考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic（流行?。﹐fsleepinessinthenation．“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David．Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest．

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（lack）crisescanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago．Fromdiaryentriesandourpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight．“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock．“Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David．“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyenergetic.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday．Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprograms．“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouneedonly5.5hours’sleep．Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition．”

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier．“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr．David．“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate．”

1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiessleptabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad（）．

2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans（）.

3.ManyAmericansbelievethat（）.

4.Theword“subjects”（firstsentence,lastparagraph）refersto（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto（）.

問題1選項

A.nodriveandambition

B.noelectriclighting

C.thebestsleephabits

D.nothingtodointheevening

問題2選項

A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

問題3選項

A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition

問題4選項

A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C.peoplewhosebehaviorsorreactionsarebeingstudied

D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

問題5選項

A.improveone’smemorydramatically

B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C.maintainone’sdailyschedule

D.feelingenergeticandperformadequately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（lack）crisescanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago．“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.我們的睡眠不足危機可以追溯到一個世紀前燈泡的發(fā)明?！白詈玫乃吡晳T曾經(jīng)是我們被迫養(yǎng)成的，那時我們晚上在農(nóng)場里無所事事，而且很黑?！笨芍?8世紀和19世紀人們每晚睡9.5小時的主要原因是沒有電燈。故B項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David．“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyenergetic.人們會在睡覺這方面欺騙自己，而且他們自己都沒有意識到?！贝笮l(wèi)博士說?！八麄冋J為自己沒問題，因為他們可以工作6.5個小時，而實際上他們需要7.5、8個小時甚至更多的時間才能感到精力充沛?！笨芍狣avid認為美國人忽視了自己的睡眠問題。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprograms．每當來自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時，許多人都認為睡覺是他們生活中最廉價的事情?！笨芍绹撕苊r會首先犧牲睡眠時間。故A項正確。

4.詞義題。由最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,為了確定睡眠不足的后果，研究人員對受試者進行了一系列心理和表現(xiàn)測試，”可知subject指代研究中受試者的心理反應(yīng)和其他表現(xiàn)。故A項正確。

5.推理判斷題。本文第二段提到了由于睡眠不足導(dǎo)致的精力不充沛，最后一段的實驗指出睡眠不足的人各方面的表現(xiàn)也不好。故充足睡眠才能保證體力充沛，表現(xiàn)良好。故D項正確。

2.單選題

Beforeyoucanmakeafreshfruitsalad,youmustbuy（）.

問題1選項

A.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeachesarenecessary

B.orangesandbananasandpineapplesandpeaches

C.orangesandbananasandotherfruits.Suchaspineapplesandpeaches

D.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeaches

【答案】D

【解析】考查并列謂語辨析。A選項arenecessary成分贅余，可排除。B選項and用法使用錯誤，可排除。C選項and用法錯誤，也可排除。句意：在你做新鮮水果沙拉之前，你必須先買……。結(jié)合句意，D選項and用法準確，符合句意，因此答案為D選項。

3.單選題

Ipersonallyamoffendedbywhattheyhavetriedtodoinaverymisleadingwaywith,whatI'vesaidabouttwoofmypersonal_______,PresidentKennedyandDr.MartinLutherKingJr.

問題1選項

A.resemblance

B.statues

C.icons

D.parable

【答案】C

【解析】resemblance相似之處;statue雕像;icon偶像,崇拜對象;parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我個人而言,我對他們試圖以一種非常具有誤導(dǎo)性的方式對待肯尼迪總統(tǒng)和馬丁?路德?金博士的事感到很憤怒,而我講過這兩個人是我的偶像。選項C符合句意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese

ThereisonelastquestionImustdealwithinthischapter.Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral?Anotherwayofputtingtheproblemisasfollows:Isthereanyclearfoundationorbasisformorality—cananyreasonsbefoundforhumanbeingstobegoodanddorightactsratherthanbebadanddowrongacts?

Alloftheargumentsputfortharecompellingandvalidtosomeextent,providedthatfreequestioningofthemoralprescriptionsthattheyhaveestablishedorthattheysupportisallowedandencouraged.Ihavealreadypointedoutsomeofthedifficultiesassociatedwithestablishingareligiousbasisformorality,butproblemsexistwiththeothertwoargumentsaswell.（1）

Theself-interestargumentcanbeaproblemwhenotherinterestsconflictwithit:oftenitisdifficulttoconvincesomeonewhoseesobviousbenefitsinactingimmorallyinaparticularsituationthatitisinhisorherself-interesttodootherwise.Moralityestablishedbytraditionandlawisproblematicbecauseitisdifficultbothtochangeandtoquestionsuccessfully.Thislackofquestioningsometimesencouragesblindobediencetheimmoralpractices.Itencouragesthebeliefthatbecausesomethinghasbeendoneacertainwayforhundredsofyears,itmustberight.

（2）Arethereanyotherreasonswecangiveastowhyhumanbeingsshouldbemoral?Ifweexaminehumannatureasempiricallyandrationallyaswecan,wediscoverthatallhumanbeingshavemanyneeds,desires,goals,andobjectivesincommon.Forexample,peoplegenerallyseemtoneedfriendship,love,happiness,freedom,peace,creativity,andstabilityintheirlives,notonlyforthemselvesbutforothers,too.（3）

Itdoesn’ttakemuchfurtherexaminationtodiscoverthatinordertosatisfytheseneeds,peoplemustestablishandfollowmoralprinciplesthatencouragethemtocooperatewithoneanotherandthatfreethemfromfearthattheywilllosetheirlives,bemutilated,orbestolenfrom,liedto,cheated,severelyrestricted,orimprisoned.

Itismycontention,then,thatmoralityhascomeaboutbecauseofhumanneedsandthrougharecognitionoftheimportanceoflivingtogetherinaco-operativeandsignificantway.Iamnottryingtosuggestthatallhumanbeingscanbeconvincedthattheyshouldbemoral,oreventhatitwillalwaysbeineachindividual’sself-interesttobemoral.Idobelieve,however,thatthequestion“Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral”generallycanbestbeansweredbythestatementthatadheringtomoralprinciplesenableshumanbeingstolivetheirlivesaspeacefully,happily,creatively,andmeaningfullyasispossible.

Also,asImentionedwhendiscussinglawandmorality,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseintheteachingofethicsinlawschools.Thesametypesofcourseshavebeenestablishedatmedicalschools,andtherehasbeenanincreaseinbioethicsandotherethicscommitteesinhospitalsandvariousbusinesses.Forexample,JamesO’Toolehasbeenconductingvalues-basedleadershipseminarsforCEOsandothermanagersinbusiness.Onemightask.“Doesthismeanthatwearebecomingmoreethical,orthatwewillbe,astheseethicsbegintofilterdowntothegeneralpopulace?”Certainlyitisadmirablethatsomanyevenpoliticians—areinterestedinvaluesandinimprovingtheethicallevelinAmerica.Mymajorconcerniswithhowsuperficialallofthisis,especiallyasitcomesfrompoliticianstryingtogetelected.Idon’tdoubtthatsomeofthesepoliticiansaresincere,butsome-timesIwonderwhosevaluestheywishtoimpose,andalsoIwonderhowmuchtraininganyofthesepeoplehavehadinethics.

（4）Yetregardlessofhowpopular,superficiallyornot,ethicsmaybecome,itcertainlyshouldbethemostimportantaspectofyourlife.Afterall,whatcouldbemoreimportantthanlearninghowtolivemoreethicallyandimprovingthequalityofyourlifeandthelivesofothersaroundyou?AsAlbertEinsteinsaid,“Themostimportanthumanendeavoristhestrivingformoralityinouractions.Ourinnerbalanceandevenourveryexistencedependonit.Onlymoralityinouractionscangivebeautyanddignitytolife.”

（5）Moralitydealsbasicallywithhumansandhowtheyrelatetootherbeings,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itdealswithhowhumanstreatotherbeingssoastopromotemutualwelfare,growth,creativity,andmeaningandtostriveforwhatisgoodoverwhatisbadandwhatisrightoverwhatiswrong.

【答案】1.當與他人利益發(fā)生沖突時，利己主義的觀點就會成為一個問題：在某特定情形下，若不按道德行事，某人會明顯受益，因此，往往很難說服此人遵守道德規(guī)范對他或她有益。

2.至于人類為何需要遵守道德規(guī)范，我們還能給出其他的理由嗎？如果我們能夠盡可能地憑借經(jīng)驗或理性審視人性，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有人類都有很多相似的需求、欲望、目標和目的。

3.不需要進一步調(diào)查就能發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類為了滿足這些需求，必須樹立和遵循道德規(guī)范。這會鼓勵他們與他人進行合作，幫助他們擺脫可能會喪命、致殘，或者遭他人偷竊、撒謊、欺騙、嚴重地受限制或囚禁等帶來的恐懼。

4.然而無論倫理是否受歡迎或者膚淺，它可能成為，也一定應(yīng)是你的生活中最重要的一面。畢竟，學(xué)習如何更符合倫理道德地生活，以及改善你的以及身邊人的生活質(zhì)量，難道還有比這更重要的事嗎？

5.道德主要是關(guān)于人，以及他們與其他人或人類以外其他事物之間的關(guān)系。它涉及人類如何對待其他人或物，從而促進共同的福利、發(fā)展、創(chuàng)造力和意義，以及為了好戰(zhàn)勝壞和正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡而努力。

5.單選題

______totellusthattheinterestoftheindividualshouldbesubordinatetothatofthecollective?

問題1選項

A.Wereyouused

B.Areyouused

C.Didyouuse

D.Doyouused

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：你不是經(jīng)常告訴我們個人的利益應(yīng)該從屬于集體的利益嗎？sb.usedtodo“某人過去常常做某事”，其一般疑問句為didsb.usetodo；sb.beusedto(doing)sth.“習慣于（做）某事”，其一般疑問句為be動詞提前；beusedtodosth.“被用來做某事”。結(jié)合語境，這里指的是過去常常告訴我們某事，C選項Didyouuse符合題意。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Thehealthadministrativedepartmentofacitywithdistrictsshalldesignateatleastone（）medicalinstitutiontotakeandtreatAIDSvictimsandAIDSviruscarriers.

問題1選項

A.illegible

B.legible

C.eligible

D.ineligible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項illegible“字跡模糊的”；B選項legible“清晰的”；C選項eligible“合格的，符合條件的”；D選項ineligible“不合格的”。句意：設(shè)區(qū)的市衛(wèi)生行政部門應(yīng)當指定至少一家符合條件的醫(yī)療機構(gòu)，接收和治療艾滋病患者和艾滋病病毒攜帶者。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

IlookedatMumandthought（

）shewasasniceasshelookedmaybeallourliveswouldhavebeenbetter.

問題1選項

A.onlyif

B.ifonly

C.evenif

D.eventhough

【答案】B

【解析】考察固定搭配。onlyif只有；evenif=eventhough即使；ifonly“要是……就”；句意為：我注視著母親，心想：要是她像看上去那么和藹可親就好了，這樣我們的生活也許會變得更好。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Humble（）itmaybe,thereisnoplacemorelikehome.

問題1選項

A.although

B.as

C.how

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句子用了倒裝，把形容詞提前到句首，只有as或者though有這個用法，although沒有。as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞，副詞，分詞，實義動詞提前）例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，強調(diào)表語humble。句意：盡管這里是簡陋的，但是沒有一個地方比它更像家。所以本題選擇B選項正確。

9.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問題1選項

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.contracts（使）收縮，縮小B.reduces減少；降低

C.condenses（由氣體）冷凝，（使氣體）凝結(jié)D.compresses（被）壓緊，壓縮

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞cooler（變冷），結(jié)合常識可知，熱脹冷縮，所以空格處表示“縮小”，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項不符合句意；

D項是指由于外力的壓縮造成的，不符合語境。

【句意】熱金屬一開始變冷就收縮。

10.單選題

Duringtheelectioncampaign,thepartyvowedto______environmentalconsiderationsintoallitspolicies.

問題1選項

A.associate

B.unite

C.incorporate

D.combine

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項associate“聯(lián)系”；B選項unite“（與某人或集體）聯(lián)結(jié)；聯(lián)合”，uniteindoingsth.；C選項incorporate“將……包括在內(nèi)；使并入”，osth.；D選項combine“結(jié)合；組合”，combinesth.withsth.。句意：在競選期間，該黨鄭重宣告將環(huán)境因素______其所有政策。根據(jù)語境和單詞用法，C選項incorporate“將……包括在內(nèi)；使并入”符合題意，意思是指政策將包含環(huán)境方面的問題。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.

ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsarecareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertainties,introducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmaritalbreakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.

Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage一tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesinthenearfuture.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.

Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1998and1999havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2010.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirationwillexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthenewcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrol,thenewsisencouraging.

1.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis（）.

2.Thesentence“Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive”impliesthat（）.

3.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis（）.

4.Thepopulationinthenewcentury,accordingtothewriter,（）.

問題1選項

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women’sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

問題2選項

A.foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensive

B.pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetime

C.toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobs

D.socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive

問題3選項

A.birthcontrol

B.thedesiretoseekfortuneincities

C.theinstabilityofmarriage

D.thechangedplaceofwomen

問題4選項

A.willbesmallerthanafewyearsago

B.willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpect

C.willprovetobeathreattotheworld

D.willnotcontinueasseriousaproblemasexpected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:...providefreelaborforchildraising.”美國出生率受到婦女解放的影響:一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費的勞動力了。選項B符合原文。

2.信息推斷題。上一句提到，一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費的勞動力了。由此可以推斷，撫養(yǎng)孩子從零成本似乎變成了高成本，是因為女性為了撫養(yǎng)孩子而放棄高薪工作所付出了昂貴的代價，這里并不是說撫養(yǎng)孩子的成本高。所以選項C符合原文。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Alongwiththem...inEuropeinthe19thcentury.”社會流動性，以及在城市里發(fā)展提升的抱負，是19世紀歐洲出生率下降的一個主要因素。選項B符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，目前富裕的國家由于婦女地位改變而人口趨于穩(wěn)定，為世界其他地區(qū)樹立了榜樣，工業(yè)社會也將蔓延到貧窮國家，所有的這些都將導(dǎo)致新世紀的人口比幾年前的要少。潛在意思是說，新世紀的人口問題不會像預(yù)期的那樣嚴重。選項D相對于選項A來說，更為恰當。

12.單選題

MarcHooper,notlongpromotedtoCEOofconfectionerygiantSpartanKetley(SK),isverydifferentfromhispredecessors.Heisacorporatelawyerbytraining,andhisbackgroundhasclearlyshapedhismanagementstyle.Hewastaughtthatnoworkshouldgouncheckedandthatnostatementcangooutwithouteverythingbeingfullydefined.”Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyHooper,withlittlemarketingexperience,wasnotatthetopofmarketobservers’listsforthejob.Buthereheis,justoverayearintotheroleandseeminglyontopofthings.

EducatedatHarvardUniversity,Hooperstartedhiscareerwithwell-knownNewYorkconsultantsCox&Leight(C&L),andbecameaspecialistinmergersandacquisitions.ItwasatremendoustraininggroundandIcouldhavestayedinmergersandacquisitionsIfoundtheworkinteresting.Butanotheropportunitypresenteditself:SKofferedhimajobasgeneraladvisor.HooperknewSKwellbecauseC&LwasitsmainNewYorkconsultancyfirmandHooperlookedafteritsaccount.

HooperlikedSKandwhentheycamecalling,severalfactorsweighedonhismind.“IadmiredSKandthoughtitwouldbeagreatplacetowork.C&LhadtoldmeIwasonlyfiveyearsthroughaten-yearjourneytobecomeapartner.Also,forthreeyearsinarowmypayatC&Lhadstayedthesame.Finally,Iwasworkingverylonghoursinalarge,impersonalofficeanditseemedlikeanintelligentlifestyledecisiontotakeajobwithadifferentcompany.

HooperbecameestablishedatSK,andsoonfeltreadyforahigherposition,butwastoldthatnoonecouldgetonatSKunlesstheyhadbeeninsalesandmarketing.Ihadtomakeamove,“saysHooper.”Itookarisk;IbecameheadofmarketinginEurope.Infact,thiswasasidewaysmove-notformoremoneybuttoaddtohisknowledgeandtofurtherhiscareer.Thefirstchallengewasthathefoundhimselfinchargeof25brightyoungmarketingpeople.“Ihadtoworkhardtokeepup,”headmits.

Throughout,hehasremainedfocused,hiseyealwaysonthemainprize.HiselevationtoCEO,hesays,isproofofSKSinclusiveness.“Wearealwaysopentopeoplewithfreshideas,asCEOIsupportanyonewhoiswillingtotakeachanceandwhowantstostretchthemselves.Ifyouarekeentodevelopandproveyoucansucceed,thiscompanywillprovidethechallengeyouneed.”Andinlinewiththisphilosophy,Hooperisnotanautocraticleaderhisstyleistoconsult,toseekadvice,thentoact.

1.ThechoiceofMareHooperasSpartanKetley’sCEOwassurprisingbecause______.

2.WhatdoesHoopersayabouthisfirstjob?

3.OneofthereasonsforHooperleavingCoxandLeightwas______.

4.AftersometimeatSpartanKetley,Hooperchangeddepartmentsbecause______.

5.HoopersaysthathispolicyasCEOisto______.

問題1選項

A.heknewmoreaboutlawthanmarketing

B.hehadlittleexperienceofstrategicplanning

C.hehadbeenwiththecompanyforashorttime

D.heintendedtotakethecompanyinadifferentdirection

問題2選項

A.Heregardedthejobasameanstoamoreinterestingcareer

B.Hegainedusefulskillswhilehewaswiththecompany.

C.Hefoundthathiseducationpreparedhimwellforthejob.

D.Heenjoyedworkingforsuchaprestigiouscompany.

問題3選項

A.hehadnochanceofbecomingapartner

B.hewasnothappywiththeworkingconditions

C.hewantedtomovetoaworkplaceinadifferentarea.

D.hefeltitwasimportanttochangejobseveryfewyears

問題4選項

A.hedidnotfindhiscurrentjobfinanciallyrewardingenough

B.hewantedtohaveexperienceofworkinginEurope

C.itwasanopportunitytoworkwithyoungpeople

D.itimprovedhischancesofpromotion

問題5選項

A.developasenseofcompetitionwithinhisworkforce

B.trainpeopletobecomeproficientinawiderangeofskills

C.hirestaffwhoarenotafraidtomakeimportantdecisions

D.encourageemployeestobeinnovativeintheirapproachtowork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyHooper,withlittlemarketingexperience,wasnotatthetopofmarketobservers’listsforthejob.（法律世界教會你以一種綜合的方式思考，將不同的觀點結(jié)合在一起，形成一個戰(zhàn)略Hooper，因為幾乎沒有營銷經(jīng)驗，所以不是市場觀察人士對該工作的首選。）A選項“他的法律知識比市場營銷知識多”，文章第一段提到，他是一位企業(yè)律師，并且沒有營銷策略，因此A選項正確。B選項“他幾乎沒有戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的經(jīng)驗”，文章只是說他沒有營銷策略，因此B選項可排除。C選項“他在公司待了一段時間”，這并不能成為馬瑞?胡珀擔任首席執(zhí)行官令人驚訝的原因，可排除C選項。D選項“他打算使公司朝著不同的方向發(fā)展”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除D選項。因此A選項為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中第四句ItwasatremendoustraininggroundandIcouldhavestayedinmergersandacquisitionsIfoundtheworkinteresting.（那是一個巨大的訓(xùn)練場地，我本可以繼續(xù)從事并購工作，我發(fā)現(xiàn)那份工作很有趣。）選項A“他把這份工作看作是通向更有趣的事業(yè)一種手段”，符合文章內(nèi)容，他認為這份工作很有趣，A選項正確。選項B“他在公司期間獲得了有用的技能”，文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“他發(fā)現(xiàn)他所受的教育使他能勝任這項工作”，文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“他很喜歡在如此著名的公司工作”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，都可排除。因此A選項為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第三段第三句C&LhadtoldmeIwasonlyfiveyearsthroughaten-yearjourneytobecomeapartner.（C&L曾告訴我，我要經(jīng)過10年的努力才能成為合伙人。）因此可推測，Hooper所在公司的晉升條件過高。B選項“他對工作條件不滿意”，符合題意，B選項正確。A選項“他沒有機會成為合伙人”，這里說他十年努力能夠成為合伙人，因此A選項排除。C選項“他想搬到一個不同地區(qū)的工作場所”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“他覺得每隔幾年換一份工作很重要”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段第五句Infact,thiswasasidewaysmove-notformoremoneybuttoaddtohisknowledgeandtofurtherhiscareer.（事實上，這是一種橫向移動—不是為了更多的錢，而是為了增加他的知識和進一步發(fā)展他的事業(yè)），由此可推測，他是為了一個好的事業(yè)，才選擇換部門。D選項“這增加了他晉升的機會”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項正確。A選項“他覺得目前的工作在經(jīng)濟上的回報不夠”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項“他想有在歐洲工作的經(jīng)驗”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“這是一個和年輕人一起工作的機會”，文章只是說他要努力工作才能趕上年輕人，可排除C選項。因此D選項為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句asCEOIsupportanyonewhoiswillingtotakeachanceandwhowantstostretchthemselves.（作為首席執(zhí)行官，我支持任何愿意碰碰運氣、想拓展自己的人。因此可推測Hooper作為首席執(zhí)行官，會鼓勵員工拓展自己，革新自己。）D選項“鼓勵員工在工作方式上創(chuàng)新”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項正確。A選項“在員工中培養(yǎng)競爭意識”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項“培訓(xùn)人們，使他們精通各種技能”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“雇傭那些敢于做出重要決定的員工”，文章所說“如果你渴望發(fā)展并證明你能成功，本公司將提供你所需要的挑戰(zhàn)”，因此C選項不符合句意，可排除。因此D選項為正確答案。

13.單選題

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（）.

問題1選項

A.boundaries

B.restraints

C.confinements

D.limitations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項boundaries“邊界，界限”；B選項restraints“限制，禁止”；C選項confinements“監(jiān)禁”；D選項limitations“局限性，（限制）因素”。句意：盡管計算機有許多優(yōu)點，但它決不是沒有（）。通過題干可以看出這里表達的意思是“計算機雖然優(yōu)點很多，但是也會有局限性”，因此D選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Itisobviousthatthisapplicabletoeveryonewithout______.

問題1選項

A.exception

B.excision

C.modification

D.substitution

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.exception一般情況以外的人（或事物）；例外B.excision切除；刪除

C.modification改進；改變D.substitution代替；替換

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息applicabletoeveryone（適用于每一個人）可知，每個人都適用，也就是說沒有一個例外，withoutexception是常見用法，表示“無例外地，全部”，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】顯然，這適用于每個人，無一例外。

15.單選題

Theyhavehadagoodharvestforthreeyearsin______.

問題1選項

A.line

B.end

C.row

D.succession

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項line“線”，inline表示“協(xié)調(diào)，有秩序”；B項end“結(jié)束，末尾”；C項row“行，排”，inrow表示“行內(nèi)的，在行內(nèi)”；D項succession“連續(xù)，繼位”，insuccession表示“接連地，連續(xù)地”。根據(jù)前面的句子Theyhavehadagoodharvestforthreeyears“他們已經(jīng)有三年的大豐收了”可知，D項符合語境。句意：他們連續(xù)三年獲得了大豐收。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

16.單選題

Loomingoverthedebateabouthumaninterferenceintheworld’sborealforestsisanasyetunanswerablequestion:Willtheeffectsofglobalwarmingeventuallydwarfman’simpact?

問題1選項

A.raisetogreaterimportance

B.makemoredifficulttomeasure

C.causetoappearsmall

D.bringtoanabruptend

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。橫線單詞dwarf意為“（使）變矮；使顯得矮??；使無足輕重”；A選項“raisetogreaterimportance”意為“提高重要性”；B選項“makemoredifficulttomeasure”意為“使得……更難以測量”；C選項“causetoappearsmall”意為“使……顯得不重要”；D選項“bringtoanabruptend”意為“突然結(jié)束、停止”。句意：關(guān)于人類對世界寒帶森林干預(yù)的爭論迫在眉睫，這是一個至今無法回答的問題：全球變暖的影響最終會使人類的影響變得無關(guān)緊要嗎？由題干可知，theeffectsofglobalwarming（全球變暖的影響）和man’simpact（人類的影響）是兩組不同的影響，題目意在將全球變暖的影響和人類的影響相比較，是否全球變暖會使得人類的影響變得微不足道。由此可知，dwarf在此處最可能是“使無足輕重”的意思。因此C選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Wecan（

）broadlybetweentheintentionofknowing,andtheintentionofdoing,whichcorrespondroughlytotheconventionaldistinctionbetweenpureandappliedmathematics.

問題1選項

A.separate

B.extinguish

C.distinguish

D.disguise

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞辨析。separate“隔離”；extinguish“壓制”；distinguish“區(qū)分”；disguise“偽裝”。句意：我們可以大致區(qū)分為求知意圖和行為意圖，大約對應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)觀點對純理論數(shù)學(xué)和應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的區(qū)分。選項C符合句意。

18.單選題

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthatsayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmouths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKinghton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakesenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Theyarethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowever,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholProblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomthemselvesstuckresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendinthe