考研考博-英語-天津濱海汽車工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津濱海汽車工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayaslieusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsocyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaround,youandyou'llseethatnoelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（當(dāng)我們十幾歲或二十出頭的時候，我們的外表和我們對別人的表現(xiàn)可能比我們生命中的任何時候都更讓我們擔(dān)心）排除A、B選項；由第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受我們自己的現(xiàn)狀，很少有足夠的勇氣來忽略時尚的趨勢）可知C選項“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有忽視時尚的東西”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵字magazinesandTV定位到文章第二段中MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.可知時尚雜志和電視廣告把時尚與自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.可知造成時尚變化的原因是有很多種，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字freerandeasier定位到文章第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（出于某種原因，你可以用你喜歡的方式來裝束，也可以用你喜歡的方式，或者用你喜歡的方式對待你的頭發(fā)，而不是你所應(yīng)該的方式，因為它是時尚）可知當(dāng)今社會更尊重個人選擇，強調(diào)個性，因此選D。

第5題:主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）以及后面作者的舉例，可知在正式場合下需要注意著裝，因此選A。

2.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問題1選項

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項discretionary“自由決定的”；B選項bureaucratic“官僚主義的”；C選項compulsory“義務(wù)性的”；D選項lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：與其他國家的同類銀行相比，國家銀行一直非常強大。它之所以保持這種效力，部分原因是它對國家銀行體系的控制沒有受到政府干預(yù)的阻礙，因此它的行動在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語境，這里指國家銀行沒有受政府干預(yù)的阻礙，在行動上比較自由，所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Sowideisitssweepthat345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandanadditional400millionastheirsecond.

問題1選項

A.range

B.power

C.vigor

D.expansion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項range“范圍；幅度；山脈”；B選項power“力量；電力”；C選項vigor“活力；精力”；D選項expansion“膨脹”。句意：英語的……是如此之廣，以至于3.45億人將英語作為第一語言，另外還有4億人將英語作為第二語言。由關(guān)鍵信息sowide“如此廣泛”以及345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguage“3.45億人將英語當(dāng)成第一語言使用”，可知本句是在講英語的普及范圍廣。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問題1選項

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：無論你到哪里，都能看到這個產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語補足語時,不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語動詞是see，橫線部分是賓語product的賓補，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動關(guān)系，確定用被動語態(tài)，D選項advertised符合題意。A選項advertise是動詞原形；B選項advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Imagineyoufoundoutthatideasinventedbyacomputerwereratedhigherbyindependentexpertsthanideascreatedbyagroupofhumansaskedtoperformthesametask.Wouldyoupraisethedesignerofthe“creativecomputer”foragreatachievementorwouldyouquestionwhyhumantalent—usuallysopotentincopingwithcomplexcognitivechallenges——createdsuchpoorideasormaybeyouwouldquestionyourviewofthenotionofcreativity.Infact,suchascenariowasplayedoutwhenweusedasimplecomputerizedroutinetogenerateideasandcomparedthemwithideasinventedbyhumansubjects.Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?

Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol.Althoughthereisageneralagreementregardingthedistinctivenatureofthecreativeproduct（idea,painting,poem,andsoon）,thereisacontroversyoverthenatureofthecreativeprocess.Someresearchersholdthatthecreativethinkingprocessisqualitativelydifferentfrom“ordinary”day-to-daythinkingandinvolvesaleapthatcannotbeformulated,analyzed,orreconstructed——thecreativespark.Othersadoptareductionistviewthatcreativeproductsaretheoutcomeofordinarythinking,onlyquantitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking.

Becausecreativeideasaredifferentfromthosethatnormallyarise,peopleoftenbelievethatsuchideasrequireconditionsdramaticallydifferentfromtheusual.Thenotiongoesthat,inordertoovercomementalbarriersandreachcreativeideas,totalfreedomisnecessary—nodirectionalguidance,constraints,criticismfromaninfinitespaceduringthecreativityprocess.Thisviewpromptedtheemergenceofvariousidea-generatingmethods:brainstorming,synectics（共同研究法），lateralthinking（水平思考，橫向思維），randomstimulation,andsoon,allofwhichconsistofwithholdingjudgmentandrelyingonanalogiesfromothernumbersinthegroupofonrandomlyselectedanalogies.Thisfamilyofmethodsreliesontheassumptionthatenhancingrandomness,breakingrulesandparadigms,andgeneratinganarchyofthoughtincreasetheprobabilityofcreativeideaemergence.

Dothesemethodswork?Anumberofresearchersindicatethattheydonot.Ideassuggestedbyindividualsworkingalonearesuperiortoideassuggestedinbrainstormingsessionsandtheperformanceofproblemsolversinstructedto''breaktherules,getoutofthesquare,andchangeparadigms”wasnotbetterthanthatofindividualswhowerenotgivenanyinstructionsatall.

Thefailureofthesemethodstoimprovecreativeoutcomeshasbeenexplainedbytheunstructurednatureofthetask.Reitmanobservedthatmanyproblemsthatlackastructuringframeworkareill-definedinthattherepresentationofoneormoreofthebasiccomponents——theinitialstate,theoperatorsandconstraintsandthegoal-areseriouslyincomplete，andthesearchspaceisexceedinglylarge.Indeed,manyill—definedproblemsseemdifficult，notbecauseweareswampedbytheenormousnumberofalternativepossibilities,butbecausewehavetroublethinkingevenofoneideaworthpursuing.

1.Ideasinventedbyacomputerare（）.

2.Theauthorthinksthatcreativethinkingis（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）theprobabilityofcreativeideasemergence.

4.Itisbelievedthat（）tendstoimprovecreativeoutcomes.

問題1選項

A.notnecessarysuperiortohumanideas

B.undoubtedlysuperiortohumanideas

C.scarcelysuperiortohumanideas

D.generallyinventedbyhumansubjectmuchearlier

問題2選項

A.superiortoeverydaythinking

B.quantitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking

C.qualitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking

D.beyondformalizationandanalysis

問題3選項

A.synecticstendtoincrease

B.totalfreedominthinkingwillincrease

C.brainstormingmightdecrease

D.breakingrulesandparadigmsincreases.

問題4選項

A.identifyingthestructuringframework

B.breakingrulesandparadigms

C.followingnodirectionalguidance

D.adoptingareductionistview.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“計算機創(chuàng)造出的思想怎么樣？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“當(dāng)執(zhí)行同一個認(rèn)為時，為什么人類裁判會認(rèn)為計算機的結(jié)果優(yōu)于人類的想法？”(Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?)，選項B“毫無疑問優(yōu)于人類思想”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造性思維是……”。文章第二段第一句話提到“創(chuàng)造力被認(rèn)為是人類的終極活動，是一個高度復(fù)雜的過程，難以形式化和被控制”（Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol），因此選項D“難以被形式化和被分析”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，……創(chuàng)意出現(xiàn)的概率”。文章第三段提出了一些增強創(chuàng)意的方法，第四段第一句提到“這些方法有效嗎？”隨后回答“一些研究院暗示它們不能”（Anumberofresearchersindicatethattheydonot）,因此選項C“頭腦風(fēng)暴法可能會減少創(chuàng)意出現(xiàn)的概率”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“人們相信……往往會提高創(chuàng)造性的結(jié)果”。文章最后一段提到“這些方法失敗的原因被認(rèn)為是任務(wù)的非結(jié)構(gòu)化”(Thefailureofthesemethodstoimprovecreativeoutcomeshasbeenexplainedbytheunstructurednatureofthetask)，該段第二句依然是在講述非結(jié)構(gòu)化框架帶來的不好的影響，因此選項A“識別結(jié)構(gòu)性框架”符合題意。

6.單選題

Therightcombinationofbricks,mortarandplastercanbemixedtobuildagreatcity,butitisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.Londonissuchacity,andamajorexhibitionaboutitspeoplemakesthispointbypulling-togetherpaintings,drawings,andprintsbyartistsoverthecenturiestoshowLondonersfromallwalksoflifeandinallmannerofsettings.Thecapital'srenownedoldmarkets,mostnowgone,likeCoventGardenandBillingsgate,capturedtheeyeofpaintersbecauseoftheextraordinarilydisparaterangeofcharactersminglingtogether.Processionsandceremonialeventswerepopularsubjects,althoughmanyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw:thestreettraders,laborers,merchants,craftsmen,societyfolk,servants,visitingforeigners,theverypoor,theold,andthecriminals.ThereisabookwhichaccompaniestheshowandfromwhichinBritainhaschosenitsillustrations.LondonersarepublishedbyThamesandHudson,30-34BloomsburyStreet,LondonWC1B3QP.Telephone01-6365488.Ithas237illustrations,20incolor:￡20inhardback,￡9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.

TheexhibitioncontinuesuntilAugust2attheMuseumofLondon.OpenTuesdaytoSaturday,10a.m.to6p.m.Admissionfree.

1.Accordingtotheadvertisement,theelementwhichaddstherealcolortoacityis（

）.

2.Theartistsaremorelikelytobeinspiredby（

）.

3.Fromtheadvertisement,wearetoldthatthebookwhichgoeswiththeexhibition（

）.

4.Readersoverseascangetacopyofthebook

（

）.

5.Fromtheadvertisement,wecaninferthattherewouldbefreeadmission（

）.

問題1選項

A.thecityitself

B.itsinhabitants

C.thebuildings

D.themarkets

問題2選項

A.popularsubjects

B.processions

C.theindividuals

D.ceremonialevents

問題3選項

A.iscalledLondoners

B.iscalledBritain

C.containsonly20pictures

D.containslessthan200illustrations

問題4選項

A.for￡9.95

B.bypaying￡29.95

C.onlybyorderingfrombookshopsinBritain

D.byjoiningtheLiteraryGuild

問題5選項

A.onMondays

B.onAugust1st

C.onSundays

D.before10a.m.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“itisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.”正是這座城市的人民為這座城市增添了額外的維度，使它充滿活力、令人難忘、聞名遐邇、游客眾多。所以選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段“manyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw...”許多藝術(shù)家的靈感來自于他們所看到的個人……選項C正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的后半部分可知：在英國，有一本書中的插畫被選來展覽。這本書叫《倫敦人》，由泰晤士和哈德遜出版。選項A正確，選項B，C，D均不符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“￡20inhardback,￡9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.”精裝本20英鎊，平裝本9.95英鎊。可從出版商或者是英國書店直接免費郵寄到所需地址，甚至是海外。只有選項A正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，在倫敦博物館的展覽將持續(xù)到8月2日。星期二至星期六，上午十點至下午六點開放。免費入場。由此可知選項B正確。

7.單選題

Thetrialwasconductedinatheatricalmanner,fullof（

）.

問題1選項

A.properprocedures

B.sworntestimony

C.eruditecitations

D.extravaganthistrionics

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞短語辨析。properprocedures適當(dāng)?shù)某绦?；sworntestimony宣誓證詞；eruditecitations博學(xué)的引用；extravaganthistrionics夸張的戲劇表演。句意：審判以一種戲劇般的方式進(jìn)行，充滿了夸張的表演造作。由inatheatricalmanner可知，答案為D。

8.單選題

Duringthefamineof1943,millionsofChinesepeasants（）tothecitiesbecausetheycouldnotsurviveintheruralareas.

問題1選項

A.emigrated

B.estimated

C.migrated

D.immigrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。emigrate“移民，移居”；estimate“估計，估價”；migrate“移動；移居；隨季節(jié)而移居”；immigrate“移入”。根據(jù)原因狀語“因為他們無法在農(nóng)村存活”可知他們選擇移居城市。emigrate一般指移民出境；immigrate一般指移民入境。而從農(nóng)村到城市不屬于這二者，因此選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam（

）aboutitssuccess.

問題1選項

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“難以置信的，驚人的，極好的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。句意：他似乎覺得這個計劃會湊效，但我對它的成功表示懷疑。前半句表達(dá)的是一個人相信的態(tài)度，由but可知后半句態(tài)度與之相反，即懷疑的態(tài)度。故D項正確。beskepticalabout對……表示懷疑。

10.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問題1選項

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠(yuǎn)足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對海盜襲擊的擔(dān)心使得法國加固了他們的海岸線。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Ourmadattemptstoavoidboredomupholdaprofitablecorneroftheentertainmentindustry,whilethevarietyofbooks,websites,TVprogramsandvideosaimedatchildrenandcalled"BoredomKillers"suggeststhatennui，hasnoagerestriction.Thisisnonewdevelopment-obsessivetextingishardlyonalevelwithwatchinglionsripgladiatorstoshredsforentertainment,and,astheBritishpublicseemtobemovingontoastagewherefox-huntingisnolongerseenasajustifiable,fundiversion,wemustbedoingsomethingright.However,someexpertshaverecentlypointedoutthatobsessiveavoidanceofboredom(apartfrombeingquitedullinitself-haveyouevertriedtohaveadecentconversationwithanextremesportsenthusiast?)deniesaccesstothecertainkindofmentalspacewhichboredombringsandindoingsoleavesuscreativelyandspirituallymalnourished.Inotherwords,boredomisbecoming"alostartform".

StevenWinnoftheSanFranciscoChronicleputsitinarecentarticle:“Asmoreandmorepeopleseemtorecognize,theuniversalexperienceofbeingbored-unengaged,detached,afloatinsomeprivatementalinactivity-maybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest.Asordinaryasgreyskiesandequallypervasive,boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration.

Thisisaveryparticularunderstandingofwhatboredomis,andperhapsthisveryproblemofdefinitioniswhatliesattherootofthesupposeddebate.Ontheonehand,boredomcanbedefinedasastateoflistlessness,alackofinterestinthatwhichsurroundsusandageneralsenseofennui.Ofthisparticulardefinition,SaulSteinbergwrote,“Thelifeofthecreativemanisled,directedandcontrolledbyboredom.Avoidingboredomisoneofourmostimportantpurposes."Sointhiscase,boredomissomethingwefleefrominhorror.

Anotherconceptionofboredomisofablank,privatementalspace,invaluableforrelaxingandforthefermentationofcreativejuices.Itisthistypeofboredomwhichisconsideredbysometobealostartform.Informationaloverloadfromallquartermeansthattherecanoftenbeverylittletimeforpersonalthought,reflection,orevenjust"zoningout".Withamobilethatisconstantlyswitchedonandasurplusofentertainmentsavailabletodistractthemarkedeye,itisunderstandablethatsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoactuallygetboredinthatparticularrestlessness,introspectivekindofway.

1.Theword"ennui"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablemeans（）.

2.Boredomisbecoming"alostartform"becausepeople（）.

3.AccordingtoStevenWinn,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutboredom?

4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatboredom（）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項

A.avoidingboredom

B.lackofcreativity

C.loveofentertainment

D.thefeelingofhavingnothingtodo

問題2選項

A.aredeprivedofdeepthought

B.areabandoningold-fashionedamusement

C.indulgeinentertainment

D.havenoprivatespace

問題3選項

A.Itisacommonproblemofhumanbeings.

B.Itisalwaysfearedbycreativemen.

C.Itisimportanttorecognizeitssignificance.

D.Itismorevaluablethanentertainment.

問題4選項

A.hastwocontradictorydefinitions

B.hasbothstrongandweakpoints

C.isasourceofartcreation

D.isdyingintheinformationage

問題5選項

A.LifewithoutBoredom

B.TheInfluenceofModernEntertainment

C.TwoTypesofBoredom

D.TheSignificanceofBoredom

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一句指出:……為兒童設(shè)計并被稱為“無聊殺手”的書籍、網(wǎng)站、電視節(jié)目、音像制品表明“ennui”沒有年齡界限。因此推測，ennui是屬于“無聊”之意的范疇，故選D項“一種沒事可干的感覺”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞"alostartform"定位至第一段最后一句:然而，一些專家最近指出，強迫性地逃避無聊使人無法進(jìn)入無聊帶來的某種思維空間，這使我們在創(chuàng)造力和精神上都處于營養(yǎng)不良的狀態(tài)。換句話說，無聊成了一種“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。以及最后一段:正是這種無聊被一些人視為逝去的藝術(shù)形式。從四面八方涌來的過多的信息意味著很少有時間可用于個人思考、深思、或者僅僅“溜號”。因此，綜合考慮，無聊可以提供某種思維空間，但是現(xiàn)代社會充斥著過多的信息，從而使得這種思考空間成為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。故選A項“被剝奪了深入思考”。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞StevenWinn定位至第二段:theuniversalexperienceofbeingboredmaybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest(普遍的無聊經(jīng)歷可能比表面看起來的要更加珍貴、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration(無聊應(yīng)受到陽光燦爛般的關(guān)注和贊美),因此可看出，StevenWinn認(rèn)為，無聊（其意義和積極影響）值得關(guān)注。

4.判斷推理題。A:兩個定義相互矛盾。B:有優(yōu)劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分別談及“無聊”的兩種看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也無優(yōu)劣之分，故排除A項和B項。C:是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:無聊給予了人們獨立思考的空間，因而對于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造是極其珍貴的,但是并不能說無聊就是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉，故排除C項。D:消亡于信息時代。根據(jù)第四段可知:無聊被稱之為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”是因為繁雜的信息意味著用于有利于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的思考時間很少，即“無聊”的時間很少了，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章談及對“無聊”的兩種看法，并且提出“無聊”已經(jīng)成了“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”這一主要觀點。因此，D項“無聊的意義”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

12.單選題

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

問題1選項

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項persuade“說服”；B選項concern“影響，牽扯”；C選項dismiss“解散，解雇”；D選項discourage“阻止，使氣餒”。句意：不要因為他的批評而（）；他是那種喜歡對別人的行為吹毛求疵的人。本句表達(dá)的意思“不要因為他的批評而氣餒”，因此D選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

問題1選項

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞搭配。句意：這個學(xué)生在課堂上繼續(xù)惡作劇，盡管他的老師一再告訴他不要這樣做。根據(jù)動詞搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.確定C選項notto符合題意。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

問題1選項

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：盡管貧困在大多數(shù)城市并不普遍，或許是由于某些地區(qū)很擁擠，貧困才更為明顯。選項C符合句意。

15.不定項選擇題

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問題1選項

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

問題2選項

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

問題3選項

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

問題4選項

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

問題5選項

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章，嚴(yán)格的野生動物保護(hù)法和改善后的野生動物管理技術(shù)……選項A“造成了瀕危動物的瀕臨滅絕”；選項B“干預(yù)了自然過程”；選項C“使參觀國家公園變得輕松愉快充滿活力”；選項D“拯救了洛基山國家公園中快要餓死的麋鹿”，根據(jù)文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，嚴(yán)格化的野生動物保護(hù)法和改良的野生動物管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)致大量的動物擁擠在動物密度非常大的地區(qū)，比如黃石公園的麋鹿”，根據(jù)此句可知其所帶來的影響是負(fù)面的，故可以排除選項C、D；選項A所表達(dá)的意思與此句相反，故錯誤；所以正確答案為選項B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)作者的觀點，國家公園將不會再有快要餓死的麋鹿、被破壞的草地和奄奄一息的森林……選項A“政府采用更加嚴(yán)格的野生動物法”；選項B“國家公園管理局采用更多野生動物管理技術(shù)”；選項C“重新恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”；選項D“我們繼續(xù)改善我們的自然環(huán)境”。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”國家公園管理局必須改變他們的管理優(yōu)先級來阻止動物數(shù)量的增加和恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程，不讓公園停滯不前或者隨著時間死去，可知“阻止動物數(shù)量的增加”和“恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”是兩個有效的解決辦法，故正確答案為選項C。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)這篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量的激增也是由于什么造成的，選項A“采取了消除食肉動物的政策”；選項B“國家公園數(shù)量的增加”；選項C“國家公園游客的減少”；選項D“20世紀(jì)對瀕危動物的過度開發(fā)”，根據(jù)第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”國家公園管理局在20世紀(jì)早期采取了消除食肉動物的政策，因此失去了對野生動物數(shù)量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉動物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量激增的一個原因，故正確答案為選項A。

第4題:觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)這篇文章，我們可以推斷出作者……選項A“支持現(xiàn)有的政策”；選項B“欣賞現(xiàn)有的管理技術(shù)”；選項C“認(rèn)為應(yīng)該改變自然的力量”；選項D“強烈支持自然進(jìn)程”，作者在這篇文章中表示了對國家公園管理局采取的對國家公園的管理措施的批判，認(rèn)為其干預(yù)了自然的進(jìn)程，于是破壞了生態(tài)的平衡，所以作者是支持自然進(jìn)程的，故正確答案為選項D。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)這篇文章，以下哪個陳述是不正確的？選項A“20世紀(jì)，公園管理者干擾了森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”；選項B“食肉動物不應(yīng)該被消除”；選項C“防蟲會造成森林的過熟”；選項D“森林中當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重的損害是由火災(zāi)造成的”，選項A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根據(jù)文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整個20世紀(jì)國家公園中嚴(yán)重的森林火災(zāi)和防蟲造成了森林的過熟，改變了自然環(huán)境”，可知火災(zāi)和防蟲造成了森林的過熟，所以選項C正確，排除；根據(jù)“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.許多國家公園中麋鹿數(shù)量的急劇增加造成了當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重破壞”，可知造成蔬菜破壞的是麋鹿數(shù)量的增