考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivewaytothequestion“whydidithappen?”P(pán)rominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventandthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminationthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

17.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonewayinwhichtraditionalhistorycanbedistinguishedfrompsychohistoryisthattraditionalhistoryusually____________.

19.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

20.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword“deepest”inPara.3inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Historyiscomposedofuniqueandnon-repeatingeventsthatmustbeindividuallyanalyzedonthebasisofpubliclyverifiableevidence

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reliesonasingleinterpretationofhumanbehaviortoexplainhistoricalevents

B.interpretshistoricaleventsinsuchawaythattheirspecificnatureistranscended

C.viewspasteventsascomplexandhavingtheirownindividuality

D.turnstopsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontextstoaccountforevents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

C.Whatsortofhistoricalfigureisbestsuitedforpsychologicalanalysis?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

B.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimfortheirwork

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians’methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.questiontheusefulnessofpsychohistorians’insightsintotraditionalhistoricalscholarship

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段提出“歷史研究在傳統(tǒng)上的特點(diǎn)”；第二段講“現(xiàn)代歷史研究的特點(diǎn)和它與傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的不同點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致了心理歷史學(xué)的出現(xiàn)，談及心理歷史學(xué)的流行性”；第三段與第四段講“心理歷史學(xué)研究的特點(diǎn)與相比傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的不足”。因此，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，文章談及“心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方式很流行，但是，相比傳統(tǒng)歷史研究，心理歷史研究有些不足”因此A選項(xiàng)“雖然缺乏傳統(tǒng)歷史研究方式的精確性和嚴(yán)密性，但是心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方式很流行”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家可以從研究心理歷史學(xué)的方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)中獲得幫助”，C選項(xiàng)“歷史是由唯一的且不可重復(fù)性的事件構(gòu)成，并且這些事件須在公開(kāi)可驗(yàn)證的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行單獨(dú)分析”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人的行為和態(tài)度的心理評(píng)估比其日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)涵蓋的信息量更大”均未在文中提及，可排除。故選A。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到最后一段中談及心理歷史學(xué)的不足。Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.（它把決定當(dāng)前情況的決定論強(qiáng)加給過(guò)去，這就剝奪了人和事件的獨(dú)特性和復(fù)雜性。）Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.（它不是尊重過(guò)去的特殊性，而是把過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件都吸收到一個(gè)單一的決定論模式中，假設(shè)這個(gè)模式在任意時(shí)間和任意環(huán)境中都是正確的。）由此可以推論出傳統(tǒng)歷史的特點(diǎn)是認(rèn)為過(guò)去事件復(fù)雜且有各自個(gè)性。因此C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為過(guò)去的事件是復(fù)雜的，有自己的個(gè)性”正確，符合題意。由第一段Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.（按傳統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，歷史研究的邊界已固定，側(cè)重于時(shí)代，國(guó)家，大事件和重要領(lǐng)袖）可知A選項(xiàng)“依賴對(duì)人行為的單一解釋來(lái)解釋歷史事件”與原文不符，可排除。定位在第三段Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.（心理歷史學(xué)不從歷史中尋找“事實(shí)”，（比如）對(duì)歷史事件及其影響的詳實(shí)完備的記錄，而來(lái)自對(duì)創(chuàng)造歷史的個(gè)體的精神分析，不從他們一生中的具體事件推導(dǎo)觀點(diǎn)，而是來(lái)自超越歷史的人性觀。）可知，B選項(xiàng)“以超越歷史事件的特定本質(zhì)的方式來(lái)解釋歷史事件”屬于現(xiàn)代心理歷史學(xué)研究的特點(diǎn)，可排除。由第三段第一與第二句Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.（心理史學(xué)不只是在歷史背景下使用心理學(xué)解釋。歷史學(xué)家總是在合適的時(shí)候和有足夠證據(jù)的時(shí)候使用這種解釋。）可知D選項(xiàng)“從心理學(xué)角度來(lái)解釋歷史背景下的事件”屬于傳統(tǒng)歷史研究和現(xiàn)代心理歷史學(xué)研究的共同特點(diǎn)，并不是傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)所獨(dú)有的，可排除。故選C。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第三段Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.（它（心理歷史學(xué)）違背歷史學(xué)證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：證據(jù)必須對(duì)所有的歷史學(xué)者公開(kāi)，進(jìn)而被所有學(xué)者檢驗(yàn)。）可以推論出文章回答了傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么這個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家所要求的歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“從心理歷史學(xué)的角度對(duì)歷史進(jìn)行解釋的一些典型例子是什么？”B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為對(duì)歷史發(fā)展的心理學(xué)的解釋是合理的？”，C選項(xiàng)“什么類型的歷史人物最適合進(jìn)行心理學(xué)分析？”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故選D。

20.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第三段中心理歷史學(xué)相比傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)的不足如Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.（它（心理歷史學(xué)）違背歷史學(xué)證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：證據(jù)必須對(duì)所有的歷史學(xué)者公開(kāi)，進(jìn)而被所有學(xué)者檢驗(yàn)。）以及第三段中Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.（心理歷史學(xué)家們都相信自己觀點(diǎn)的絕對(duì)正確，相信他們的觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)任何事件的“最深刻”的解釋而其他人的解釋都不是真相。）可知，作者在這里為deepest加引號(hào)的目的是對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)他們自己工作準(zhǔn)確性的宣稱不贊成，但是沒(méi)有直接提出反對(duì)，只是持有保留態(tài)度。因此B選項(xiàng)“表明她對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)他們工作的準(zhǔn)確性持保留意見(jiàn)”，正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家方法中的一個(gè)矛盾引起注意”，C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家的方法與心理歷史學(xué)家的方法的主要區(qū)別”，D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)術(shù)的見(jiàn)解的有效性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

2.單選題

Hehadwanteda25%raiseinpay,butaftertalkingtohisboss,hedecidedthata5%raisewouldhaveto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffice

B.satisfy

C.gratify

D.delight

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。suffice“足夠；足以”；satisfy“滿意；令人滿意”；gratify“使?jié)M足”；delight“高興；使高興”，在經(jīng)過(guò)和他老板談話之后他覺(jué)得可以接收5%的漲薪，將漲薪25%與漲薪5%相比，5%只可以說(shuō)是夠的，可以接受的。句意：他原想漲薪25%，但是經(jīng)過(guò)與他老板談話之后，他決定漲5%就……。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

3.單選題

Throughmicroscopespeoplecanseeobjectsthatare______tothenakedeyes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invisible

B.invincible

C.incredible

D.impassable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)invisible“無(wú)形的，看不見(jiàn)的”，B項(xiàng)invincible“無(wú)敵的，不能征服的”，C項(xiàng)incredible“不能相信的，難以置信的”，D項(xiàng)impassable“不能通行的，無(wú)路可通的”。根據(jù)句子意思“通過(guò)顯微鏡，人們可以看到對(duì)肉眼來(lái)說(shuō)……物體”可知，A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：通過(guò)顯微鏡人們可以看到肉眼看不見(jiàn)的東西。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

MollyBrownwaslabeled“unsinkable”aftershehelpedtoevacuatepassengersfromtheill-fatedshiptheTitanic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anticipate

B.comfort

C.remove

D.shelter

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)anticipate“預(yù)料，預(yù)期，預(yù)見(jiàn)”，B項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，使（痛苦等）緩和”，C項(xiàng)remove“移開(kāi)，拿開(kāi)，轉(zhuǎn)移”，D項(xiàng)shelter“保護(hù)，使掩蔽”。句意：莫莉布朗在幫助疏散泰坦尼克號(hào)上的乘客后被貼上了“永不沉沒(méi)”的標(biāo)簽。根據(jù)句意可知，evacuate在句中表示“疏散”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Theywereinadreadful______whentheirmoney,ticketsandpassportswerestolenwhiletheywereonholiday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspiracy

B.plight

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀；共謀”；B選項(xiàng)plight“困境；境況；誓約”；C選項(xiàng)serenity“平靜，寧?kù)o；晴朗，風(fēng)和日麗”；D選項(xiàng)custody“保管；監(jiān)護(hù)；拘留；撫養(yǎng)權(quán)”。句意：他們度假時(shí)，錢(qián)、機(jī)票和護(hù)照被盜，陷入了可怕的困境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

TheOlympicGamescanbetracedbacktotheancienttimes.TheGreekslikedallkindsofsports,becausesportsmadethebodystrong.ThegameswereheldeveryfouryearsandhundredsofthousandsofpeoplegatheredonvastflatlandstoappreciatethecompetitionbetweenathletesfromallpartsofGreece.Theeventsincludedrunning,wrestling,andhorseraces.Therewereeventsforbothadultsandchildren.Inmostofthegames,adultsandchildrenworelittleornoclothing.Instead,oilwasspreadoverthebody.Thetrophywasalaurelmadeofoliveleaves.Itwasthegreatesthonortobecrownedwithalaurel.

Hardworkenablesmetosurvivethemostdifficulttimeinmylifeabroad,duringmyfirstfewemployments.However,afterIjoinedmycurrentcompany,myworkaholicwassoonchallengedbymyboss.WhenIcalledhimathomeafterofficehoursforbusinesspurpose,hepolitelyremindedmethathepreferredtalkingaboutworkwithmelaterintheoffice.Whentheholidayseasonapproached,healwaysaskedmetoschedulemyleavebeforehand.Hetalkedwithmeabouthisholidayandalsoenquiredaboutmine.Forhimleaveistheright,butalsoaneed.

【答案】奧運(yùn)會(huì)可以追溯到古代。希臘人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)能讓身體強(qiáng)壯。奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年一次，成千上萬(wàn)的人聚集在廣闊的平地上來(lái)觀看希臘各地運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間的比賽。比賽項(xiàng)目包括跑步、摔跤和賽馬。成人和兒童的項(xiàng)目都有。在大部分比賽中，成人和兒童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦滿油。獎(jiǎng)杯是用橄欖葉做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的榮譽(yù)。

在我最初的幾次工作中，努力工作讓我度過(guò)了在國(guó)外生活的最困難時(shí)期。然而，在我加入現(xiàn)在的公司后，我的工作狂行為受到了自己老板的挑戰(zhàn)。每當(dāng)我下班后跟他打電話談?wù)摴ぷ鲿r(shí)，他禮貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班時(shí)間跟我討論。臨近假期時(shí)，他總是讓我提前安排假期。他經(jīng)常和我談?wù)撍募倨?，也打?tīng)我的假期。對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，放假是一種權(quán)利，也是一種必要。

7.填空題

Readingandcomprehendingalargenumberofdocumentsandreports—manyofthemspecializedandtechnical—isavitaltaskthatisintrinsictofulfillingmanagementand________responsibilities.(execute)

【答案】executive

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】intrinsic的用法為beintrinsictosth.，形容詞fulfilling修飾management，意思為“令人心滿意足的”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知responsibilities和management是名詞，橫線處和fulfilling為形容詞，executive意思為“執(zhí)行的”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】閱讀和理解大量的文件和報(bào)告——其中許多是專業(yè)和技術(shù)性的——是一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的任務(wù)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)管理和執(zhí)行職責(zé)所固有的。

8.單選題

Hepromisedmealetter;heoughtto______itdaysago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havewritten

B.write

C.hadwritten

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。oughtto或should加不定式原形在時(shí)間上相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)；oughtto或should加不定式的完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在本句中，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)daysago已經(jīng)決定了句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定是過(guò)去時(shí)，即oughttohavedonesomething，句意：他答應(yīng)給我寫(xiě)封信；他幾天前就該寫(xiě)了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything（

）goingonintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“……goingonintheworld”為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞everything，且關(guān)系代詞that可省，所以選用therebe句型，表示“世界上正在發(fā)生的”。句意：沒(méi)有人有時(shí)間去讀或去聽(tīng)關(guān)于這個(gè)世界正在發(fā)生的所有事情

10.單選題

Heisamanyoucanrelyon.Henevergoesbackonhis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.word

B.words

C.permission

D.saying

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他是一個(gè)值得信賴的人。他從不食言。

考查固定搭配。gobackonone’swords食言。

11.單選題

Menandwomenofallagescanbenefitfrom（）amountsofdailyphysicalexercise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desperate

B.considerate

C.literate

D.moderate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)desperate“絕望的；不顧一切的”；B選項(xiàng)considerate“體貼的；考慮周到的”；C選項(xiàng)literate“精通文學(xué)的；受過(guò)教育的”；D選項(xiàng)moderate“穩(wěn)健的；適中的；有節(jié)制的”。句意：所有年齡段的男性和女性都可以通過(guò)（）的每日體育鍛煉受益。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，moderate“適中的；有節(jié)制的”搭配physicalexercise“體育鍛煉”比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition（自1985年8月9日以來(lái)，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人死于核武器。而在這一時(shí)期卻有5000萬(wàn)人死于廉價(jià)的、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的武器和小型爆炸物），說(shuō)明小型武器的濫用已經(jīng)造成了比核武器還嚴(yán)重的后果，應(yīng)該重視小型武器的控制。因此B選項(xiàng)“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“核武器控制談判不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議”，C選項(xiàng)“核武器的殺傷力已經(jīng)減弱了”，D選項(xiàng)“核武器是50年前軍控談判的主題”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.（由于小型武器對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)世界的國(guó)家影響很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他們生活的圈子之外，因此富國(guó)的人們很難意識(shí)到小型武器泛濫所帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重性。），說(shuō)明先進(jìn)國(guó)家的人們沒(méi)有及時(shí)地意識(shí)到小型武器問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有及時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們要處理毒品交易和政治恐怖主義問(wèn)題”，由原文可知，他們的生活圈子中沒(méi)有毒品交易和政治恐怖主義，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有由小武器引起的這種問(wèn)題”，C選項(xiàng)“他們面臨其他更重要的問(wèn)題，如污染”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器很便宜”，由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.（小型武器和輕武器很便宜。）可知，A屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“小型武器有威力”，由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一個(gè)原因是它們是致命的。）可知，B屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“小武器更容易使用”，由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它們也易于使用和維護(hù)。）可知，C屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“小型武器更容易得到”在文中沒(méi)有提及，因此本題選D。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.（通常犯罪組織利用同一渠道一個(gè)方向走私毒品另一方向走私槍支。），說(shuō)明犯罪組織利用同一渠道走私毒品和槍支。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正確。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器在黑市上并不昂貴”，原文沒(méi)有說(shuō)小型武器在黑市上的價(jià)格，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“用小型武器換鉆石是不公平的”，原文只介紹了用鉆石購(gòu)買小型武器的事件，沒(méi)有評(píng)價(jià)其是否公平，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”，原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器，沒(méi)有說(shuō)兩者必然同時(shí)存在，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章闡述了小型武器給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的極大危害，造成了大量人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。因此D選項(xiàng)“小武器，大問(wèn)題”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器談判，而不是核軍備談判”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小型武器控制的忽視”，C選項(xiàng)“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能全面地概括文章的內(nèi)容，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

13.單選題

Allthepartsofthismodelofautomobileare（

）,sothatyoucaneasilyreplacethemeverywhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.normalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)”；mechanize“使機(jī)械化”；normalize“使變得正常”。句意：這種型號(hào)的汽車的所有部件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，所以你可以很容易到處更換。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfoundthatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded-andcancomebacktohaunt（困擾）you—appearstobethekeytothefinding.

JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.

Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachmentofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.

ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldberereadandwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.

Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime-inaninstantmessageorphonecall,say-thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneousresponsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:“Doyoulikemydress?”

Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.

1.Hancock’sstudyfocuseson（

）.

2.Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?

4.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause（

）

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmedia.

B.Thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas

C.Peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

D.People’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

B.Peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions

C.Peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunication

D.Peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.

B.Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.

C.Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia

D.Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers

B.salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate

C.salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy

D.salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunications

B.moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployees

C.suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposes

D.emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句：Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.漢考克從而計(jì)算出各種媒介下每次談話中的說(shuō)謊數(shù)量。他發(fā)現(xiàn)電子郵件中謊話的比例占14%,即時(shí)消息中占21%,面對(duì)面交談時(shí)占27%,令人驚訝的是電話交談中說(shuō)謊的比例竟高達(dá)37%。確定漢考克的研究關(guān)注的是人們?cè)诓煌浇橄碌恼\(chéng)實(shí)度，D選項(xiàng)‘使用不同通訊媒介時(shí)人們的誠(chéng)實(shí)度‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’各種媒介撒謊的后果‘，文章沒(méi)有提到，C選項(xiàng)‘人們?cè)谶x擇通訊技術(shù)方面的偏好’，文章沒(méi)有提到，B選項(xiàng)‘現(xiàn)代通訊技術(shù)在表達(dá)思想方面所取得的成功’，文章只提到通訊技術(shù)，沒(méi)有提及其在表達(dá)方面的成功信息，所以排除，

2.根據(jù)第五段第一句話：Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime-inaninstantmessageorphonecall...：人們?cè)诎l(fā)送即時(shí)消息或是打電話等實(shí)時(shí)交流時(shí)更容易說(shuō)謊。A選項(xiàng)‘人們很少在實(shí)時(shí)交流中說(shuō)謊’錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三段第三句：Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchanges：另外一些專家認(rèn)為人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)面交流時(shí)，更易于說(shuō)謊，B選項(xiàng)‘人們不太可能在面對(duì)面交流中說(shuō)謊’錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)電話交談時(shí)說(shuō)謊的幾率是兩倍。這是漢考克教授的研究結(jié)果，與題目所問(wèn)不符，錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第二段最后一句告訴讀者漢考克教授發(fā)現(xiàn)用電子郵件交流時(shí)說(shuō)謊的比例最低，而用電話交流時(shí)比例最高。根據(jù)第三段：Hisresults...havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars...：一些專家認(rèn)為人們?cè)陔娮余]件中最易于說(shuō)謊，因此漢考克教授的研究結(jié)果令他們吃驚，所以C選項(xiàng)‘人們最有可能在電子郵件中說(shuō)謊‘符合題意。

3.根據(jù)第四段第二句：Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount：當(dāng)人們知道交流內(nèi)容日后可能被拿來(lái)與他們對(duì)證時(shí)，就不太敢說(shuō)謊了。這說(shuō)明人們害怕留下撒謊的記錄，所以A選項(xiàng)‘人們害怕留下撒謊的記錄‘正確。B選項(xiàng)‘他們相信誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的策略’、C選項(xiàng)‘運(yùn)用那些媒介時(shí)人們往往很輕松’文中都沒(méi)有提及，排除。根據(jù)第三段最后一句：peopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.人們?cè)谶M(jìn)行面對(duì)面的交流時(shí)說(shuō)的謊話會(huì)多一些，因?yàn)槲覀冏钌瞄L(zhǎng)于這種形式的交流，確定D選項(xiàng)‘在使用那些媒介時(shí)，人們更老練?！c題目的意思相反，排除。

4.A選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以直接與顧客交談’。C選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以給顧客留下值得信任的印象’。D選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以有效地傳遞即時(shí)信息’。這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)文章未提及。排除。根據(jù)第六段第二句：...thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.電話可以作為銷售的最好媒介，因?yàn)樵诖螂娫挄r(shí)，雇員們有勇氣夸大其詞，確定B選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以放松地夸大其詞?！_。

5.根據(jù)最后一段：...thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.電話可以作為銷售的最好媒介。因?yàn)榇螂娫挄r(shí)，雇員們有勇氣夸大其詞。但考慮到結(jié)果，注重誠(chéng)信的工作業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定最好還是通過(guò)電子郵件開(kāi)展。確定C選項(xiàng)‘為了不同的交際目的，可以選擇不同的媒介形式’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘人際交流中應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)誠(chéng)實(shí)’、B選項(xiàng)‘更多的雇主會(huì)使用電子郵件與員工交流’、D選項(xiàng)‘現(xiàn)在電子郵件是公司內(nèi)主要的交流媒介’與原文不符，排除。

15.單選題

DonHambrick,amanagementprofessoratPennState'sSmealCollegeofBusiness,says"It'sbecomemuchmore_______andalotlessfuntobeanexecutiveordirector."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sinking

B.indifferent

C.taxing

D.slouching

【答案】C

【解析】sinking沉沒(méi);indifferent無(wú)關(guān)緊要的;taxing繁重的,費(fèi)力的;slouching沒(méi)精打采的,懶散的。句意：賓夕法尼亞州Smeal大學(xué)商學(xué)院管理學(xué)教授DonHambrick表示:“做一名主管或總監(jiān)更費(fèi)力，也少了許多樂(lè)趣。”選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingscanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.

Buildingsaccountfor65percentoftotalU.Selectricityuse.Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwateruse.Also,thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways,sothatpeoplecandrivetheircarsless.Thatcouldbegoodfortheenvironment,becausecarsuselotsofnaturalresourcessuchasgasoline,andgiveoffpollution.Greenbuildingsareoftenbuiltonpreviouslydevelopedland,sothatthebuildingsdon’tdestroyforestsorotherwildhabitats.

MartyDettlingisprojectmanagerforabuildingthatputstheseideasintoaction.TheSolairehasbeencalledthecountry’sfirstgreenresidentialhigh-risebuilding.AccordingtoDettling,“We’vereducedourenergyconsumptionbyone-thirdandourwaterby50percent.”Noteveryoneisleapingtomoveintoagreenbuilding,however.Somepeoplethinkthatfeaturessuchassolarpanelscostmoremoneythanmoretraditionalenergysources.Despitethis,Dettlinghopesthatgreenbuildingswillbecomecommoninthefuture.“It’sgoingtobebig,”shesaid.

1.Whatdogreenbuildingsrefertonowadays?

2.Theword“Also”(line2,Para.2)isusedto（

）.

3.Intermsoflanduse,greenbuildingsareconstructedby（

）.

4.WhyaresomepeopleNOTsointerestedingreenbuildings?

5.WhatdidMartyDettlingmeanwhenshesaid“It’sgoingtobebig”?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Buildingspaintedbygreenhands.

B.Buildingscoveredwithgreenplants

C.Buildingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Buildingslikehouses,factories,andoffices.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.continuethediscussionoftotalU.Selectricityuse

B.expandthetopicofthereductionofenergyandwateruse

C.includethediscussionofpublictransportation

D.shiftthefocustothetopicoftheenvironmentprotection

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.makinguseofthedevelopedland

B.developingnewland

C.clearingthegroundinaforest

D.destroyingwildhabitats

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotjumpintoagreenbuilding.

B.Theyfailtomoveintoagreenbuilding.

C.Theythinkthatsolarpanelsarenotsafeenough.

D.Theyfinditmorecostlytoliveinagreenbuilding.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleexpectbiggergreenbuildings.

B.Greenbuildingshaveagreatpotential.

C.Greenbuildingswillbelargerinsize.

D.Peopleprefertoliveinbiggerbuildings.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段：Greenbuildingscanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.綠色建筑還可以指環(huán)保