考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天府新區(qū)信息職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天府新區(qū)信息職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。onone’sheels是固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“緊隨其后”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：小偷到處逃竄，當(dāng)?shù)鼐旄F追不舍。

2.單選題

Ifwe（

）ourideasandresourceswemaybeabletoproduceareallygoodplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pour

B.plunge

C.pool

D.assemble

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我們集中所有的想法和資源，我們也許能制訂一個(gè)真正完美的計(jì)劃。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Pour使(液體)連續(xù)流出,傾倒,倒出,涌流;plunge使陷入,使投入;pool集中資源(或材料等);assemble集合,聚集。由關(guān)鍵詞ourideasandresources(想法和資源)可知C符合句意。

3.單選題

Theuniversityisnowmakingeffortstomakethesupplyanddemandofinformationmore（）andtoprotectstudents'rightswithlegaladvice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transparent

B.visible

C.applicable

D.practical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。transparent"透明的;顯然的";visible"看得見(jiàn)的";applicable"可適用的,可應(yīng)用的";practical"實(shí)際的,實(shí)用性的"。句意：學(xué)校目前正在努力使信息的供求更加透明,并通過(guò)法律咨詢來(lái)保護(hù)學(xué)生的權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.翻譯題

長(zhǎng)城是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就像到了巴黎沒(méi)去看菲爾鐵塔(EiffelTower)，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連接成長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

【答案】TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it’sjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,“HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecomethe“GreatWall”untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayuguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.

5.單選題

Whenoneofmyroommatesbrokehislegduringabasketballgame,thedoctorattheclinicsaidthathecouldn’tcureit,sowehadtotakehimtothehospitalfivekilometersfromhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokehislegduring

B.attheclinic

C.couldn’tcureit

D.thehospitalfivekilometersfromhere.

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。During改成in。during表示“在…期間“，其強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，但brokehisleg是發(fā)生在某一特定時(shí)點(diǎn)的并無(wú)時(shí)間上持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。

6.翻譯題

Theabilityoffallingcatstorightthemselvesinmidairandlandontheirfeethasbeenasourceofwonderforages.Biologistslongregardeditasanexampleofadaptationbynaturalselection,butforphysicistsitborderedonthemiraculous.

Newton’slawsofmotionassumethatthetotalamountofspinofabodycannotchangeunlessanexternaltorquespeedsituporslowitdown.Ifacathasnospinwhenitisreleasedandexperiencesnoexternaltorque,itoughtnottobeabletotwistaroundasitfalls.

Inthespeedofitsexecution,therightingofatumblingcatresemblesamagician’strick.Thegyrationsofthecatinmidairaretoofastforthehumaneyetofollow,sotheprocessisobscured.Eithertheeyemustbespeededup,orthecat’sfallsloweddownforthephenomenontobeobserved.Acenturyagotheformerwasaccomplishedbymeansofhigh-speedphotographyusingequipmentnowavailableinanypharmacy.

Butinthenineteenthcenturythecaptureonfilmofafallingcatconstitutedascientificexperiment.TheexperimentwasdescribedinapaperpresentedtotheParisAcademyin1894.Twosequencesoftwentyphotographseach,onefromthesideandonefrombehind,showawhitecatintheactofrightingitself.Grainyandquaintthoughtheyare,thephotosshowthatthecatwasdroppedupsidedownwithnoinitialspin,andstilllandedonitsfeet.Carefulanalysisofthephotosrevealsthesecret:Asthecatrotatesthefrontofitsbodyclockwise,therearandtailtwistcounterclockwise,sothatthetotalspinremainszero,inperfectaccordwithNewton’slaws.Halfwaydown,thecatpullsinitslegsbeforereversingitstwistandthenextendsthemagain,withthedesiredendresult.

Theexplanationwasthatwhilenobodycanacquirespinwithouttorque,aflexibleonecanreadilychangeitsorientation,orphase.Catsknowthisinstinctively,butscientistscouldnotbesurehowithappeneduntiltheyincreasedthespeedoftheirperceptionsathousandfold.

【答案】很久以前，降落中的貓?jiān)诎肟罩衅胶馍眢w并以腳落地的能力一直令人好奇。生物學(xué)家們一直認(rèn)為這是適應(yīng)自然選擇的一個(gè)例子，但對(duì)于物理學(xué)家，這真的是不可思議。

牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律認(rèn)為身體自旋的總量不變，除非外部扭矩使之加速或減緩。如果一只貓?jiān)诒会尫艜r(shí)沒(méi)有旋轉(zhuǎn)，也沒(méi)有感受到外部扭矩，那么它在下落時(shí)就不應(yīng)該旋轉(zhuǎn)。

翻滾著的貓，以如此的速度平衡身體就像一個(gè)魔術(shù)師變戲法。貓?jiān)诎肟罩械男D(zhuǎn)得太快，人類(lèi)的眼睛很難看清，所以這個(gè)過(guò)程是模糊的。要觀察這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，要么眼睛必須加速，要么貓的下降減速。一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，前者可以通過(guò)高速攝影的方法做到，使用的是現(xiàn)在在任何藥店都能買(mǎi)到的設(shè)備。

但在19世紀(jì)，拍攝墜落的貓構(gòu)成了一個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。1984年的一篇論文《巴黎學(xué)院》描述了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。兩組共20張照片，一組從側(cè)面，另一組從后面，展示了一只白貓平衡自己的行為。盡管照片有紋理很老式，但是展示了貓的行為：起初沒(méi)有旋轉(zhuǎn)，卻翻滾著落下，并仍然用腳落地。對(duì)照片的仔細(xì)分析揭示了這個(gè)秘密：貓順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)身體前部時(shí)，身體后部和尾巴逆時(shí)針扭動(dòng)，所以總自旋仍然是零，完全符合牛頓定律。下降中途，貓?jiān)陬嵉古まD(zhuǎn)之前腿部收緊然后再展開(kāi)，這樣就得到了預(yù)期的最終結(jié)果。

其解釋是：盡管沒(méi)有扭矩，身體不能旋轉(zhuǎn)，但是靈活者可以隨時(shí)改變其旋轉(zhuǎn)方向或階段。貓本能地知道這點(diǎn)，但科學(xué)家們不能確定這事是怎么發(fā)生的，直到他們將其感知提高一千倍的速度。

7.單選題

Theymightbewillingtomovefromcountrytocountry,untiltheyendupinabackwaternationwithnolawsorlawmakerstospeakof,andcanproceedwiththeirmiserably_______experiments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.well-built

B.ill-conceived

C.well-groomed

D.ill-bred

【答案】B

【解析】well-built體格健美的,體型勻稱的;ill-conceived沒(méi)有想好的;計(jì)劃不周的;well-groomed被小心照料的，整潔的;ill-bred缺乏教養(yǎng)的;粗魯?shù)?。句意：他們可能愿意從一個(gè)國(guó)家遷移到另一個(gè)國(guó)家，直到他們最終生活在一個(gè)沒(méi)有法律或立法者的落后國(guó)家，這樣就能夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行他們?cè)愀獾挠?jì)劃不周的實(shí)驗(yàn)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。auction“拍賣(mài)，競(jìng)賣(mài)”；sample“品嘗，體驗(yàn)”；enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)迫”；wrap“包，纏繞”。句意：在這里你可以選擇最合你口味的，在做決定之前，你甚至可以品嘗他們。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知這里提及的是一種食物，然后可推知在決定購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前可以品嘗。故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.

AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehavior.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.

However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.

1.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?

2.Whyarethesalesofmicrowavesexpectedtorise?

3.WhatrecommendationdoesthestudybytheUniversityofManchestermake?

4.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaytrytoargue?

5.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaythinkoftheuseofmicrowaves?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Quick-cookingmicrowaveovenshavebecomemorepopular.

B.Thefrequentuseofmicrowavesmaydoharmtoourhealth.

C.CO2emissionsconstituteamajorthreattotheenvironment.

D.TheuseofmicrowavesemitsmoreCO2thanpeoplethink.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarebecomingmoreaffordable.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifecyclethanotherappliances.

C.Theyaregettingmucheasiertooperate.

D.Theytakelesstimetocookthanotherappliances.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cookingfoodofdifferentvarieties.

B.Improvingmicrowaveusers’habits.

C.Eatinglesstocutenergyconsumption.

D.Usingmicrowaveovenslessfrequently.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therearefarmoreemissionsfromcarsthanfrommicrowaves.

B.Peopleshouldbepersuadedintousingpassengercarslessoften.

C.TheUKproduceslessCO2thanmanyothercountriesintheEU.

D.Moredataareneededtoshowwhethermicrowavesareharmful.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillbecomelesspopularinthecomingdecades.

B.Itmakeseverydaycookingmuchmoreconvenient.

C.Itplaysapositiveroleinenvironmentalprotection.

D.Itconsumesmorepowerthanconventionalcooking.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“這項(xiàng)新研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？”。文章第一段第一句提到Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.（把食物放進(jìn)微波爐加熱幾分鐘似乎完全無(wú)害，但一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，歐洲的這些快速烤箱所排放的碳相當(dāng)于近700萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)的排放量）可知D項(xiàng)“使用微波排放的二氧化碳比人們想象的要多”正確。A項(xiàng)“快速烹飪的微波爐越來(lái)越受歡迎”和C項(xiàng)“二氧化碳排放對(duì)環(huán)境構(gòu)成重大威脅”在文中沒(méi)有提到，B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常使用微波爐對(duì)我們的健康有害”表述與原文不符。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為什么微波爐的銷(xiāo)量會(huì)上升？”。第一段指出Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.（隨著成本的下降和廚房電器成為“有身份”的物品，業(yè)主們正在扔掉平均8年后的微波爐；這推動(dòng)了新型微波爐的銷(xiāo)售，預(yù)計(jì)到本世紀(jì)末，新型微波爐在歐盟的年銷(xiāo)量將達(dá)到1.35億臺(tái)）可知，因?yàn)槌杀鞠陆邓晕⒉t的銷(xiāo)量上升，故A項(xiàng)“它們變得越來(lái)越便宜”正確。B項(xiàng)“相比其他電器，它們有一個(gè)較短的生命周期”，原文指出平均8年的微波爐可知，微波爐的壽命不短；C項(xiàng)“它們?cè)絹?lái)越容易操作”和D項(xiàng)“它們比其他電器花更少的時(shí)間做飯”在文中都沒(méi)有相關(guān)的描述。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“曼徹斯特大學(xué)的研究提出了什么建議？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehavior.（根據(jù)該研究，減少消費(fèi)的努力應(yīng)該集中在提高消費(fèi)者的意識(shí)和行為上）可知，曼徹斯特大學(xué)的研究建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該改變自己對(duì)微波爐使用的意識(shí)和行為，所以B項(xiàng)“改善微波爐用戶的使用習(xí)慣”符合題意。第二段最后一句提到Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.（例如，消費(fèi)者可以通過(guò)調(diào)整烹飪時(shí)間以更有效的方式使用電器）可知A項(xiàng)“烹飪不同種類(lèi)的食物”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“少吃以減少能源消耗”和D項(xiàng)“減少使用微波爐的次數(shù)”在文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“大衛(wèi)雷伊教授想要論證什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第一句However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.（然而，碳管理教授大衛(wèi)雷伊認(rèn)為，盡管微波消耗大量能源，但與汽車(chē)相比，它們的排放量要小得多）可知，A項(xiàng)“汽車(chē)排放的廢氣比微波爐多得多”正確。B項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該說(shuō)服人們減少使用轎車(chē)的次數(shù)”，汽車(chē)的二氧化碳排放量高只是雷伊教授論證中的一個(gè)對(duì)比，B項(xiàng)不選；C項(xiàng)“英國(guó)產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳比許多其他歐盟國(guó)家要少”，表述與原文相反，原文指出ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU（這些汽車(chē)的排放量超過(guò)了歐盟所有國(guó)家的微波爐排放量），C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)證明微波爐是否有害”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“大衛(wèi)雷伊教授對(duì)微波爐的使用有什么看法？”。文章最后兩句提到Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.（在常用的廚房用具中，微波爐是最節(jié)能的，其次是爐子，最后是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤箱；因此，微波爐銷(xiāo)量的上升可以被視為一件積極的事情），由此可知，在常用的廚具中，微波爐比其他電器都要節(jié)能，所以C項(xiàng)“它在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面發(fā)揮了積極的作用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“在未來(lái)的幾十年里，它會(huì)變得不那么受歡迎”表述與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“它使每天做飯更方便”在最后一段沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)“它比傳統(tǒng)烹飪消耗更多的能量”表述與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書(shū)有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類(lèi)，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說(shuō)起來(lái)很容易。然而很少有人要求書(shū)本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書(shū)，要求小說(shuō)必須真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書(shū)能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見(jiàn)。如果我們讀書(shū)之前能拋開(kāi)這些偏見(jiàn)，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開(kāi)始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開(kāi)始就批判他，你就無(wú)法從書(shū)中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開(kāi)心扉，那么書(shū)中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開(kāi)頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來(lái)，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來(lái)要明確得多的東西。

11.單選題

IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.BominCanton,NewYork,thesonofawealthypublisher,RemingtonwasaboxerandafootballplayeratYale—thelastnameonewouldexpecttobecometheartistoftheOldWest.Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.Attheageofnineteen,heleftcollegetolookforadventure.HetraveledfromMontanatoTexas,asacowpuncherandprospector.Remingtonhadalwaysbeeninterestedinjournalism.Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.Thesubjectof“WinningoftheWest”sofascinatedtheEastthatmagazinesandnewspaperswerecrammedwithaccountsoftheprospector’sadventures,andofbattleswithrustlersandotherout-laws—allthetalesthatwerethennewsandhavesincebecomelegendsinAmericanhistory.

TherearealsostoriescontributedbyBretHarte,RichardHardingDavis,JoaquinMiller,andmanymore.OftenthesewereillustratedbysketchesandpaintingsfromRemington’shand,butitwasasasculptorthatRemingtonwasthegreatestartist.

1.Thewriter’spurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Bierstadt’srelationshiptotheRockyMountaincanbecomparedtothatRemington’sto（）

3.Duringhisyouth,Remingtonreadthewritingsof（）.

4.Remingtonbasedhisartonthe（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compareRemingtonwithCatlinandBierstadt

B.showhowthenewsstoriesofoneagebecomethelegendsofthenext

C.describethemajorworksofRemington

D.outlineRemington’scareer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.NewYork

B.YaleUniversity

C.thestoriesofBretHarte

D.thecowboysoftheWest

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hart

B.Catlin

C.Bierstadt

D.Miller

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.storieshereadinnewspapers

B.thingshehadseenandexperienced

C.paintingshecopiedfromCatlinandBierstadt

D.principleshehadlearnedatYale

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，首先講到了雷明頓曾經(jīng)是一名拳擊手和足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，19歲開(kāi)始喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，后面成為一名勘探者，一直對(duì)新聞行業(yè)感興趣，把自己看到的事物記載下來(lái)等等，這些都是在描述雷明頓的職業(yè)生涯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.”。如果說(shuō)卡特林是美國(guó)印第安人的畫(huà)家，比爾施塔特是描繪落基山脈的畫(huà)家，那么西部牛仔和定居者的畫(huà)家則是弗雷德里克?雷明頓。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.”。但當(dāng)他是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡馬，喜歡讀喬治?卡特林、劉易斯和克拉克的作品。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.”，他是將他看到的和經(jīng)歷過(guò)的寫(xiě)下來(lái)或者畫(huà)下來(lái)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.

Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthataresourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,orself-improvement.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,andexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.

Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporthree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowwhyanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfantodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.

Understandingandacceptingthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisonemostliberatingrealization.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealreadyhavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

1.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemust（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause（

）.

3.Raisingchildren,intheauthor’sopinion,is（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpointtheauthorisgoingtotellus?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwithpainunderallcircumstances

B.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun

C.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompain

D.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriage

B.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilities

C.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingle

D.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.amoralduty

B.athanklessjob

C.arewardingtask

D.asourceofsuffering

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hatred

B.ignorance

C.prejudice

D.misunderstanding

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain

B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.

C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments

D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段：Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.如果娛樂(lè)和快樂(lè)等同于幸福，那么痛苦就等于不幸。...theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.但事實(shí)上，恰恰相反;導(dǎo)致幸福的事情往往包含一些痛苦。確定B選項(xiàng)’娛樂(lè)與幸福區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’忍受各種環(huán)境下的痛苦‘、C選項(xiàng)’盡一切努力讓自己從痛苦中解脫出來(lái)‘、D選項(xiàng)’—生當(dāng)中，盡可能的娛樂(lè)‘與原文不符，排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段：Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.如果他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的他會(huì)告訴你他害怕做出承諾，承諾是非常痛苦的。確定B選項(xiàng)‘他不愿意承擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’他發(fā)現(xiàn)約會(huì)比婚姻有更多的樂(lè)趣‘、C選項(xiàng)’他相信，如果他繼續(xù)單身，他的生活會(huì)更加快樂(lè)‘、D選項(xiàng)’他害怕結(jié)束生活中的快樂(lè)、冒險(xiǎn)和刺激‘與原文不符，排除。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段：Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.但是，決定不生孩子的夫妻永遠(yuǎn)體會(huì)不到看著一個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)大和含飴弄孫所帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)。確定C選項(xiàng)‘是一項(xiàng)有回報(bào)的使命‘正確。A選項(xiàng)‘一種道德義務(wù)’、B選項(xiàng)‘一項(xiàng)吃力不討好的工作’、D選項(xiàng)‘是痛苦的來(lái)源’與原文矛盾。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句：Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealreadyhavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.它把我們從嫉妒中解放出來(lái)：我們現(xiàn)在知道那些總是有那么多樂(lè)趣的人也許根本就不幸福。確定D選項(xiàng)‘誤解’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘憎恨’、B選項(xiàng)‘無(wú)知，愚昧’、C選項(xiàng)‘偏見(jiàn)’不符合原文，排除。

5.根據(jù)文章第一段：Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.我們堅(jiān)信充滿樂(lè)趣，沒(méi)有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.如果娛樂(lè)和快樂(lè)等同于幸福，那么痛苦就等于不幸福。但事實(shí)上，但事實(shí)上，恰恰相反;導(dǎo)致幸福的事情往往包含一些痛苦。整個(gè)文章就是圍繞這一主題展開(kāi)論述的，所以A選項(xiàng)‘幸福經(jīng)常與痛苦緊密相連’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘人必須知道怎樣獲得幸?！?、C選項(xiàng)‘做出承諾很重要’原文沒(méi)有提到。D選項(xiàng)‘是痛苦引起了幸?！c原文矛盾，排除。

13.單選題

Soil（）isanaturalprocess.Itbecomesaproblemwhenhumanactivitycausesittooccurmuchfasterthanundernaturalconditions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preservation

B.abrasion

C.erosion

D.eruption

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。preservation保留，保護(hù)；abrasion磨損，損耗；erosion腐蝕，侵蝕；eruption噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)。句意：土壤侵蝕是一個(gè)自然過(guò)程。當(dāng)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致它比自然條件下發(fā)生得快得多時(shí)，這就成了一個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Ifsheisstupid,she’s（）pleasanttolookat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atanyrate“無(wú)論如何，至少”；bychance“偶然，意外地”；ataloss“困惑不解”；bytheway“順便說(shuō)說(shuō)，順便問(wèn)一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(隨機(jī)地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.

Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.

AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.

InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.

AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.

AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingtorhousing.

“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”

“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisorRA.TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合)”,therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations”.

TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?

2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?

3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?

4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?

5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.

B.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.

C.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.

B.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.

C.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.

D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.

B.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.

C.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.

D.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.

B.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.

C.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.

D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.

B.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.

C.Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.

D.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.（最近的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)包容性，但也可能會(huì)增加沖突的幾率。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)有好的結(jié)果和不好的結(jié)果，并且沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)更有可能是好的還是不好的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能有不同的結(jié)果”正確，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生之間的沖突不可避免”和C選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起弊大于利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生互相有偏見(jiàn)”：根據(jù)第二段Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudice（最近的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)減少偏見(jiàn)），可知文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是偏見(jiàn)可能會(huì)減少，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)偏見(jiàn)的存在。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段blackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.（與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生在整個(gè)大學(xué)生涯中獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就。研究人員認(rèn)為這可能是社會(huì)壓力造成的。）和第四段InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”（在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一篇文章中，大學(xué)一年級(jí)唯一的黑人學(xué)生Samboakye說(shuō)：“如果你周?chē)际前兹耍憔偷米C明自己?！保?，可知與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生更加努力，因此獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就，D選項(xiàng)“周?chē)前兹送瑢W(xué)的環(huán)境激勵(lì)黑人學(xué)生更加努力地工作以獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“黑人學(xué)生可以在學(xué)業(yè)上與白人同齡人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“白人學(xué)生往往看不起他們的黑人同學(xué)”和C選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)一年級(jí)期間，黑人學(xué)生在白人同齡人中有些尷尬”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.（根據(jù)最近的兩項(xiàng)研究，隨機(jī)分配的不同種族的室友更有可能經(jīng)歷緊張的沖突，以至于其中一個(gè)室友會(huì)搬出去。）和第六段AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.（印第安納大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，到學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，不同種族室友不住在一起的可能性是兩個(gè)白人室友的三倍。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起比同種族的學(xué)生住在一起更容易鬧矛盾，但不是一定會(huì)鬧矛盾，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友更容易爭(zhēng)吵”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友相處不好”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很少有白人學(xué)生喜歡和黑人同學(xué)合住一個(gè)房間”：沒(méi)有具體提到白人學(xué)生對(duì)住宿對(duì)象的意向。D選項(xiàng)“隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策”：這里討論的是不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起的相關(guān)情況，而非隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策是否合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段“theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”（“這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)隨意地把你們聚在一起。”本科生大會(huì)主席AlecWebley說(shuō)，“這就是整合的定義?！保?，可知這里的“整合”指的是把不同種族的學(xué)生隨機(jī)聚在一起，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校隨機(jī)分配室友，不考慮種族”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生被要求共享一個(gè)房間”和B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校為新生安排不同種族的室友”：學(xué)校沒(méi)有特意規(guī)定和硬性要求，室友都是隨機(jī)分配，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同種族的學(xué)生一視同仁”：這里的重點(diǎn)不是平等對(duì)待所有學(xué)生，給所有學(xué)生同樣的福利或待遇，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)隨機(jī)分配室友，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.（Kao說(shuō)，她告誡不要基于任何一項(xiàng)研究得出一般性結(jié)論，指出需要研究和解釋更多學(xué)生的背景特征。），可