！?，可知消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品最多的是城市居民，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”：對應(yīng)第四段第一句“修建鐵路（builttherailways）的勞動力（labor）部分來自美國的農(nóng)場地區(qū)”，這里是說鐵路工人原本是農(nóng)民，而不是說鐵路工人消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”：農(nóng)民是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者，而不是消費(fèi)者，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”：對應(yīng)第三段最后一句“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），但仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（surpluses）銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）?！?，可知銷往歐洲工業(yè)中心的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是小部分，而不是大部分，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?關(guān)于19世紀(jì)的美國農(nóng)民，下列哪項(xiàng)不正確？

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他們把食物賣給歐洲國家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他們無法為城市地區(qū)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心?！?，可知他們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┝俗銐虻氖澄?，還有剩余的可以用來出口，和文章內(nèi)容不符，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作”：對應(yīng)第四段第一句“美國農(nóng)場地區(qū)的人被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械取代（Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery）”，機(jī)器代替人做農(nóng)活，做農(nóng)活的人由此失業(yè)，符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力”：對應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)又被新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用所提高（moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery）”，可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們把食物賣給歐洲國家”：對應(yīng)第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）。”，可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

10.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，讓員工快樂的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪者認(rèn)為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項(xiàng)“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“獲得有競爭力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個(gè)最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項(xiàng)“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應(yīng)該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問在接受調(diào)查的人中，對工作感到不快樂的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪者認(rèn)為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪者則認(rèn)為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項(xiàng)“20%”正確。B選項(xiàng)“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項(xiàng)“31%”錄音中沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“73%”的對象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個(gè)有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點(diǎn)是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機(jī)構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“充滿熟練工人的公司”；B選項(xiàng)“管理得當(dāng)?shù)墓尽焙虲選項(xiàng)“由女性經(jīng)營的公司”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個(gè)小時(shí)的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因?yàn)榧媛毴藛T的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項(xiàng)中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們可以贏得工作上的認(rèn)可”是對工作幸福感最不重要的兩個(gè)影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無關(guān)，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項(xiàng)“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此也可排除。

11.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful（

）inthemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.batteries

B.bargains

C.baskets

D.barrels

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些人喜歡在星期天購物,因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ谑袌錾腺I到物美價(jià)廉的東西。bargains做名詞表示特價(jià)商品。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

Romanliteratureneverceasedto（）influenceintheMiddleAges,andthisinfluencebecamemuchgreaterinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturieswhenmoreRomanworksbecameknown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exert

B.practice

C.resist

D.stage

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。exert“運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮，施以影響”；practice“練習(xí)”；resist“拒絕”；stage“舉行，上演”。句意：羅馬文學(xué)在中世紀(jì)的影響從未停止，這種影響在14和15世紀(jì)，當(dāng)更多的羅馬作品被了解后，這種影響變得更大。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed，buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?（

）

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?（

）

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat（

）.

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,緊接著后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分別對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，C，D，只有選項(xiàng)A沒有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主義的策略就是創(chuàng)造一種和實(shí)際并不相符的恐懼氛圍。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。選項(xiàng)D與第六段第四句重現(xiàn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：這種威脅的隨機(jī)性和普遍性給人的印象是其破壞能力大大增強(qiáng)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%

discount.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceeding

B.reducing

C.proceeding

D.promoting

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.exceeding超過（數(shù)量）B.reducing減少

C.proceeding開始；繼續(xù)做D.promoting促進(jìn)；提升

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：對所有1000美元的訂單，我們可以給0.5%的折扣。分號后面的折扣更大，應(yīng)該指如果是更多美元的訂單，我們給出的折扣更多。應(yīng)該選A.exceeding超過，表示更多。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】所有1000美元的訂單，我們可以給0.5%的折扣。超過2000美元的訂單須加2%的折扣。

15.單選題

Thebehaviorofgasesisexplainedby______thekinetictheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatscientistscall

B.whatdoscientistscall

C.scientiststheycall

D.scientistscallit

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。此題介詞by后需要加一個(gè)名詞性的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是一個(gè)完整的句子，故排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)的what代表的是科學(xué)家們常說的運(yùn)動學(xué)理論，符合語法規(guī)則；B項(xiàng)是多了do，構(gòu)成了疑問句，不符合語法。句意：氣體的行為可以用科學(xué)家所謂的動力學(xué)理論來解釋。故正確答案為A。

16.單選題

Youwillgettothechurchmorequicklyifyoutakethis（）acrossthefields.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.track

B.passage

C.method

D.journey

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)track“軌道，足跡，小道”；B選項(xiàng)passage“走廊，通道”；C選項(xiàng)method“方法”；D選項(xiàng)journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿著這條小路穿過田野，到教堂會快一些。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

17.單選題

Competentresearcherscitethemostauthoritativesource,butwhatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield.Notetheauthoritieswhomresearchersinyourfieldcitemostoften,whatprocedurestheytrust,whatrecordstheyregularlycite.Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.Thereareon-lineelectroniceditionsofShakespearesosloppilyeditedthatusingthemwouldlabelyouasincompetent.

Whenstudentsareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysourcesscholarlyjournalsandbooks——theyoftenresorttotertiarysources:textbooks,articlesinencyclopedias,mass-circulationpublications.Ifthesearetheonlysourcesavailable,sobeit,butneverassumethattheyareauthoritative.Beespeciallycautiousaboutbooksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.Authorswhowritefortheordinaryreaderaboutbrainsorblackholesareusuallycompetent,sometimesdistinguishedresea