考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)濱海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)濱海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obliterate“消滅，清除”；sequester“使隔絕”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使終止”。句意：于今年四月開始的“凈化我的新加坡”運(yùn)動(dòng)還包括一系列的培訓(xùn)、發(fā)展和與之相關(guān)的新技術(shù)的開發(fā)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcitesarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated，substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

36.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

37.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

38.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

39.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

40.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theymayslowimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingthecorder

D.howtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:36.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，可知他們不會(huì)回到國會(huì)公開擔(dān)心劣等種族污染美國血統(tǒng)的時(shí)代?？膳袛喑雒绹鴩鴷?huì)早期是將移民看待為一種劣等種族。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

37.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，可知隨著時(shí)間的推移，意大利人、羅馬尼亞人和其他所謂劣等種族的成員成為了美國人的楷模，他們?yōu)榻ㄔO(shè)這個(gè)偉大的國家做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。這些新移民也能夠取得同樣的成功。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為新的移民者可以做得和他們的前輩一樣好。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

38.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，可知Tells擔(dān)心墨西哥裔美國人可能注定要步美國黑人的后塵，大部分人可能會(huì)陷入貧窮和不好的境地?？膳袛喑鯰ells認(rèn)為他們可能永遠(yuǎn)貧窮，沒有成就。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

39.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，可知我們還應(yīng)該問一些更廣泛的問題，關(guān)于同化，關(guān)于如何確保人們作為外來者不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)被邊緣化?？膳袛喑鑫覀円獛椭碌囊泼裾呔褪且乐顾麄儽贿吘壔?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

40.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.”，可知這是一個(gè)比非法移民問題更大的問題，也比如何最好地保衛(wèi)國土問題更大。這個(gè)問題不僅影響新移民，也影響已經(jīng)在這里生活了的幾代人。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容，可知這個(gè)問題就是如何幫助移民更好地融入美國社會(huì)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過講笑話來掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對象。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有時(shí)讓別人成為笑話的對象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：在問題得以解決之前，有必要認(rèn)識(shí)它，承認(rèn)我們害怕是控制恐懼過程中不可分割的一部分。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deteriorate“惡化”；dissipate“浪費(fèi)”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗盡”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他對工作的熱情慢慢耗盡了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clarify表示“澄清，闡明”；B選項(xiàng)identify表示“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)justify表示“證明合法，替……辯護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)magnify表示“方大，贊美，夸大”。

由句意可知，購票者可以在網(wǎng)上購票平臺(tái)確定附加費(fèi)。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定使用。非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式通常是就在非謂語動(dòng)詞之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C選項(xiàng)。句意：這本書寫得不細(xì)心，有很多錯(cuò)誤。在發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候書已經(jīng)完成了，所以需要使用完成時(shí)態(tài)，而書本的編撰是由人完成的，需要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.

Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.

Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.

Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.

Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.

Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.

1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?

3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.

4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.

5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakers

B.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivities

C.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollege

D.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.

B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.

C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.

D.Topromotepublicinterest.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.speakatalargereception

B.speakontelevision

C.speakaccordingtotheschedule

D.speakwithoutpreparation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isveryprofessionalandtactful

B.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematter

C.expressestheboss’sideaofthematter

D.expressestheideasofboth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sidea

B.knowverywellwhothespeakeris

C.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpresses

D.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，政治家競選，銷售員推銷，傳教士傳道都是發(fā)布公眾演講，甚至是不經(jīng)常演講的人，比如剛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生，教會(huì)俱樂部或其他機(jī)構(gòu)成員也都做過公眾演講。幾乎每個(gè)人都或多或少會(huì)在公共場合發(fā)言，而那些表現(xiàn)出色的人往往會(huì)成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。由此可知，公眾演講是普通人所熟知的是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人都是公眾演講的觀眾。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，公眾演講的目的有很多，比如向聽眾傳授新思想，或提供有關(guān)某個(gè)主題的信息；創(chuàng)造一種良好的感覺或娛樂觀眾；試圖說服觀眾接受新觀點(diǎn),采取某些行動(dòng),或者以一種新的方式看世界?？傊际菫榱斯娎妫x項(xiàng)B從自己的演講中獲得滿足，在文中沒有提及。

3.根據(jù)原文句子可知，“offthecuff”和or前面的“unprepared”應(yīng)該表并列的關(guān)系，所以“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”指毫無準(zhǔn)備的演講，選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.”雖然演講者表述了演講所需的內(nèi)容，但是寫稿人有時(shí)會(huì)對他們雇主所要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.”無論演講稿是如何準(zhǔn)備的，觀眾都會(huì)認(rèn)為它傳達(dá)的是演講者的思想和心聲。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

8.單選題

Theremainingthreequartersofthepopulationwillincurmedicalbillsthatarelessthanwhattheypayforhealthinsurance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receive

B.suffer

C.keep

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。incur在句中是“承受”，A選項(xiàng)receive“接受”；B選項(xiàng)suffer“遭受”；C選項(xiàng)keep“保持”；D選項(xiàng)make“制造，制作”。句意：剩下四分之三的人將遭受醫(yī)療費(fèi)用比他們所交的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)還要低的境遇。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項(xiàng)flatten“擊??；摧毀；使平坦”；D選項(xiàng)decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認(rèn)為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來害處，至少在奉承其對葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來害處。結(jié)合此處語境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會(huì)，開啟了改革開放歷史新時(shí)期。從那時(shí)以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，譜寫了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會(huì)主義中國的面貌、中國共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開放是黨在新的時(shí)代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

11.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；preference“偏愛，傾向，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺得他的話題從他對問題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Thereisnotthewomanbornwhodesirestoeatthebreadofdependence,nomatter(

)fromthehandoffather,husband,orbrother;foranyonewhodoessoeatherbreadplacesherselfinthepoweroftheperson（）shetakesit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whethertheybefromwhich

B.whetheritbe...fromwhom

C.wouldtheybefromwhom

D.woulditbe…fromwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：世上沒有生來就想靠別人吃飯的女人，無論是靠父親、丈夫還是兄弟；因?yàn)槿魏我粋€(gè)人這樣做的話，就是將自己置于施舍之人的權(quán)利之下。根據(jù)句意可知，第一空主要是需要明確from的主語應(yīng)該是“thebread”，所以應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式的it來指代，由此可排除選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C；其次第二空的先行詞是theperson，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用whom，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Henevertellsanybodyabouthisplans;hekeepshisown（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.idea

B.opinion

C.counsel

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。idea“想法，主意，概念”；opinion“觀點(diǎn)”；counsel“建議；勸告”；secret“秘密”。keepone'sowncounsel"將自己意見（或計(jì)劃）保密，不暴露自己的意圖"。句意：他從沒告訴過別人他的計(jì)劃，他只聽從自己的想法。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。onthegroundof“以……為理由，因?yàn)椤?；forthesakeof“為了……的利益”；inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”。句意：他認(rèn)為有些人一出生就可以享受財(cái)富、特權(quán)和權(quán)勢的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的動(dòng)詞需要變?yōu)榉侵^語形式，而note與主句主語Shakespeare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此，正確答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：看莎士比亞的作品可知，他也是一個(gè)多產(chǎn)的短詩作者。

16.翻譯題

NoEnglishmanbelievesinworkingfrombooklearning.Hesuspectsalltheories,philosophicalorother.Hesuspectseverythingnew,anddislikesit,unlesshecanbecompelledbytheforceofcircumstancestoseethatthisnewthinghasadvantagesovertheold.Race-experienceiswhatheinvariablydependsupon,wheneverhecan,whetherinIndia,inEgypt,orinAustralia.Hisstatesmendonotconsulthistoricalprecedentsinordertodecidewhattodo:theyfirstlearnthefactsastheyare;thentheydependupontheirowncommonsense,notatallupontheiruniversitylearningoruponphilosophicaltheories.AndinthecaseoftheEnglishnation,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisinstinctivemethodhasbeeneminentlysuccessful.

【答案】

沒有一個(gè)英國人相信從書本能學(xué)會(huì)工作。他們懷疑一切理論，不管是哲學(xué)理論還是其他的。他們是對一切新鮮事物持懷疑態(tài)度，并深惡痛絕，除非迫于形勢，他們才認(rèn)識(shí)到新的事物確比舊的事物更有優(yōu)勢。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亞，只要可能，他們總是依靠他們自己的種族經(jīng)驗(yàn)。為了做出決策，英國的政治家們并不參閱歷史的先例，而是首先如實(shí)的弄清楚事實(shí)的真相；然后依靠自己的常識(shí)，而不是他們的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)或哲學(xué)理論。就英國民族而論，必須承認(rèn)這種本能的處事方法一向是成功的。

17.單選題

Whenthepressreleasearrivedinourinboxes,weknewwhatwouldhappennext.ANobellaureatehadstatedthatantioxidantsupplements“mayhavecausedmorecancersthantheyhaveprevented.”

Eventhemostfad-friendlysectionsoftheUKmediawereboundtocoverthestory.

Inreality,ProfessorJamesWatsonwasonlyrestatingwhatweatCancerResearchUKhavebeenpointingoutforyears.Largestudieshaverepeatedlyshownthat,withthepossibleexceptionofvitaminD,antioxidantsupplementshavenegligiblepositiveeffectonhealthypeople,atleastintermsofimportantthingssuchaspreventingpeoplegettingcancerordyingprematurely.Andsomesupplements—notablyvitaminsA,Eandbeta-carotene—evenseemtoslightlyraisetheriskofdiseaseandearlydeath.

It’satopicweatCancerResearchUKcomebacktoagainandagainonourscienceblogandonoursocialmediapages.Buthugeswatchesofthepublicremainconvincedthat“antioxidant”isabywordfor“healthy.”

What’ssointerestingabouttheantioxidantmythisitswiderculturalandsocialdimension.Whyisthisperceptionsohardtoshift?Andisthereanythingwecandoaboutit?

Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.Thisisn’tforwantofregulation,andtheAdvertisingStandardsAuthorityhaverepeatedlyupheldcomplaintsaboutadvertsthatmakeunsupportedclaimsaboutantioxidants’benefits.

Butthemuchweakerclaimthataproductmerely“containshighlevelsofantioxidants”leaveshealthclaimsimplicit,andkeepsregulatorsatbay.Abrandof“super-broccoli”—launchedwithmuchapublicspectacleinlate2011—wasbredtocontainhighlevelsofachemicalthatultimately,accordingtotheproduct’swebsite,“boostsourbody’sAntioxidantEnzymelevels.”Sogoodit’scapitalized.

Sotherelentlessdrip-dripofhealthproductadvertising—particularlyagainstabackgroundofcontinualreportsofBritain’sill-health—makesourtrenchantholdontheantioxidantsmythallthemoreunderstandable.Weneedthisstuff,we’retold.

Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.Theactual,proventhingsthatcanreduceourrisksofcancer,heartdisease,diabetes—andalltheotherchronicnastiesthatcomewithanageingpopulation—aresomewhatmoreuninteresting.Don’tsmoke.Stayinshape.Eatabalanceddiet.Limitalcoholintake.Keepactive.Thisishardwork.

Andastheresolution-fillednewyearkicksin,theexcitingprospectofahealthierlifeisreplacedbytherealizationthatbeinghealthyisalong-termproject.Poppingapillinsteadofgoingtothegymisatemptingprospectformanyofus.Confirmatorybiasisapowerfulthing.

ButtheUKpopulationisageing,andlikelytoplaceagreaterburdenontheNHSinfuture.Weoweittoourselves,andthosewillbepayingforourcare,tomakesurewe’reashealthyaspossibleforaslongaspossible.Puttingourfaithinaword,andapill—howevercomfortingitmaysound—todothisforusisamirageandafallacy.Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer,despitewhatwewanttobelieve.

1.ThereferencetoaNobellaureate’scommentonantioxidantsupplementsisto（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaythatleadstopeople’sstrongbeliefinantioxidants?

3.Itcanbeconcludedthatpeople’scollectivebeliefinantioxidantsisNOTbasedon（）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftakingantioxidantsupplements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.introduceatopic

B.reinforceanargument

C.enrichthedescription

D.confirmahypothesis

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thelackofregulation.

B.Thewidespreadinseminationofmedicalknowledge.

C.The“super-broccoli”story.

D.Theoverwhelminghealthproductcommercials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.deeply-rootedculturalperception

B.thecontinualreportsofBritain’sillhealth

C.theexistingprovenknowledge

D.confirmatorybiases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Keepingfitmeansbuildingamirage.

B.Antioxidantsprovideapromisingfutureprospect.

C.Keepingfitinvolvesmorethantakingantioxidants.

D.Antioxidantscanhelpstopageing.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者在第一段并沒有提出任何觀點(diǎn),而是通過引用諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者的評論來引出接下來要討論的問題,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第六段第一句“Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.”一個(gè)可能原因是,在宣傳各種食品和飲料對健康有益的廣告中,“抗氧化劑”一詞被廣泛使用。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第九段的第一句“Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.”但是,我們集體拒絕吞下科學(xué)證據(jù)的苦果,可能還有更深層次的原因。這里指人們不愿相信已經(jīng)證實(shí)的科學(xué)依據(jù),所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer...”抗氧化劑并不能延長我們的壽命,也不能預(yù)防癌癥。也就是說,保持健康不僅僅是服用抗氧化劑就可以的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

18.單選題

Shesaidthatshehad（

）couragetofight（

）brutalmanbecauseshehad（

）supportfrom（

）Lord.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thea...the.../

B./...a...the/

C.a...a...the...the

D.the...a...thethe

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞的用法。courage是不可數(shù)名詞，用the修飾;man是可數(shù)名詞，且上文沒有提及過，用不定冠詞修飾;support指從Lord那里得到的支持，特指，用the修飾；Lord是專有名詞，且獨(dú)一無二，用the修飾。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize資助；補(bǔ)助

C.subscribe申請；預(yù)訂D.subordinate使從屬于

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞government和theater，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，政府對于劇院應(yīng)該是資助，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多關(guān)于政府資助劇院的必要性的討論。

20.單選題

Nutritional（營養(yǎng)的）statusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.Poorly-nourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowthelessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfromaddedridiculeandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children'sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorly-nourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.（營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)）Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyoradeprivedenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalancebetweenthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorovernutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostcriticalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringcertainstagesofearlychildhoodcannotalwaysbereversedwithimproveddietaryintake.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby（）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Children'sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltothepoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdiseas