考研考博-英語-天津體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

毛主席寫過：“多少事，從來急，天地轉(zhuǎn)，光陰迫。一萬年太久，只爭朝夕?！爆F(xiàn)在就是只爭朝夕的時候了，是我們兩國人民攀登那種可以締造一個新的、更美好的世界的偉大境界的高峰的時候了。本著這種精神，我請求諸位同我一起舉杯，為能夠?qū)е氯澜缢腥嗣竦挠颜x與和平的中國人民和美國人民之間的友誼，干杯。

【答案】【參考譯文】ChairmanMAOhaswritten:“Somanydeedscryouttobedone,andalwaysurgently;theworldrollson,timepresses.Tenthousandyearsaretoolong;seizetheday,seizethehour!”Thisisthehour.Thisisthedayforourtwopeoplestorisetotheheightsofgreatnesswhichcanbuildanewandabetterworld.Inthatspirit,IaskallofyoutojoinmeinraisingyourglassestothefriendshipbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoplethatcanleadtofriendshipandpeaceforallpeopleintheworld.

2.單選題

Manyexpatriatewritersoften______theirsocializedbehaviorwiththedominantcultureoftheirown.

問題1選項

A.collaborated

B.attached

C.tied

D.identified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項collaborate“合作，勾結(jié)，通敵”，B項attach“使依附，貼上”，C項tie“（用線、繩等）系，系牢，打結(jié)”，D項identify“確定，鑒定，識別”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個動詞并和介詞with搭配使用，由關(guān)鍵詞socializedbehavior“社會化行為”和thedominantcultureoftheirown“他們自己的主導(dǎo)文化”可知，identify…with…“認(rèn)為……密切相關(guān)”符合語境。句意：許多旅居國外的作家經(jīng)常將他們的社會化行為與他們自己的主導(dǎo)文化聯(lián)系起來。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

3.單選題

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomyandonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensibleandtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepunditsandsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workerstheequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStatesatatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto（）.

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”，theauthormeans（）.

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto（）.

問題1選項

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

問題2選項

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

問題3選項

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

問題4選項

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

問題5選項

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于這里的balancebudgets。嚴(yán)肅人士之間突然達(dá)成的共識是，現(xiàn)在每個人都必須平衡預(yù)算，而這種共識并不是基于任何仔細(xì)的分析。所以平衡預(yù)算需要縮減開支，選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”，可知自信的神話變成了一種虛構(gòu)。用來暗示財政緊縮政策并沒有幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)，而財政赤字實際上能降低失業(yè)率，并且在第二段中用大量的事實說明了財政緊縮政策并沒帶來實際作用?？赏茢喑鲐斦o縮政策對提高就業(yè)率并沒有產(chǎn)生幫助。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”，可知毫無疑問，英國最終將需要通過削減開支和增加稅收來平衡收支。可推斷出削減金融業(yè)的稅收的財政政策是錯誤的。選項A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”，可知英國政府似乎忽視了歷史的教訓(xùn)。下文用AndrewMellon的荒謬政策加深經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的例子來進(jìn)一步說明英國政府的平衡收支計劃是錯誤的，忽視了歷史教訓(xùn)。選項C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”，可知過早的財政緊縮將導(dǎo)致新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，拒絕吸取歷史教訓(xùn)的人注定要重蹈覆轍?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為財政緊縮的做法肯定會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退重蹈覆轍。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.

問題1選項

A.contains

B.retires

C.retains

D.conveys

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。contain意為“包含，容納”；retire意為“退休”；retain意為“保持，保留”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，傳遞”。

句意：在英國出版的每一版新書，大英博物館都擁有免費獲得一冊的權(quán)利。

5.單選題

Inthe______areasoftherailroadterminal,thousandsoftravelerslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

問題1選項

A.circuitous

B.baleful

C.auxiliary

D.capacious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項circuitous表示“迂曲的，繞行的”，B項baleful表示“惡意的，有害的”，C項auxiliary表示“輔助的，副的，附加的”，D項capacious表示“寬敞的，廣闊的”。根據(jù)railroadterminal（鐵路終點站）和thousandsoftravelers（成千上萬的旅客）可知，______areas表示“寬敞的地方”。句意：在鐵路終點站廣闊的區(qū)域里，成千上萬的旅客逗留在那等待火車。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

問題1選項

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。fantastic“奇異的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂亂的，瘋狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：當(dāng)那位母親得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到瘋了。Befranticwith“因……而瘋狂”。選項C符合題意。

7.填空題

AustrianphysicianAlfredAdlertheorizedthatpeopleareprimarilymotivatedtoovercomeinherentfeelingsof________.(inferior)

【答案】inferiority

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】feelingsof________是名詞所有格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以橫線處應(yīng)為名詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞inherentfeelings，可知這里講的和感受相關(guān)，feelingofinferiority的意思為“自卑感”，inferiority符合語境。

【句意】奧地利醫(yī)生阿爾弗雷德?阿德勒提出理論，即人們的動機(jī)主要是克服內(nèi)在的自卑感。

8.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問題1選項

A.omitted

B.threatened

C.worried

D.fascinated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：對于殘疾人來說已經(jīng)久違的旅行的快樂，現(xiàn)在幾乎對每個有出行工具的人都敞開了大門。

考查動詞辨析。omit省略，遺漏；threat威脅，恐嚇；worry擔(dān)憂；fascinate使著迷。此處用omit表示“對于殘疾人來說已經(jīng)久違的旅行的快樂”。故選A。

9.單選題

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

問題1選項

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

問題2選項

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

問題3選項

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

問題4選項

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

問題5選項

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。C選項“接種：方法和含義”概括全文大意。其他選項不夠全面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章中天花的舉例是在第三段中出現(xiàn)的，第三、四段主要闡述使用疫苗可能帶來的負(fù)面效果，而A選項“管理疫苗可能帶來的負(fù)面后果”與文章相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段講述的是如果接種疫苗，身體可以自然對抗這種疾病，選項B（很輕松地與之對抗）正確。

4.推理題。選項B（免疫系統(tǒng)能夠被訓(xùn)練來抵抗較弱的疾病變體）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨題。本文是科普性文章。所以D項（為了解釋和告知信息）正確。

10.單選題

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

問題1選項

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ashighas高達(dá)B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“美國的汽車價格______20800美元”可知，空格處填入“高達(dá)”符合句意，且as…as…為固定搭配，表示“和……一樣”。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項沒有這個用法；

D項后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美國，汽車的價格可高達(dá)20800美元。

11.單選題

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

問題1選項

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。通過分析句子，可知句子缺少的是謂語動詞，主語是thegrowth，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，選項D符合題意。

12.填空題

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三個過來聽我報告的加拿大地質(zhì)學(xué)家一起喝酒。發(fā)現(xiàn)我們在研究興趣上有很多相同點，所以我們探討共同工作的可能性，使用來自加拿大和中國地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝點。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是…,這里應(yīng)該用過去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之處。

4.語義題。句意推測為:所以我們探討共同工作的可能性。

13.單選題

Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney（）.

問題1選項

A.bytwothousandmore

B.bytwothousand

C.fortwothousandmore

D.fortwothousand

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。increaseby為固定搭配,

意為増加了...。句意：由于初始投資資金只有一萬美元,

合作雙方將他們的投資金額増加了兩千美元。根據(jù)句意可知沒有比較的意思,

所以不用more。選項B正確。

14.單選題

Mrs.Brownissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

問題1選項

A.toleave

B.tobeleaving

C.tohaveleft

D.tohavebeenleft

【答案】C

【解析】考查suppose的用法。時間狀語是lastweek，說明是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的時間，所以應(yīng)該用完成時，Brown女士是主動離開，所以選項C符合題意。

15.填空題

Mydaughterisrather（1）toairpollution,sowemakesurethatshewearsa（2）whenshegoestoschoolinthemorning,（3）ondayswhentheairqualityindexisbad.That’ssomethingweunfailinglycheckonlinewhilewe'reeatingbreakfast.

【答案】1.vulnerable;

2.mask;

3.especially/particularly

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空為固定搭配。Bevulnerable(to)易遭受…。

2.語義題。第二空前面有一個a，因此此處應(yīng)填名詞,結(jié)合句意可知mask(口罩)合適。

3.語義題。第三空后面ondays...是修飾句子shewearsamask的時間狀語，所以此處填入一個副詞起修飾作用，故particularly“尤其”符合句意。

16.單選題

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportmeeting.

問題1選項

A.implement

B.deceive

C.exemplify

D.ignited

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。implement實施，執(zhí)行；deceive欺詐,誤導(dǎo)；exemplify舉例證明；ignite點燃,引發(fā)。句意:一位著名的運動員點燃了火炬。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

Thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyand（）weare.

問題1選項

A.vulnerable

B.rigorous

C.vicious

D.robust

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vulnerable“易受攻擊的；易受傷害的”；B選項rigorous“嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)厲的”；C選項vicious“惡毒的；惡意的”；D選項robust“強(qiáng)健的；健康的”。句意：不論我們多么幸運、多么……，我們能存活多長時間是有限度的。根據(jù)前面的信息lucky“幸運的”，那么與之并列的形容詞也應(yīng)該為積極的詞匯。由此可以排除A，B，C選項。而后面說到的是remainalive“活著”可以知道應(yīng)該與描述身體的詞匯有關(guān)。因此D選項符合題意。

18.翻譯題

愛因斯坦出生于德國南部的一個猶太中產(chǎn)階級家庭。母親非常喜歡音樂。愛因斯坦受她的影響很大。她鼓勵小愛因斯坦對小提琴和古典音樂的愛好。他的父親，一名工程師，對愛因斯坦的影響甚微。不過，是他送給了他五歲兒子那個著名的玩具指南針，促發(fā)了小愛因斯坦的第一次“思想實驗”：玩具中的針為什么總指向北？愛因斯坦后來成為一位偉大的物理學(xué)家。他的思想早己超出了科學(xué)范圍，影響著從繪畫到詩歌的現(xiàn)代文化。

【答案】Einsteinwasborninamiddle-classJewishfamilyinsouthernGermany.Hewasstronglyimpactedbyhismotherwhowasfondofmusic.Sheencouragedhispassionfortheviolinandclassicalmusic.Hisfather,anengineer,hadlittleeffectonEinstein.Butitwashewhogavehisfive-year-oldsonthefamoustoycompassthatinspiredyoungEinstein’sfirst“thoughtexperiment”—whatmadetheneedlealwayspointnorth?Later,Einsteinbecameagreatphysicist.Hisideashavegonebeyondscience,influencingmodernculturefrompaintingtopoetry.

19.單選題

Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.

Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.

Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.

Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?

3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT（）.

4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare（）.

5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton（）.

問題1選項

A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates

B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState

問題2選項

A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.

B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.

C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.

D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.

問題3選項

A.povertyelimination

B.taxpolicy

C.rejuvenationofinnercities

D.spaceexploration

問題4選項

A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues

B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues

C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues

D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues

問題5選項

A.governanceinnovation

B.jurisdictionparticipation

C.landreform

D.olderestablishedareas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章第一段主要列舉的大量的實例說明新興的聯(lián)盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了這些新興聯(lián)盟的任務(wù)和工作。第三段講到了新興聯(lián)盟在交通和土地使用問題上發(fā)揮作用。最后一段主要表達(dá)了政府也開始關(guān)注這些社會上的新興力量。所以正篇文章圍繞新興的聯(lián)盟展開。選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”，可知農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村活動人士都意識到，不協(xié)調(diào)的郊區(qū)擴(kuò)張會帶來不必要的成本。所以城市發(fā)展的問題在于郊區(qū)不協(xié)調(diào)而不受控制的擴(kuò)張。選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，可知他們選擇修復(fù)現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，投資公共交通，保護(hù)開放空間，而不是修建更多的道路?？膳袛喑鏊麄冴P(guān)心的問題是關(guān)于保留空間，而不是空間的探索利用。選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，列舉了查塔努加、波特蘭和圣路易斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在交通和土地方面的措施，進(jìn)一步說明了新城市聯(lián)盟對交通和土地利用問題方面產(chǎn)生影響。選項C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”，可知幾個州府已經(jīng)意識到新都市政治的力量，并正在采取各種改革措施來給予支持。然后下文繼續(xù)列舉并介紹了州府采取的改革和管理措施。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts.

Overtheyear,theyhadsuccessfully(1)everychallengetothissystembytheirowngovernmentwho,(2)hadbeenfrequentlyurgedbyforeigngovernmentstorevealinformationaboutthefinancialaffairsofcertainaccount(3).Theresultofthispolicyofsecrecywas(4)akindofmystiquehadgrownuparoundSwissbanking.Therewasawidely-heldbeliefthatSwitzerlandwas(5)towealthyforeigners,mainlybecauseofitsnumberedaccountsandbankers'reluctancetoaskawkwardquestions(6)depositors.(7)tothemystiquewastheviewthatifthissecrecywasevergivenup,foreignerswouldfalloverthemselvesintherushto(8)money,andtheSwissbankingsystemwouldvirtuallycollapseovernight.

Tomany,(9),itcamelikeaboltoutofthe(10),when,in1977,theSwissbanksannouncedtheyhadsigneda_(11)withtheSwissNationalBank(theCentralBank).Theaimoftheagreementwas(12)theimproperuseofthecountry'sbanksecrecylaws,andits(13)wastocurbseverelythesystemofsecrecy.

Theruleswhichthebankshadagreedtoobserve(14)heopeningofnumberedaccountssubjecttomuchcloser_(15)thanbefore.Thebankswouldberequired,ifnecessary,to(16)_theoriginofforeignfundsgoingintonumberedandotheraccounts.Theideawastostopsuchaccountsbeingusedfor(17)purposes.Also,theyagreednottoacceptfundsresultingfromtax(18)orfromcrime.

Thepactrepresentedessentiallyatighteningupofbankingrules.(19)thebanksagreedtoendrelationswithclientswhoseidentitieswereunclearorwhowereperformingimproperacts,theywerestillnotobligedtoinform(20

)aclienttoanyone,includingtheSwissgovernment.Tosomeextent,therefore,theprincipleofsecrecyhadbeenmaintained.

問題1選項

A.resisted

B.endured

C.withstood

D.opposed

問題2選項

A.inturn

B.inreturn

C.incase

D.inall

問題3選項

A.owners

B.possessors

C.keepers

D.holders

問題4選項

A.that

B.while

C.which

D.therefore

問題5選項

A.disrespectful

B.irresponsible

C.irresistible

D.irrational

問題6選項

A.about

B.of

C.after

D.for

問題7選項

A.Contributed

B.Havingcontributed

C.Contributing

D.Contribute

問題8選項

A.exchange

B.withdraw

C.deposit

D.cash

問題9選項

A.nevertheless

B.asamatteroffact

C.therefore

D.ofcourse

問題10選項

A.shock

B.blue

C.sudden

D.blew

問題11選項

A.pact

B.pretext

C.proviso

D.contract

問題12選項

A.prevent

B.tohaveprevented

C.preventing

D.toprevent

問題13選項

A.effect

B.influence

C.affect

D.impact

問題14選項

A.invoked

B.made

C.caused

D.induced

問題15選項

A.research

B.search

C.scrutiny

D.survey

問題16選項

A.discover

B.identify

C.learn

D.know

問題17選項

A.suspectable

B.unsure

C.dubious

D.implausible

問題18選項

A.evasion

B.neglect

C.omission

D.escape

問題19選項

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.Until

D.Even

問題20選項

A.with

B.about

C.on

D.of

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）resisted反抗；endured忍耐；withstood抵擋，經(jīng)得起；opposed反對。句意：一年來，它們成功地頂住了本國政府對這一制度提出的每一個挑戰(zhàn)。選項C符合原文。

（2）inturn輪流，依次；inreturn作為回報；incase萬一，假使；inall總共，合計。句意：反過來，這些政府又經(jīng)常被外國政府要求披露某些賬戶持有人的財務(wù)狀況的信息。選項A符合原文。

（3）accountholders指賬戶持有人。

（4）that在這里引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不做任何成分。

（5）disrespectful無禮的，失禮的；irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的，不可靠的；irresistible不可抗拒的，極為誘人的；irrational不合理的。根據(jù)下文，瑞士的賬戶數(shù)量有限，而且銀行家們不會問儲戶一些棘手的問題。所以這對外國的富人來說是不可抗拒的，選項C符合原文。

（6）askquestionof+sb.指向某人提問。about關(guān)于，for表原因，句意：銀行家們不會問儲戶一些棘手的問題。故答案為B。

（7）句意：造成這種神秘感的一個原因是……。這里用-ing形式表主動語態(tài)。

（8）根據(jù)原文：一旦放棄這種保密政策，外國人就會爭先恐后地，瑞士銀行體系也會在一夜之間崩潰。選項B取款符合句意。

（9）對許多人來說，1977年瑞士銀行宣布與瑞士中央銀行簽署的一項協(xié)議猶如晴天霹靂。根據(jù)上下文邏輯，這里應(yīng)該填選項C更符合。

（10）aboltoutoftheblue為固定搭配，指出人意料的事，晴天霹靂。

（11）pact協(xié)定，契約；pretext借口，托辭；proviso附文，限制性條款；contract合同，婚約。簽署協(xié)議更恰當(dāng)，所以選項A正確。

（12）toprevent表目的。Theaimofsth.is/wastodosth.

（13）effect影響，效果，作用；influence影響，感化；affect做名詞指情感；impact效果，影響。根據(jù)后面的to可知答案為A。influence，affect，impact后面都接on。

（14）invoked呼喚；induced引誘，說服。根據(jù)原文：銀行同意遵守的規(guī)則，使得有編號賬戶的開戶受到比以前更嚴(yán)格的審查。選項B符合原文。

（15）scrutiny指詳細(xì)審查。