考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

It（）methatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.effects

B.pokes

C.hits

D.stirs

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。effect“造成，產(chǎn)生，招致”；poke“戳，刺”；hit“打，打擊，擊中”；stir“攪拌，攪動(dòng)”。句意：那讓我覺(jué)得那個(gè)男人沒(méi)有說(shuō)實(shí)話。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.

10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有如此的選擇，因?yàn)檫@些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行。）以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.（公立學(xué)校必須教育為科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。）由此可知，教育工作之所以會(huì)變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜是因?yàn)閭魇趯W(xué)習(xí)的對(duì)象并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行區(qū)分。因此D選項(xiàng)“教育工作者不得不照顧普通的和有天賦的學(xué)生”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而不能被理解”，B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“難以決定基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校被教授”。在文中均未提及，可排除。故選D。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.（如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人，讓他們盡可能地學(xué)習(xí)，那么我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單了。）這只是作者的一個(gè)假設(shè)，并沒(méi)有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)“教育的一個(gè)主要任務(wù)是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”錯(cuò)誤，與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.（這樣的平衡被過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)某一領(lǐng)域所打破。）可知C選項(xiàng)“一些科目在公立學(xué)校中一直被過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確，符合題意。同理可推理出B選項(xiàng)“為了有效地教學(xué)，要求教育者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.（因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)民主的國(guó)家，所以，必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評(píng)判專(zhuān)家的工作。）民主國(guó)家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力，而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴(lài)發(fā)明者”正確，符合題意。故選A。

11.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.（公眾的注意力不斷地被科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)所吸引，不應(yīng)該允許這些將我們的注意力從健全的，已制定的材料轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)，因?yàn)檫@些材料形成了適合初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課程。）由此可知，初學(xué)者應(yīng)該從最基本的學(xué)習(xí)材料學(xué)起。因此A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該給予基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)足夠的重視”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多最新的知識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏科學(xué)知識(shí)將導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和科學(xué)服務(wù)使用者之間產(chǎn)生不好的關(guān)系”，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生正慢慢認(rèn)識(shí)到知識(shí)學(xué)科之間一種良好平衡的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選A。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有如此的選擇，因?yàn)檫@些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行）第一段提出教育平衡的話題，第二段和第三段圍繞教育平衡進(jìn)行論述。綜合而知，本文主要是圍繞教育平衡這個(gè)話題展開(kāi)闡述的。因此C選項(xiàng)“教育平衡”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的教育系統(tǒng)”，B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”，D選項(xiàng)“教授科學(xué)和技術(shù)的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

3.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels（吟游歌手）andmercenaries（雇傭兵）,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan（部落）system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy（異端）intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism（流浪）.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust（大屠殺）.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized（消除）,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成長(zhǎng)).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重視)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.

B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.

C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.

D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies（只有在非吉普賽人的威脅面前才能真正團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)）可知D選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)外部威脅”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.（在歐洲，非吉普賽人對(duì)他們的迫害開(kāi)始得很快，教會(huì)認(rèn)為他們的算命行為是異端邪說(shuō)，而政府認(rèn)為他們的游牧生活是反社會(huì)行動(dòng)。在更近的歷史中，吉普賽人被陷入納粹黨歇斯底里的種族迫害中，大約50萬(wàn)人死于大屠殺）可知吉普賽人受到了教堂、政府以及納粹的迫害，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews（除了極少數(shù)例外，吉普賽人并沒(méi)有表達(dá)出對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的強(qiáng)烈愿望—不像猶太人那樣）可知吉普賽人與猶太人的主要區(qū)別在于對(duì)身份的認(rèn)同，因此選C。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago（從他們的語(yǔ)言羅曼語(yǔ)的各種方言中的線索可知，一千年前他們從印度北部來(lái)到中東）可知D選項(xiàng)“印度北部曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)吉普賽人國(guó)家”表示不正確，只能推測(cè)吉普賽人從印度北部而來(lái)。

4.單選題

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate“激勵(lì)；刺激”；B選項(xiàng)encompass“包含；包圍”；C選項(xiàng)entice“慫恿；誘使”；D選項(xiàng)undercut“削（價(jià)）競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；削弱”。句意：1910年，超過(guò)60萬(wàn)的黑人工人，或者說(shuō)10%的黑人工人報(bào)告說(shuō)他們從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類(lèi)別大致……整個(gè)工業(yè)部門(mén)。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成”；B選項(xiàng)occur“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在”；C選項(xiàng)emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”；D選項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”。句意：可以證明，組織不僅看起來(lái)是均勻的，而且實(shí)際上是均勻的，因?yàn)槿绻M織被切成兩半，每一半將調(diào)節(jié)以產(chǎn)生與整體相同的圖案。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞giveriseto“造成；引起；導(dǎo)致”，得知A為正確答案。

6.單選題

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)seized“逮住，抓住”；B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓，餓死”；C選項(xiàng)calculated“計(jì)算”；D選項(xiàng)split“劈開(kāi)”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民數(shù)量從112人下降到了58人。根據(jù)前半句表述的因?yàn)槿鄙偈澄锖退?，可知后半句中非法移民?shù)量減少的原因是挨餓。所以空格處填B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓，餓死”合適。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

People'stastesinrecreationdifferwidely.Atarecentfestivalofpop-musicintheIsleofWight,crowdsofteenagersflockedtolistentotheirfavoritesingersandmusicians.Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.Theywerepackedtogetherlikesardinesforfourdays.Therewereinnumerablethieves,agangofroughstriedseveraltimestobreakthingsupandpolicewereeverywhere.Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.Mostpeoplewouldconsidertheseconditionsanightmareofdiscomfort,thefansappearedtoenjoyitallenormously.

EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry,wherepeoplewithmoretraditionaltastescangoforquiet,andforthesenseoffreedomtheyderivefromcontactwithnature.Inthenationalparksespecially,moderndevelopmentofhousingandindustryisstrictlycontrolled.Visitorsmaywalkformilesthroughlandscapeofthegreatestbeautyandwildness,andoftenofconsiderablehistoricorscientificinterest.Alongthecoastsofsomeofthemaritimecounties,publicpathwayshavebeencreated,thesepathsstretchformanymilesalongcliffsthatlookoutontheAtlanticOceanortheEnglishChannel.Anotherpath,lyinginland,goesalongtherangeofmountainsinthenorthofEngland.ItiscalledthePennineWay.Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.

Yetfewpeoplemakefulluseofthenationalparksestablishedforeveryone'sbenefit.Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by（路旁停車(chē)處）.Apicnicbasketisproduced,alongwithafoldingtableandchairs,akettleandaportablestove.Theythensettledowntoapicnicinthelay-bybesidethecar.Apparentlytheirideaofenjoymentistogetintothefreshairandamongstthecountrysightsandsoundswithouthavingtowalkayard.Theyseemalmosttoliketohearandtosmellthetraffic.

1.InBritain,accordingtothepassage,itisveryriskyto（

）.

2.Attheendofthefestival,manyyoungfans

（

）.

3.EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelarge

（

）.

4.Publicpathwaysarecreatedforpeopleto

（

）.

5.Familygroupsnowadaysliketo（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gowithasinglerailwayticket

B.listentopop-musicatthefestival

C.sleepintheopen

D.packtogetherincrowds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.werearrestedbythepolice

B.hadspentmostoftheirmoney

C.weresleepingout

D.becamequitepenniless

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tracksthroughtheopencountry

B.areasofcountrywithoutsoil

C.areasofcountrysidenotdeveloped

D.expansesoflandwherenobodyworks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.commutetowork

B.enjoylong-distancewalking

C.walktomaritimecounties

D.visitthehistoricorscenicsites

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.havemealsoutofdoorsbytheroad-side

B.goforawalkawayfromhome

C.driveoutpastthebeautifulplaces

D.hearandsmelltheanimals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.（他們帶著單程火車(chē)票，睡在露天，這在英國(guó)的氣候下是非常危險(xiǎn)的事情，即使在八月也是如此）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.（在節(jié)日結(jié)束時(shí)，許多年輕的粉絲發(fā)現(xiàn)自己破產(chǎn)了，沒(méi)有錢(qián)，他們很難回家）可知D選項(xiàng)“變得身無(wú)分文”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry（即使在過(guò)于擁擠的英國(guó)，也有大片未被破壞的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)）可知C選項(xiàng)“未開(kāi)發(fā)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.（在這里，長(zhǎng)距離步行者和大自然愛(ài)好者可以找到更多的樂(lè)趣，而不會(huì)受到大量同伴的打擾）可知B選項(xiàng)“享受長(zhǎng)途步行”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by.（現(xiàn)在最常見(jiàn)的事情是，全家人一起開(kāi)車(chē)去一個(gè)美麗的景點(diǎn)，把汽車(chē)停在路邊的停車(chē)帶）可知C選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)美麗的地方”符合題意。

8.填空題

Americahasthebestsystemofhighereducationintheworld.TheInstituteofHigherEducationatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityrankstheworld’suniversitiesonaseriesofobjective（1）suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.17ofthetop20universitiesinthatlistareAmerican.Americanuniversities（2）employ70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners.Theyproduceabout30%oftheworld’s（3）ofarticlesonscienceandengineering,accordingtoasurvey（4）in2001，and44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.

WhyisAmericasosuccessful?Wealthclearlyhassomethingtodowithit.Americaspendsmorethantwiceasmuch（5）studentastheOECD（經(jīng)合組織）average，andalumniandphilanthropists（慈善家）routinelyshoweruniversities（6）gold.Historyalsoplaysapart.Americanshavealwayshada（7）forhighereducation.ThePuritansestablishedHarvardCollegein1636,justtwo（8）aftertheyfirstarrivedinNewEngland.

ThemainreasonforAmerica’ssuccess,however,liesinorganization.Thefirstprincipleisthatthefederalgovernmentplaysa（9）part.Americadoesnothaveacentralplanforitsuniversities.Itdoesnottreatits（10）ascivilservants,as（11）FranceandGermany.Instead,universitieshaveawide（12）ofpatrons.Theacademiclandscapehasbeen（13）byrichbenefactorssuchasEzraCornell,CorneliusVanderbilt,JohnsHopkinsandJohnD.Rockefeller.

Thesecondprincipleiscompetition.Universitiescompetefor（14）,fromstudentstoprofessorstobasketball,stars.Professorscompeteforfederalresearch（15）.Studentscompeteforcollegescholarshipsorresearchfellowships.Thismeansthatsuccessfulinstitutionscannot（16）ontheirlaurels（成就）.

Thethirdprincipleisthatitisallrighttobeuseful.Americahasalways（17）universitiesasmorethanivorytowers.This（18）on“payingdividends”remainsa（19）featureofacademicculture.Americanhas（20）theartofforginglinksbetweenacademiaandindustry.Americanuniversitiesearnmorethan$1billionayearinroyaltiesandlicensefees,anddozensoperatetheirownventurefunds.

測(cè)試

【答案】1.criteria

2.currently

3.output

4.conducted

5.per

6.with

7.passion

8.decades

9.limited

10.academics

11.do

12.range

13.shaped

14.everything

15.grants

16.rest

17.regarded

18.emphasis

19.prominent

20.pioneered

【解析】1.由suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.如諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的數(shù)量和發(fā)表在著名期刊上的文章?？芍@些都屬于條件。

2.本句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，句意：美國(guó)大學(xué)（）雇傭世界上70%的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。

3.句意：科學(xué)家產(chǎn)出了世界上30%的關(guān)于科學(xué)和工程方面的學(xué)術(shù)文章，以及44%的經(jīng)常被引用的文章。

4.conductasurvey做調(diào)查；句意：根據(jù)2001年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查…

5.句意：美國(guó)花在每個(gè)學(xué)生身上的錢(qián)是經(jīng)合組織平均水平的兩倍多。

6.showerwith拋撒，大量給予；句意：校友和慈善家每年都會(huì)大量贈(zèng)予資金。

7.haveapassionfor對(duì)…的強(qiáng)烈愛(ài)好；由下一句“清教徒在第一次到達(dá)新英格蘭后于1636年建立哈佛大學(xué)”可知“美國(guó)人對(duì)高等教育有強(qiáng)烈愛(ài)好”。

8.此空需要填一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞。twodecades20年。

9.此空需填一個(gè)形容詞，空前有不定冠詞a修飾，故空格處所填形容詞不以元音字母開(kāi)頭。再聯(lián)系下文可知，對(duì)于美國(guó)的大學(xué)，不像法國(guó)和德國(guó)那樣，美國(guó)政府并沒(méi)有實(shí)行中央計(jì)劃。所以美國(guó)高等教育成功的第一個(gè)原因就是聯(lián)邦政府發(fā)揮了有限的作用。形容詞中只有l(wèi)imited符合題意。

10.treat…ascivilservants將___看作公務(wù)員。由上一句可知“對(duì)于美國(guó)的大學(xué)，美國(guó)政府沒(méi)有實(shí)行中央計(jì)劃?！彼越又M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，美國(guó)政府沒(méi)有把美國(guó)大學(xué)看作是政府的公務(wù)員。

11.asdoFranceandGermany像法國(guó)和德國(guó)那樣。句意：對(duì)于美國(guó)的大學(xué)，不像法國(guó)和德國(guó)那樣，美國(guó)政府并沒(méi)有一個(gè)實(shí)行中央計(jì)劃。

12.haveawiderangeof有廣泛的…。由下文可知有一些富有的捐贈(zèng)者，故此空填range.

13.此空需填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，表被動(dòng)。學(xué)術(shù)氛圍被形成，故用shaped。

14.由空后的from…可知美國(guó)的大學(xué)對(duì)于一切都競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

15.此空需填一個(gè)名詞，由federalresearch可推知是政府的研究補(bǔ)助金。句意：教授為獲得政府的研究補(bǔ)助金而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

16.reston停留在…。由上文可知美國(guó)的大學(xué)為一切而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，教授為獲得補(bǔ)助金而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，學(xué)生為了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，整個(gè)大學(xué)都是在不斷地向前的一種狀態(tài)。故這空總結(jié)道：這意味著成功的大學(xué)不能停留在這些成就上。

17.regard…as把…認(rèn)作；句意：美國(guó)總是將大學(xué)看作不僅僅是象牙塔。

18.空后有介詞on,空格處要填名詞，只有emphasis合適。句意：這種強(qiáng)調(diào)取得好結(jié)果成為了…。

19.此空需填形容詞，美國(guó)大學(xué)對(duì)取得好結(jié)果的關(guān)注成為了其學(xué)術(shù)文化的顯著特色。

20.此空需填動(dòng)詞。句意：美國(guó)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了在學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界建立聯(lián)系的藝術(shù)。美國(guó)首先開(kāi)創(chuàng)了這門(mén)藝術(shù)，故用pioneered。

9.單選題

Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota（

）positionasanoffice-boy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permanent

B.sufficient

C.transparent

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。permanent“永久的；不變的”；sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；transparent“透明的”；universal“普遍的”。句意：做了一個(gè)星期臨時(shí)工后，他得到了一份辦公室固定的工作。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Herstrengthwasherabilityto（

）andinspireconfidenceratherthanfearinthepeopleshebefriended.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.uncover

B.obtain

C.elicit

D.produce

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。uncover揭開(kāi)，揭露；obtain:獲得；elicit引起，引發(fā)；produce生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生。句意：她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是她有能力引發(fā)、鼓勵(lì)朋友的信心而不是恐懼。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Studentswhogetveryhighmarkswillbe（）fromthefinalexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expelled

B.banished

C.absolved

D.ousted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。expel“驅(qū)逐，開(kāi)除”；banish“流放，放逐”；absolve“宣布免除”；oust“剝奪，取代，驅(qū)逐”。句意：得高分的學(xué)生可免除期末考試。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Thetheoryof（

）wasdevelopedbyDarwinandisnowunderstoodbynearlyeverybodyintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.determination

B.distribution

C.discipline

D.evolution

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。determination“決心”；distribution“分布”；discipline“學(xué)科；紀(jì)律”；evolution“演變，進(jìn)化論”。句意：進(jìn)化論由達(dá)爾文提出，現(xiàn)在幾乎世界上每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)理論。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.verifying

B.acknowledging

C.expressing

D.confessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)verify“核實(shí)；查證”；B選項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)；答謝；報(bào)償”；C選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；快遞”；D選項(xiàng)confess“承認(rèn)；坦白；懺悔”。句意：警察通過(guò)詢(xún)問(wèn)幾個(gè)證人來(lái)……囚犯的供詞。證人的意義在于“核實(shí)”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thecorporationexpectsonly（）increasesinsalesnextyeardespiteayearlongefforttoreviveitsretailingbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modest

B.predictable

C.dynamic

D.expanding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modest“適度的，謙虛的”；B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)言的”；C選項(xiàng)dynamic“動(dòng)態(tài)的，動(dòng)力的，有活力的”；D選項(xiàng)expanding“擴(kuò)大的，擴(kuò)展的”。句意：盡管用過(guò)去一年的時(shí)間去努力恢復(fù)零售市場(chǎng)，但是公司僅僅期盼業(yè)績(jī)（）增長(zhǎng)即可。題干中的despite表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格所填單詞應(yīng)該與despite所引導(dǎo)的句子產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果相反，正常情況下，付出了努力必然期盼有回報(bào)，所以這里應(yīng)填與increase意思相反的詞匯。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Hestillsuffersfromararetopicaldiseasewhichhe（）,whileworkingtoAfrica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infected

B.incurred

C.contracted

D.infested

【答案】C

【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞辨析題。infected“感染”；incurred“招致；蒙受”，contracted“合同；感染；收縮”；infested“大批滋生”，根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“感染了某種病”，所以此處的動(dòng)詞要從infected和contracted之間來(lái)選擇，infect這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是疾病，強(qiáng)調(diào)疾病的感染性；而contract強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人感染疾病，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是人，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人感染疾病，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

16.單選題

Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof（

）educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.cardinal

C.constrained

D.conventional

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；B選項(xiàng)cardinal“主要的，基本的”；C選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”，由關(guān)鍵詞“education”可知空格部分意思應(yīng)該為“義務(wù)的，規(guī)定必修的”，句意為：許多國(guó)家采取義務(wù)教育體系，以提高平均的教育水平。與選項(xiàng)A意思相符。

17.單選題

Astheydon’tyethaveaproventrackrecord,theircolleagueswillbe（）toentrustthemwithimportantprojects.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctant

B.redundant

C.relevant

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于他們沒(méi)有過(guò)去工作表現(xiàn)的記錄,所以其他同事不愿意將重要的項(xiàng)目交給他們。

考查形容詞辨析。Reluctant不情愿的,勉強(qiáng)的;redundant多余的,失業(yè)的,冗長(zhǎng)的;relevant相關(guān)的,切題的;resistant反抗的,頑固的。因此A符合句意。

18.單選題

Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates

vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembled

B.accommodated

C.accumulated

D.appreciated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。assembled“裝配，組合”；accommodated“安排，為……提供住宿”；accumulated“積累”；appreciated“欣賞”。句意：上世紀(jì)70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油國(guó)家通過(guò)出售石油獲得了巨額財(cái)富。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.

Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.

But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement

C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects

D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsense-data

B.aregraduatedonlyininches

C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations

B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived

C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement

D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主要講到了我們視覺(jué)感知的局限性阻礙人類(lèi)精確感知世界的問(wèn)題，隨后由該問(wèn)題引入極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)量子的概念并加以討論，所以這篇文章的主要目的是討論阻礙人類(lèi)精確感知世界的問(wèn)題，所以A選項(xiàng)‘討論一個(gè)阻礙對(duì)世界的精確認(rèn)知的問(wèn)題’正確；B選項(xiàng)“指出現(xiàn)行測(cè)量單位的不合理性”、C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于將觀察者與被觀察物進(jìn)行區(qū)分的行為進(jìn)行批判”和D選項(xiàng)“比較不同的科學(xué)對(duì)于如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的問(wèn)題的不同假設(shè)”都只是文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分。

2.推理判斷題。文章在第一段的末尾運(yùn)用了類(lèi)比的修辭手法，要想找到作者以孩童作畫(huà)作比的目的需要往回追溯，分析文章第一段的倒數(shù)二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.S