考研考博-英語-寧夏大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded(1)______itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood(2)______,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers(3)______unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell(4)______morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe(5)______hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers(6)______wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe(7)______bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many(8)______bloggerssoonobjected—notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe(9)______rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept(10)______giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.with

2.will

3.of

4.for

5.company

6.who

7.affected/influenced

8.other

9.same

10.expensive

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。句意表示微軟公司最近出售的便攜電腦都裝載新開發(fā)的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)，表示裝載時(shí)，load與with搭配。

2.考查語義。根據(jù)句意，Thegifts體現(xiàn)了好意，也引起了爭論。因此填入will，goodwill表示“善意”。

3.考查固定搭配。本句說到有些博客職責(zé)微軟公司行賄，并列部分省略了“accusing”，表示還職責(zé)同行缺乏職業(yè)道德。表示職責(zé)時(shí)使用“accuseof”。

4.考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金額，說明賣了多少錢，此時(shí)使用固定搭配“sellfor”。

5.考查語義。句中缺少的是賓語從句的主語。綜合上下文，送出90臺電腦給博主們的就是微軟公司。此處只需填company即可。

6.考查語法知識。前半句“thecompanyhadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers”，后半句的謂語動詞“wroteabout”說明正是這些被送電腦的博客們寫了些東西。因此這里缺的是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，而這個(gè)詞要在從句中充當(dāng)主語指代bloggers，應(yīng)填入who。

7.考查語法知識。本句說的是“其他可能會受新操作系統(tǒng)……的技術(shù)和對象”，根據(jù)語義可知應(yīng)填入“影響”。并且此處為被動語態(tài)，應(yīng)填入過去分詞形式，affected或influenced都可以。

8.試題分析：句中提到，有些博主不接受贈予是因?yàn)椴┲骱蛡鹘y(tǒng)的記者一樣受到條款的制約，而不是他們不再列表式。前文提到接受贈予的額博主是在郵件列表上的，因此這些博主就用“other”修飾。

9.考查語義。這些博主與傳統(tǒng)的記者受到……的條款約束，此處應(yīng)表示‘’同樣的。并且“same…as…”表示“同樣”的意思。因此填入same。

10.考查語義。根據(jù)上文提到電腦的售價(jià)，可知此處表示“他們不能接受他們所報(bào)道的公司的昂貴禮物”。因此填入expensive。

2.翻譯題

Passage1

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisabiglie.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalf.Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Expertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Passage2

Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessacitytrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersorhavingalightsleepinacorner;noonespeaks.Infact,todosowouldseemmostunusual.AnEnglishman,pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitors,oncesuggested,“Onenteringarailwaycarriageshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelysuspect.

Passage3

Theprincipallinesofdevelopmentofmachineryhavebeenanincreaseinthespeedofoperationtoobtainhighratesofproduction,improvementinaccuracytoobtainqualityandeconomyintheproduct,andminimizationofoperatingcosts.Thesethreerequirementshaveledtotheevolutionofcomplexcontrolsystems.Themostsuccessfulproductionmachineryisthatinwhichthemechanicaldesignofthemachineiscloselyintegratedwiththecontrolsystem,whetherthelatterismechanicalorelectricalinnature.Amodemconveyorforthemanufactureofautomobileenginesisagoodexampleofthemechanizationofacomplexseriesofmanufacturingprocesses.Developmentsareinhandtoautomateproductionmachines,further,usingcomputerstostoreandprocessthevastamountofdatarequiredformanufacturingavarietyofcomponentswithasmallnumberofversatilemachinetools.Oneaimisacompletelyautomatedmachineshopforbatchproduction.

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingpassageandtranslateitaswellasyoucan.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Ifmorethanonetranslationappearsonyouranswersheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored.

【答案】3.單選題

ThecourtruledthatJohnwas（）inhittingthemaninself-defensepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justified

B.accused

C.approved

D.admitted

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。justified證明...正當(dāng)；accused指責(zé)，控告；approved認(rèn)可；admitted承認(rèn)。句意：法院裁決John被證明打人是正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)而受到懲罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which______increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inturn

B.bychance

C.byfortune

D.incase

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“inturn”意為“反過來；轉(zhuǎn)而；輪流”；B選項(xiàng)“bychance”意為“偶然；意外地”；C選項(xiàng)“byfortune”意為“由于幸運(yùn)”；D選項(xiàng)“incase”意為“萬一；假使”。句意：壓力大的環(huán)境會導(dǎo)致不健康的行為，如不良的飲食習(xí)慣，而這些行為反過來增加了患高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由題干可知，unhealthybehaviors（不健康的行為）是由壓力大的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的，但它反過來又導(dǎo)致了highbloodpressureandheartdisease（高血壓和心臟?。?。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

我認(rèn)為沒有人不喜歡到處去看看：多看看他人，多閱他鄉(xiāng)，不但可以認(rèn)識世界，亦可認(rèn)識自己。有人旅行時(shí)乘豪華游輪，謝靈運(yùn)再世大概也會如此。有人背負(fù)行囊，翻山越嶺；有人騎自行車環(huán)游天下。這些都令人羨慕。我所傾向的，卻是駕車長征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更愛旅行，所以夫妻兩人正好互做旅伴，這一點(diǎn)只怕徐霞客也要羨慕。不過徐霞客是大旅行家、大探險(xiǎn)家，我們，只是淺游而已。

【答案】Inmymind,everybodylovestolookaround,meetingmorepeopleandvisitingmoreplaces.Theycannotonlyunderstandtheworld,butalsorecognizethemselves.Someofthemtraveledbyacruise,andXieLingyunmaybeoneofthemifhewouldreincarnate.Somepickedupthetravelingbagacrossthemountains.Sometraveledaroundtheworldbybike.Alloftheseareenviable.Ijustprefertodrivealongjourneyandseetheendsoftheearth.MywifeisfondoftravelingthanI,andthereforewetwoaretravelingcompanion,whichmaybeenviedbyXuXiake.ButXuisagreattravelerandexplorer.Weonlysuperficiallytravel.

6.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項(xiàng)rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項(xiàng)reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項(xiàng)deny表示“否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會認(rèn)為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項(xiàng)deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

______divorceourselvesfromthemassesofthepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Innotimeweshould

B.Innotimeshouldwe

C.Atnotimeweshould

D.Atnotimeshouldwe

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒裝和固定搭配。句意：在任何時(shí)候我們都不應(yīng)該脫離人民群眾。innotime“立刻”，atnotime“絕不”，結(jié)合語境確定用atnotime；根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考查具有否定意義的詞組放句首的部分倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為否定意義的詞組+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語+其他，所以D選項(xiàng)Atnotimeshouldwe符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whoiswho

B.whoiswhom

C.whichiswhich

D.whoiswhich

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.whoiswho誰是誰B.whoiswhom誰是誰

C.whichiswhich哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)D.whoiswhich誰是哪個(gè)

【考查點(diǎn)】習(xí)語用法。

【解題思路】由if條件句的意思“如果我把這對孿生兄弟分開看”，可知Idon’tknow______應(yīng)該表示“我分不清誰是誰”，而whichiswhich通常用于區(qū)分兩個(gè)十分相似的人或事物。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示人們的情況，如姓名、工作、身份等，如WhenIgotothosefamilyreunions,Icanneverrememberwho’swho.（我去參加那些家庭團(tuán)圓聚會時(shí)，從來記不住誰是誰。）；

B、D選項(xiàng)沒有這個(gè)用法。

【句意】如果我把這對孿生兄弟分開看，我分不清誰是誰。

9.單選題

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.

Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.

1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speakforthemajority

B.initiateaveto

C.criticizethegovernment

D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.friendly

C.supportive

D.hostile

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestoday

B.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeath

C.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportance

D.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenalty

B.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolation

C.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenalty

D.executionsandmurders

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是討論最激烈的話題，所以文章的主題為死刑。又根據(jù)下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知許多人肯定死刑的價(jià)值，認(rèn)為死刑是對謀殺罪的有效震懾，而另一些人則認(rèn)為死刑沒有多大的價(jià)值，因?yàn)闆]有足夠的證據(jù)證明死刑的實(shí)施減少了謀殺的數(shù)量。又根據(jù)文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者認(rèn)為死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措。綜上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于為死刑的價(jià)值作辯護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一種是在盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命，一種是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺。前者可以僅僅通過社會隔離的方式受懲罰，而后者則不然?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為要根據(jù)謀殺程度來選擇死刑。所以作者對那些主張對所有人判處死刑的人的反應(yīng)很可能是否定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一種謀殺罪犯（盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命）應(yīng)該僅僅被社會隔離，而第二種冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺的罪犯不應(yīng)該僅僅被隔離，而是應(yīng)該被處以死刑?？膳袛喑龅诙悮⑷朔笐?yīng)該被處以死刑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亞的例子得出結(jié)論。本州謀殺率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止實(shí)施的結(jié)果，可以清楚地表明，死刑確實(shí)制止了許多謀殺的念頭。可判斷出作者想要討論的是死刑的實(shí)施和謀殺率的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度?？v觀全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)“死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措”，然后在下文通過論述和實(shí)例證明，死刑的實(shí)施確實(shí)有助于抑制謀殺率?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔τ趯?shí)施死刑的態(tài)度是支持的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthatsayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmouths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKinghton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakesenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Theyarethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowever,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholProblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomthemselvesstuckresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest（

）.

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat（

）

4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage（Para3.Line4）probablymeans（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentscanliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoing

C.theyoungadultstendtotheoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.agreements

B.worries

C.disadvantages

D.quarrels

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpense.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一種錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)：孩子到了18歲就應(yīng)該離家獨(dú)立；有社會學(xué)家稱中產(chǎn)階級中這一觀念有著重大的轉(zhuǎn)變。由此可知，在以前的美國社會中，大多數(shù)成年的子女都會離開家庭獨(dú)立生活，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第二段提及年輕成年人返回家的原因：結(jié)婚年齡上升；離婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力大的人重新尋求父母的庇護(hù)；去離家遠(yuǎn)的大學(xué)上學(xué)花費(fèi)大，所以很多人都選擇當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髮W(xué)。選項(xiàng)A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第三段提到年輕人與父母居住會造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手間，電話和隱私的爭議等等，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.hassles所在的句子：Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后問可知，這里講述的是年輕人與父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在這里有“爭論，爭吵”的意思，比如關(guān)于洗手間、電話和隱私的爭執(zhí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段指出大多數(shù)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為成年子女與父母一起生活對雙方都不好：子女本來想自我獨(dú)立，卻被挫??；父母本應(yīng)該享受經(jīng)濟(jì)和個(gè)人自由，卻又被責(zé)任束縛。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這項(xiàng)研究吸引了媒體的廣泛報(bào)道,并在英國廣播公司電視臺的《明日世界》節(jié)目中進(jìn)行了專題報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Thevariouscountriesarestrivingtodefendtheir（）economiesagainstimperialisttradeattacks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respected

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respective

【答案】D

【解析】respected受尊敬的；respectful恭敬的,有禮貌的；respectable值得尊敬的；respective分別的,各自的。句意：各國都在努力保衛(wèi)各自的經(jīng)濟(jì)不受帝國主義貿(mào)易攻擊。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensation“感覺，轟動，感動”；B選項(xiàng)teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項(xiàng)fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項(xiàng)prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Astudysuggeststhelong-termsurvivalbenefitsofshoppingarebetterthangoingtothegym,becauseseeingfriendsandjustpeople-watchingcanstaveofflonelinessandimprovepsychologicalhealth.

Theresearchersfoundthosewhoshoppeddailylivedlongerthanthosewhoshoppedlessfrequently,evenaftertakingaccountsofpeople’sphysicalorotherhealthproblems.Inshoppingvenues,socializingwith,orwatchingotherscanprovidesocialandmentalbenefits.Comparedwithothertypesofleisure-timephysicalactivity,likeformalexercise,whichusuallyrequiresmotivationandsometimesprofessionalinstruction,shoppingiseasiertoundertakeandmaintain.

【答案】一項(xiàng)研究表明，購物比健身更有利于長壽，因?yàn)橐娨娕笥押蛢H僅看看路人就可以避免孤獨(dú)和改善心理健康。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些每天購物的人比那些不經(jīng)常購物的人活得更長，即使在考慮了人們的身體或其他健康問題之后也是如此。在購物場所，與他人交流或看看他人可以豐富社交，帶來精神上的好處。與其他類型的休閑體育活動相比，比如正式的鍛煉，這通常需要?jiǎng)恿?，有時(shí)還需要專業(yè)指導(dǎo)，購物更容易進(jìn)行和堅(jiān)持下去。

15.單選題

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incendiary“縱火的，煽動性的，能引起燃燒的，非常辣的”；B選項(xiàng)incandescent“輝耀的，熾熱的，發(fā)白熱光的”；C選項(xiàng)dispassionate“不帶感情的，平心靜氣的，公平的”；D選項(xiàng)contumacious“不聽命令的，反抗法院命令的，頑固的”。句意：看到微風(fēng)吹過，緩和了炎熱的下午，真是令人高興。Fervid“熱情的，熾熱的，熱心的，熱的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

1EtienneKlein,acelebratedFrenchphysicistandpopularizerofscience,seemssettolosehispostaspresidentoftheInstituteforAdvancedStudiesinScienceandTechnology(IHEST)inParisafterallegationsthatheplagiarizedtheworkofmorethanadozenscientists,philosophersandwritersinvariousbooksandarticles.AsourceatFrance’sMinistryofScienceandEducationyesterdayconfirmedthatadecreeendingKlein'stenurehasbeensignedbythecurrentministerandisnowawaitingthesignatureofFrenchPresidentFrancoisHollande.

2ButKleinsaysherefusestoleave.Inanopenletterpublishedlastweek,hewrotethataninvestigativepanelthatlookedintothematterhasfoundnoevidenceofmisconductandthatheseesnoreasontostepdown.“Myscientificintegrityisabsolute,”Kleinwrotetosciencejournalistsinanemail.Thereporthasnotbeenmadepublic.

3KleinleadsasmallgroupstudyingscienceitselfattheAlternativeEnergiesandAtomicfameEnergyCommission(CEA)nearParis,butseldompublishesinthescientificliterature;hisfamestemsfrombooksandarticlesinpopularmagazines,mostlyaboutphysics.Healsohostsaweeklyradioshowaboutscience.PresidentHollandeappointedKleinpresidentofIHEST—whichseekstobuildtrustinscienceandtoreflectonitssocialeconomicandpoliticalaspects—inSeptember2016.

4InNovember,theweeklymagazineL’ExpressreportedthatKleinhadcopiedpassagesfromFrenchandforeignauthorsinarecentbiographyofAlbertEinsteinandinseveralotherpublications.Kleindefendedsomeoftheinstancesbutadmittedhehadmade“mistakes”inothers;afewdayslater,L'Expresspublishedsevenmoreexamplesofallegedplagiarism,towhichKleinhasnotresponded.

5CEAhasnotinvestigatedthematter.AspokespersonsaysKleinwrotethedisputedpublicationsonhisowntime,notasaCEAresearcher.“Thisisaprivatematter,”thespokespersonsays.Thisiswhygovernmentofficialsaskedanindependentfour-memberpaneltoinvestigatethecharges.ThecommissionfinisheditsworkinlateJanuary,butwhenitpresenteditsreporttothegovernment,nothinghappenedforalmost2months.ThenKleinpublishedhisopenletteron29March.

6Intheletter,hequotedafewparagraphsfromthereportinwhichthecommissionsaidithadnotfoundethicalbreachesinKleinsworkforCEAandthatitwasneither“competent”nortaskedtojudgewhetherKleincommittedplagiarisminthelegalsense.Nonetheless,thecommissionrecommendedthathestepdownfromIHEST,Kleinwrote,“soasnottocausedifficultiesfortheinstituteanditsimportantmissions.”Kleinsayshehasnointentionofdoingso.“Idon’twanttobejudgedbythepress,butaccordingtothecriteriaofFrenchlaw,”hewroteinanemail.

7Theleaderofthefour-memberpanelsayshecan'tdiscussthereport;hesayshehopesitwillbemadepublicbytheauthorities.ButheconfirmsthatthepaneldidnotconsidertheissueofwhetherKleinsreuseofotherwriters’wordsbrokeanylaws.“Kleincametothecommissionwithhislawyer,”hesays,“we’renotjudges,werenotthepolice,we'rejustfouracademics.”

8KleinsaysthathisbookaboutEinsteincontainsmorethan120attributedquotesaswell,which“provesthatIhavenoproblemwithquotingsomeone.WhatIambeingblamedforisduetocarelessnessornegligence,especiallyinmyfilemanagement,nottoaconsciousdesiretoplagiarize.”

9Inastorypublishedlastweek,L*ExpressspeculatesthatKlein’sopenlettermayhavebeenalast-ditchefforttoaverthisdismissalordelayadecisionuntilaftertheupcomingelections,inthehopethatanewpresidentmightsavehim.ButKleinsaysheisnotawareofanydecisiontofirehim.Hesayshewentpublicbecausehehadexpectedthecommissiontopubliclyreaffirmhisscientificintegrity.“Thatwasakeyissueforme,Kleinsays.“Whennothinghappenedinthatregard,Idecidedtospeakoutmyself.”

1.Basedonthisveryrecentarticle,wemayassumethatEtienneKleinis（

）.

2.TheinformationinthisarticleseemstoindicatethatKlein（

）.

3.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,Kleinappearedtobeonthevergeofgettingfiredfromatleastoneofhispositions.Hisreactionhasbeento（

）.

4.InhisworkatIHESTKlein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wellknownprimarilytohisfellowphysicists

B.bestknowntoFrenchtelevisionviewerswhowatchhisshow

C.wellknowntomostFrenchpeoplecuriousaboutscience

D.wellknownprimarilytohighofficialsofthecurrentFrenchgovernment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.occasionallyneglectedtostatethatbitsoftextinhispublishedworkcomefromotherwritersandresearchers

B.falsifiedscientificdatatoincreasehischancesofgettinghisarticlesacceptedforpublication

C.presentedtheresearchfindingsofotherscientistsashisownwork

D.publishedalifeofAlbertEinsteinputtogetherfronbitsandpiecestakenfromtheworkofotherbiographers,withoutattributionandwithlittleofhisownwriting

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.darehisdetractorstoremovehimthroughcourtaction,accordingtoFrenchlaw

B.arguethathecannotberemovedbyFrenchpoliticiansunlesshisfellowphysicistsagree

C.announcethathewillstepdownquietlyifthepresidentsowishes

D.appealtotheFrenchpublictosupporthiminhisstrugglewithjealousscientificrivalsandhostilepoliticians

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.doesresearchintheoreticalphysics

B.studiestheneedsofFrenchscientistsandreportsthemtothegovernment

C.leadshiscolleaguesinthinkingaboutnon-scientificaspectsofscience

D.studiesscienceitself

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章指出:EtienneKlein一位著名的法國物理學(xué)家和科學(xué)普及者。本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng):A“主要被同行物理學(xué)家中熟知”；B“在看他的節(jié)目的法國電視觀眾中最有名氣"；C“被大多數(shù)對科學(xué)好奇的法國民眾熟知”；D“主要被現(xiàn)任法國政府高級官員所熟知”,其中C項(xiàng)最為合適。

2.推理判斷題。關(guān)于Klein的抄襲問題,他自己的說法是:關(guān)于愛因斯坦的書中包含了超過120個(gè)引語，這證明了我在引用某人時(shí)沒有問題。我被指責(zé)的原因應(yīng)該是粗心或疏忽，尤其是在我的文件管理中，而不是不是有意抄襲。因此選A:偶爾忽略了他所發(fā)表的作品中的一些文字來自其他作家和研究人員。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出Klein拒絕離開。在上周發(fā)表的一封公開信中，他寫道，一個(gè)調(diào)查小組沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何不當(dāng)行為的證據(jù)，而且他認(rèn)為沒有理由下臺?！拔业目茖W(xué)誠信是絕對的，”Klein在一封電子郵件中給科學(xué)記者寫道。該報(bào)道尚未公開。因此選A:根據(jù)法國法律，通過法律手段，挑戰(zhàn)詆毀他的人。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:PresidentHollandeappointedKleinpresidentofIHEST-whichseekstobuildtrustinscienceandtoreflectonitssocialeconomicandpoliticalaspects~inSeptember2016(奧朗德總統(tǒng)任命克萊恩為IHEST的主席,希望建立對科學(xué)的信任并對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治方面進(jìn)行反思)。故選C:帶領(lǐng)同事思考科學(xué)的非科學(xué)方面。

17.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasb