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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-威海海洋職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Sheknowssheneedsexercise,butfindsgoingtothegyma______.
問題1選項
A.job
B.toil
C.work
D.chore
【答案】D
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.job工作,職業(yè)B.toil苦工,勞累的工作
C.work工作D.chore日常事務,令人厭煩的任務
【考查點】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)but可知,句子前后句意為轉折關系,按照句意“她知道自己需要鍛煉,但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)去健身房是件______”可知,去健身房鍛煉不是一件輕松的事情,所以該題選擇D項恰當。
【干擾項排除】
A、C項都是指職業(yè),不符合句意;
B項指報酬很低的苦活,去健身房鍛煉沒有工資,該項也不符合句意。
【句意】她知道自己需要鍛煉,但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)去健身房是件苦差事。
2.單選題
Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI().
問題1選項
A.hadto
B.would
C.must
D.shouldhave
【答案】D
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。D選項這種結構shouldhavedone,這里用了省略,表示過去應該做,但卻沒有做的事情。句意為:我上周沒有把申請表發(fā)出去,但我應該發(fā)出去的。D選項正確。
3.單選題
AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.
OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.
Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.
1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?
2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans().
3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho().
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat().
5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?
問題1選項
A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.
B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.
C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.
D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.
問題2選項
A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns
B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry
C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep
D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork
問題3選項
A.succeedinrealestateinvestment
B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances
C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor
D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins
問題4選項
A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage
B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife
C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess
D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren
問題5選項
A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.
B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.
C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.
D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度贊揚在這片新土地上所能找到的自由和機會??芍狣項“人們可以充分享受個人自由”正確。
2.語義題。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在這片土地上,“一個人辛勤勞動的回報與他勞動的進步同步”的承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧困移民,并推動了國家向西部地區(qū)的擴張??芍粋€人的回報與其付出成正比,付出越多,回報越大。故A項正確。
3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales?;衾仔?阿爾杰(HoratioAlger)是一位為小男孩寫小說的作家,他的白手起家的故事成為美國最暢銷的作家??芍狧oratio是憑借自己的勞動從白手起家到成功致富的人。故C項正確。
4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神話甚至已經(jīng)侵入了我們的人際關系:今天,在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事業(yè)中取得成功一樣重要?!笨芍绹俗非笊罡鞣矫娴某晒?。故B項正確。
5.細節(jié)事實題。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.這些區(qū)別的象征向我們和其他人保證,我們堅信所有人的基本平等,但我們仍盡最大努力將自己與我們的同胞區(qū)分開來。由此可知美國文化當中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等,另一方面卻希望將自己與別人區(qū)分開來,美國人追求的與其信仰沖突,故D項正確。
4.單選題
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.
Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?
Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.
Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.
Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.
Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.
Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.
1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat(
)
2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat(
)
3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat(
)
4.Thearticleconcludesthat(
)
問題1選項
A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.
B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.
C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.
D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.
問題2選項
A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.
B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.
C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.
D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.
問題3選項
A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.
B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.
C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.
D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.
問題4選項
A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.
B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.
C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.
D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段,高失業(yè)率確實是現(xiàn)在存在的一種社會現(xiàn)象,并且會持續(xù)下去。所以選項中“atruthoflife”最符合題意,選項D最符合題意。
2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”,第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工業(yè)時代的到來推動了整個工業(yè)模式的變化。選項C符合題意。
3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段。所有人都受到了就業(yè)影響,其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”,那些沒有受雇的人,如學生和退休人員,故選項C符合題意。
4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”,可知選項D符合題意。
5.單選題
--“Doesn’tyourwiferestrainyoufromsmoking?”
--“I()fromsmokingeversinceourmarriage.”
問題1選項
A.restrained
B.haverestrained
C.refrained
D.haverefrained
【答案】D
【解析】考查時態(tài)。由關鍵詞sinceourmarriage可知戒煙這件事從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,排除A,C選項;Refrain為不及物動詞,后面要加上from,構成固定搭配refrainfrom(不再做某事),因此D選項正確。
6.單選題
Therearenowadaysnotmanyteacherswhoarestrong
oftraditionalmethodsinclassroomteaching.
問題1選項
A.sponsors
B.contributors
C.advocates
D.performers
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Sponsors“贊助商”;contributors“貢獻者,參與者”;advocates“擁護者,提倡者”;performers“表演者,執(zhí)行者”。句意:現(xiàn)在提倡在教學中使用傳統(tǒng)方法的老師不多了。選項C符合題意。
7.單選題
Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.
問題1選項
A.verbally
B.universally
C.wickedly
D.visually
【答案】B
【解析】verbally口頭地;universally普遍地;wickedly惡劣地,居心叵測地;visually視覺地。句意:任何干涉他國內政的國家都應受到普遍譴責。選項B符合句意。
8.單選題
TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe________thewelfareofhisanimals.
問題1選項
A.criticalabout
B.indignantat
C.indifferentto
D.subjectto
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“愛挑剔的”;B選項“對……感到憤怒”;C選項“冷漠,不關心的”;D選項“受……支配”。句意:愛斯基摩人或許是所有印第安人里最值得信任和體貼的,但是他們看起來對動物的福利()。從句意以及關鍵詞But,后面半句要說愛斯基摩人的壞話,并且跟動物福利有關的。結合選項C選項最合適。
9.單選題
Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.
問題1選項
A.improve
B.enhance
C.guarantee
D.gear
【答案】D
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。improve“改善”;enhance“加強”;guarantee“保證”;gear“開動,使……合適”。句意:為了在國家激烈的貿易競爭中生存,我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和種類適合市場需求。選項D符合題意。
10.單選題
Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.‘It'siniquitous,’theysay,‘thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays...’
Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.
Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities,
Wemustnotforget,cither,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!
Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe‘smallads.’whicharcinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe'hatch,matchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor'agony'column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!
1.Whatismainideaofthispassage?
2.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis().
3.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?
5.Thepassageis().
問題1選項
A.Advertisement.
B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.
C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.
D.Thecostsofadvertisement.
問題2選項
A.appreciative.
B.trustworthy.
C.critical.
D.dissatisfactory.
問題3選項
A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.
B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.
C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.
D.Becausecustomerspaymore.
問題4選項
A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.
B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.
C.Goodqualityproductsdon’tneedtobeadvertised.
D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.
問題5選項
A.Narration.
B.Description.
C.Criticism.
D.Argumentation.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。結合全文內容可知,作者在第一段引出廣告這個話題,接著在接下來的段落從不同的角度講述了廣告給人們帶來的便利,表面上看似乎是在講廣告的優(yōu)點,但實際上是在講述廣告服務于社會的功能,而且第一段實際上也有提到廣告的缺點,不全是在講述廣告的優(yōu)點,所以選項C更為恰當。
2.觀點態(tài)度題。A選項appreciative“贊賞的”;B選項trustworthy“信任的”;C選項critical“批評的”;D選項dissatisfactory“不滿意的”。根據(jù)原文可知,作者所提到的大多是廣告積極的一面,說明作者對其的態(tài)度是贊賞的,所以選項A正確。選項B“信任的”有點言過其實,畢竟作者在第一段也提及了廣告的缺點,所以談不上信任依賴,選B不正確。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的一、二句“Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.廣告商往往好高騖遠,也許這就是他們總是招致批評的原因。批評者似乎對他們(廣告商)很氣憤,因為他們擅于自我推銷,而且有很多錢可以用來揮霍。”由此可知,批評者批評廣告商是因為廣告商喜歡吹噓,所以選項A符合原文。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“advertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.廣告為我們的口袋做出了積極的貢獻?!笨芍?,選項A正確;第二段提及“廣告可以提供信息,我們對家庭用品的了解很大程度上來自我們讀到的廣告”,也就是說我們可以買到自己想買的東西,所以選項B正確;選項C“高品質的產(chǎn)品不需要廣告”在文中沒有提及;選項D“廣告使我們的生活多姿多彩”,在原文第三段的時候提及,符合原文。所以本題選C。
5.判斷推理題。A選項Narration“敘事”;B選項Description“描寫”;C選項Criticism“批判”;D選項Argumentation“議論”。文章首段就是對廣告的批評,后面再通過對比的手法說明廣告的功能,所以選項C正確。
11.單選題
Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.
Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.
AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”
Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.
Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”
1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.
2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?
3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.
4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.
5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.
問題1選項
A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen
B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy
C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan
D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath
問題2選項
A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy
B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes
C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring
D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren
問題3選項
A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren
B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies
C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns
D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess
問題4選項
A.increasesasmengrowolder
B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior
C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease
D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms
問題5選項
A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften
B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen
C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups
D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干,通讀全文,以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻譯為:女人仍然比男人活得長,這是一個有據(jù)可查的事實。A選項“為什么女性比男性生活得更健康?!蔽恼轮须m提及,但并不是文章的主要內容。C選項“是什么讓男人不能享受更長的壽命呢?!痹谖恼碌牡诙斡兴w現(xiàn),但這篇文章不能簡單地概括為“男人不能享受更長的壽命。”D選項的意思跟C選項大體一致,也可排除。由此可知B選項符合題意。
2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻譯為:一個是遺傳基因的進化動力;另一個是需要保持足夠的健康來撫養(yǎng)盡可能多的孩子。因此可知B選項“她們天生就有傳遞基因的動力”符合題意。
3.作者意圖題。由題干關鍵句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”,中文翻譯為:好吧,這就是過去穴居人留下的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文轉折,可以得知C選項“挑戰(zhàn)關于我們祖先行為模式的理論”為正確答案。
4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”,中文翻譯為:測試產(chǎn)生的荷爾蒙還會引發(fā)更危險的行為和攻擊性,增加有害膽固醇的水平,增加患心臟病或中風的風險??芍狢選項“導致攻擊性行為和心臟病”正確。
5.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意:還有關于男人不喜歡經(jīng)??瘁t(yī)生的刻板印象?研究表明這是真的。由此可知C選項“與女性相比,男性總體上不愿意做身體檢查”正確。
12.單選題
Wehadn’tmetfornearly20years,butIrecognizedhim_____Isawhiminthestreet.
問題1選項
A.theminutethat
B.theminutewhen
C.atatimewhen
D.atatimethat
【答案】A
【解析】考查theminutethat句型。句意:我們將近二十年沒見過面了,但是當我在街上遇見他的那一刻我就認出了他。選項A符合題意。
13.單選題
Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin(
)populatedareas.
問題1選項
A.densely
B.intensely
C.abundantly
D.highly
【答案】A
【解析】densely濃密地,密集地;intensely強烈地,緊張地,熱情地;abundantly豐富地,大量地;highly高度地;非常。句意:人們普遍認為住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項A符合句意。
14.單選題
Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally(
)oftherealitythatthey
represent.
問題1選項
A.reflections
B.demonstrations
C.illuminations
D.reproductions
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”;demonstration“示范”;illumination“照明”;reproduction“繁殖”。句意:許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實的小說,都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實。選項A符合題意。
15.單選題
Ifyou(
)yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.
問題1選項
A.conduct
B.dismiss
C.grant
D.moderate
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項conduct“組織”;B選項dismiss“解散,解雇;不予理會,不予考慮”;C選項grant“授予”;D選項moderate“節(jié)制,減輕”。句意:如果你不考慮自己的需求,你將會有更多的機會獲得你想要的。選項B符合句意。
16.單選題
The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.
問題1選項
A.crucial
B.forcible
C.supreme
D.valuable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項crucial“決定性的”;B選項forcible“有說服力的”;C選項supreme“最高的;極大的,極其的”;D選項valuable“有價值的;重要的”。句意:這個案子的______問題是被告是否有犯罪動機。根據(jù)語境,A選項crucial“決定性的”比較符合犯罪動機在案件中的參考作用,符合題意。因此A選項正確。
17.單選題
Heis______abouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympics.
問題1選項
A.optimistic
B.optional
C.outstanding
D.obvious
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項optimistic“樂觀的”;B選項optional“可選擇的”;C選項outstanding“優(yōu)秀的;重要的”;D選項obvious“明顯的”。句意:他對自己在奧運會上贏得金牌的機率持______態(tài)度。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是對能否贏得金牌的預測,A選項optimistic“樂觀的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。
18.單選題
Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage().
問題1選項
A.relatively
B.actually
C.annually
D.comparatively
【答案】C
【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成幾十億美元價值的財產(chǎn)損害。
考查副詞辨析。relatively相對地;比較地;actually實際上;annually每年;comparatively比較上;相對地。因此C符合句意。
19.單選題
ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.
問題1選項
A.vanished
B.scattered
C.abandoned
D.rejected
【答案】C
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.vanished突然消失;絕跡B.scattered分散
C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕
【答案】C
【考查點】語義銜接
【解題思路】空格前后語義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)____在高速公路旁的樹林里?!备鶕?jù)前后語義可知,丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里,C選項abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語義銜接。
【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義銜接。
【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。
20.單選題
Chosewiselywhenconsideringapartner,whethertoattendchurchandhowyoulookafteryourbody.Thesedecisionscouldhaveasignificanteffectonyouroveralllifesatisfaction.That’saccordingtoastudythatchallengesthetheorythatlifehappinessislargelypredeterminedbyyourgenes.
Thiswidelyaccepted“set-point”theoryofhappinesssaysthatanindividual’slong-termhappinesstendstobestablebecauseitdependsmainlyongeneticfactors.Theideaisbasedinpartonstudiesthat
showidenticaltwinshavemoresimilarleveloflifesatisfactionthannon-identicaltwins,andsuggeststhatalthoughyourlevelofhappinessmayoccasionallybethrownoffbymajorlifeevents,itwillalwaysreturntoasetlevelwithintwoyears.
Tofindoutwhetherpeoplereallyaredestinedforacertainlevelofhappiness,BruceHeadeyattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustraliaandhisteamquestionedpeopleinGermanyabouttheirjobs,lifestylesandsocialandreligiousactivities.Theyfoundthatcertainchangesinlifestyleledtosignificantlong-termchangesinreportedlifesatisfaction,ratherthancausingthetemporarydeflectionsinhappinessthatset-pointtheorywouldsuggest.
Oneofthebiggestinfluencesonaperson’shappinesswastheirpartner’slevelofneuroticism.Thosewithpartnerswhoscoredhighlyontestsforneuroticismweremorelikelytounhappy一andtostayunhappyforaslongastherelationshiplasted.
Altruismandfamilyvaluesalsoinfluencedlong-termhappiness.Peoplewhoseannualsurveyresponseschangedtoplaceahigherpriorityonaltruisticbehaviorsandfamilygoalswererewardedwithalong-termincreaseinlifesatisfaction.Thosewhoprioritizedcareerandmaterialsuccess,however,experiencedacorrespondinglastingdecline.
Havingstrongreligiouscommitmentsalsoseemedtohelpinthepursuitofhappiness.“Peoplewhoattendchurchregularlyseemtobehappierthanpeoplearenotreligious,”saysHeadey.
Aperson’sweightturnedouttobeanotherfactorforlong-termhappiness,especiallyforwomen.Underweightmenscoredslightlylowerthanthosewithhealthyweights,whilewomenreportedbeingsignificantlylesshappywhentheywereobese.Beingoverweightappearedtohavenoeffectonmen’shappiness.
RobertCumminsatDeakinUniversityinBurood,Australia,notesthatchangesinhappinessreportedbyHeadey’steamcouldbeinfluencedbyindividualsfallingintoorrecoveringfromdepression.
Thegroupsuggestsitsfindingsmaybeappliedtootherpopulations,hav
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