考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安康學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安康學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,（

）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tit

B.usedn’tit

C.didn’tthereuseto

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。Therebe句型的反義疑問(wèn)句必須用there進(jìn)行反問(wèn)，若be動(dòng)詞前沒(méi)有其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞修飾，則反義疑問(wèn)句用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式，如be動(dòng)詞前有其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞修飾，則反義疑問(wèn)句用該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式。本題的反義疑問(wèn)句部分為：usedn’tthere或didn’tthere，因此選D。句意：幾年前這里曾經(jīng)有過(guò)威脅，不是嗎？

2.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbeasthrivingasitis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Beitnot

C.Wereitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考査虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬條件句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句中吋態(tài)應(yīng)往前推，為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本句省略了if，所以需要將助動(dòng)詞had提前。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.單選題

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.separated

B.cutoff

C.unique

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。separated“分開(kāi)的”；cutoff“切斷，中斷”；unique“獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”；integrated“綜合的，完整的”。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容：由于文化差異，一個(gè)城市不能簡(jiǎn)單地復(fù)制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為每個(gè)城市都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare’stimeisestimatedtohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.

ItisvirtuallyimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.

ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedissemination（傳播）ofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.

26.Thereareabout260millionpeoplewhocanspeak__________.

27.Accordingtothispassage,theEnglishlanguagemightbeused

__________.

28.Theauthorseemstobewondering__________.

29.“thesecountries”（Para.3）mostprobablyrefersto__________.

30.Acommonlanguageisnecessaryforsomemulti-lingualcountries__________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Englishinitsregionalvariety

B.Englishinitsstandardvariety

C.Englishasasecondlanguage

D.Englishasaworkinglanguage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.foronlyonereasonthatEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguage

B.mainlybypeoplefromtheAmericancontinentandtheEuropeancontinent

C.asanofficiallanguageinaninternationalconferenceontheAmericanculture

D.inscienceandtechnologyaswellasinculturalandhistoricalstudiesofallcountries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whatmakesupone’sadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish

B.whyEnglishcanservesomanyneedsofvariouspeople

C.howtorelatethetechnologicalproblemsinairportcommunications

D.whenEnglishbecamesowidelyused

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopingcountrieswhichusedtobecolonies

B.theformerBritishcolonieswhichnowaredeveloping

C.thecolonizedcountrieswhichbecomeasstrongasBritain

D.thedevelopingcountrieswhicharestillcolonizedbyBritain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.forbothinternalandinternationalcommunications

B.foraccesstothedevelopmentinothercountries

C.forhigherefficiencyofthegovernmentandbetterlifeofthepublic

D.forwidercommunicationsamongcolonialnations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段第二三句，Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage…“今天，據(jù)估計(jì)大約有2.6億人把英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)使用，主要分布在美國(guó)、加拿大、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭。除了在這些地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)變體外，還有許多地區(qū)和社會(huì)的英語(yǔ)變體”，由此可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)”。

A選項(xiàng)“具有地域多樣性的英語(yǔ)”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)，由此可知這里錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言”，文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“作為工作語(yǔ)言的英語(yǔ)”，文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選。

27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第三段第二句話Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.“除了滿足以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的需求外，在科學(xué)、技術(shù)和其他領(lǐng)域，一些最重要的著作也是用英語(yǔ)寫成的，而且這些著作并不總是由以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人寫成的”，從這里可知D選項(xiàng)“（被用）在科學(xué)和技術(shù)以及所有國(guó)家的文化和歷史研究中”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)成為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言只有一個(gè)原因”，定位到第二段最后一句ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的和學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境是如此不同，很難定義，更難以評(píng)估什么構(gòu)成了每一種情況下的充分的工作知識(shí)?！睆倪@里可知人們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的不同，也就導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)成為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言的原因是多種因素綜合起來(lái)的，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“主要是來(lái)自美洲大陸和歐洲大陸的人”，定位到第一段第二句話mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.“主要分布在美國(guó)、加拿大、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭”從這里可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，非洲大陸也有很多國(guó)家講英語(yǔ)，這里屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“作為美國(guó)文化國(guó)際會(huì)議的官方語(yǔ)言”，定位到第三段第三句Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedisseminationofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.“它被廣泛用于氣象和機(jī)場(chǎng)通信、國(guó)際會(huì)議以及通過(guò)許多國(guó)家的無(wú)線電和電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播信息等目的”，從這里可以看出不止是美國(guó)，很多國(guó)家在開(kāi)國(guó)際會(huì)議時(shí)都用的是英語(yǔ)，這里屬于以偏概全。

28.主旨大意題。關(guān)注首末兩段中心句，第一段中心句是第二句thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.“這種語(yǔ)言有許多地區(qū)和社會(huì)變體，在口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面形式中也有不同程度的用法”，這是文章的中心句，這段說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)的廣泛使用；第三段中心句是ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage“對(duì)英語(yǔ)的廣泛需求的主要原因是它作為一種世界語(yǔ)言在當(dāng)今的重要性”，這段講的是為什么很多人會(huì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的原因。結(jié)合兩者可知作者主要是弄清楚B選項(xiàng)“為什么英語(yǔ)能滿足不同人的需求”。

A選項(xiàng)“是什么構(gòu)成了一個(gè)人足夠的英語(yǔ)工作知識(shí)”，作者已經(jīng)在第二段最后一句說(shuō)明了itisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“定義每種情況下的充分工作知識(shí)是困難的，更困難的是評(píng)估”，所以這里不能選，屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“如何聯(lián)系機(jī)場(chǎng)通訊中的技術(shù)問(wèn)題”，文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)英語(yǔ)變得如此廣泛使用時(shí)”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)，文章的主要內(nèi)容是為什么英語(yǔ)被廣泛使用的原因，不是時(shí)間，這里屬于反向干擾。

29.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.從這里可以看出“這些國(guó)家”指的是以前被英國(guó)殖民過(guò)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)展的前英國(guó)殖民地”是其同義替代選項(xiàng)，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)；

A選項(xiàng)“曾經(jīng)是殖民地的發(fā)展中國(guó)家”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)，以前是殖民地但不一定是英國(guó)的殖民地，屬于偷換概念。

C選項(xiàng)“成為和英國(guó)一樣強(qiáng)大的殖民地國(guó)家”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“仍然被英國(guó)殖民的發(fā)展中國(guó)家”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

30.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第三段最后一句話Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.“這些國(guó)家中有許多人口使用多種語(yǔ)言，在政府、商業(yè)、工業(yè)、法律和教育等方面的內(nèi)部交流以及國(guó)際交流和了解西方的科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展都需要一種語(yǔ)言?！睆倪@里可以知道答案選A選項(xiàng)“用于國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際交流”。

B選項(xiàng)“為了和其他國(guó)家的發(fā)展接軌”文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“為了更高的效率和更好的公眾生活”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“殖民國(guó)家之間更廣泛的交流”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.單選題

Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone（）anopportunitytohearthespeech.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oughttohave

B.musthave

C.mayhave

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】句意:揚(yáng)聲器被安裝在走廊，以便所每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)演講。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。oughtto（表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)等）應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)；must（因?yàn)閺?qiáng)迫、道義或理智及好感的驅(qū)使）必須，應(yīng)當(dāng)；may（表示可能性）可能，也許；should（表示可能性、期待、推論等）應(yīng)該，可能或做為shall(將，一定會(huì)（按規(guī)律會(huì)發(fā)生）)的過(guò)去形式。因此D符合句意。

6.單選題

Asanindependentcitizen,heseesnoobligationtoopenhimselftofurther（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.screech

B.scrutiny

C.scrub

D.scrap

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)screech“尖叫聲”；B選項(xiàng)scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查，監(jiān)視”；C選項(xiàng)scrub“矮樹(shù)，洗擦”；D選項(xiàng)scrap“碎片，殘余物”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“independentcitizen獨(dú)立公民”和動(dòng)詞“open公開(kāi)，打開(kāi)”，可知空格部分單詞意思“審查，檢查”，句意為：作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的公民，他認(rèn)為沒(méi)有義務(wù)進(jìn)一步讓自己接受審查。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

7.單選題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽(tīng)到那些真正相信這些論點(diǎn)的人的聲音，那些真誠(chéng)地為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說(shuō)服力的形式來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)這些問(wèn)題:她必須感受到對(duì)問(wèn)題的真實(shí)看法所必須面對(duì)和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個(gè)困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個(gè)人只知道自己的觀點(diǎn)而不關(guān)心對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，不傾聽(tīng)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理?！弊髡哂昧巳齻€(gè)must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個(gè)人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來(lái)沒(méi)有，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對(duì)那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問(wèn)題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時(shí)期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動(dòng)?！蔽乃噺?fù)興是屬于思想活動(dòng)的頂峰，必然會(huì)討論原則問(wèn)題。所以B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過(guò)教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯(cuò)誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過(guò)這些人可能會(huì)說(shuō)些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義?！庇纱丝芍狝項(xiàng)與之相反，B項(xiàng)與之相符，故B項(xiàng)正確。CD兩項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒(méi)有以下哪項(xiàng)特征。A項(xiàng)：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項(xiàng)：不怎么理智；C項(xiàng)：頭腦閉塞；D項(xiàng)：對(duì)辯論是堅(jiān)決的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，更不會(huì)懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項(xiàng)都是這種人的特點(diǎn)。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)真正的思想家不犯錯(cuò)誤”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥最好由自己的老師來(lái)提供?！盋項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”；D項(xiàng)“過(guò)度的辯論會(huì)制止清晰的思考。”由第二段可知?dú)v史上思想活動(dòng)的頂峰時(shí)期如文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，各大學(xué)派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰。故C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”正確。

8.翻譯題

Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.

【答案】和古典時(shí)代的科學(xué)相比，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)基本上是未完成狀態(tài)，然而古老科學(xué)有完成某樣?xùn)|西的表象，而且進(jìn)步的概念對(duì)此非常重要?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)進(jìn)入無(wú)限境地。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)知道，完美無(wú)缺的世界觀在科學(xué)上是不可能的。只有當(dāng)科學(xué)批評(píng)因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)變成絕對(duì)而被削弱的時(shí)候，僵化自守的世界觀才會(huì)妄稱科學(xué)有效性一一然后，這個(gè)有效性也是虛假的。那些科學(xué)時(shí)代中偉大且新統(tǒng)一的知識(shí)體系一一比如現(xiàn)代物理——只在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的某方面已經(jīng)逐漸發(fā)展。整體來(lái)看，現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)前所未有的支離破碎。于此，現(xiàn)代世界的開(kāi)放性與封閉自守的希臘世界形成鮮明對(duì)比。

9.單選題

Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨礙)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.

“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.

ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining（抱怨），whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.

Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.

Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.

ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.

1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”？

2.AccordingtotheILOreport,（）.

3.TheILOreport（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.

B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.

C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.

D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels

B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms

C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms

D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.

B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.

C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.

D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Sexualharassment

B.Complaining

C.Protesting

D.Tryingtobefriendly

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“報(bào)告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見(jiàn)和體系所造成的一種無(wú)形的障礙”（“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks）；第一段提到國(guó)際勞動(dòng)組織寫的一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了女性進(jìn)入高層的一些體制和態(tài)度上的偏見(jiàn)(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs)，因此選項(xiàng)A“（玻璃天花板）指存在于一些公司的偏見(jiàn)和體系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段第一句話提到“世界可能正在對(duì)女性變得友好，但是企業(yè)董事會(huì)卻沒(méi)有，聯(lián)合國(guó)最近發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，在西方公司，女性在最高管理職位中所占的比例不到3%”（Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“除了在西方公司的董事會(huì)，女性的生活變好”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段提到國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)告稱，女性占全球勞動(dòng)力的40%以上，但即使她們通過(guò)了“玻璃天花板——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見(jiàn)和體系所造成的一種無(wú)形的障礙——她們的收入也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于男性”（Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“悲觀，因?yàn)榧词股俨糠峙赃M(jìn)入了高層，她們的收入還是少很多”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在與性騷擾作斗爭(zhēng)時(shí)，女性沒(méi)有采用下列哪項(xiàng)策略？”文章第三段提到抗議和抱怨使她們背負(fù)上了“女權(quán)主義者”和“發(fā)牢騷”的名號(hào)，同時(shí)想喝男性打成一片又招來(lái)了更多的騷擾（“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining，whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment），由此可知“抱怨”“抗議”“試圖友好”都是女性采取的措施，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

BeginningintheUnitedStatesinDecember2007(andwithmuchgreaterintensitysinceSeptember2008，accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch),muchoftheindustrializedworldhasbeenundergoingarecession,apronounceddecelerationofeconomicactivity.Thisglobalrecessionhasbeentakingplaceinaneconomicenvironmentcharacterizedbyvariousimbalancesandwassparkedbytheoutbreakofthefinancialcrisisof2007-2010.Althoughthelate2000srecessionhasattimesbeenreferredtoas“theGreatRecession,”thissamephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoeveryrecessionoftheseveralprecedingdecades.InJuly2009,itwasannouncedthatagrowingnumberofeconomistsbelievedthattherecessionmayhaveended.

ThefinancialcrisishasbeenlinkedtorecklessandunsustainablelendingpracticescompoundedbygovernmentinterventionandthegrowingtrendofsecuritizationofrealestatemortgageintheUnitedStates.TheUSmortgage-backedsecurities,whichhadrisksthatwerehardtoassess,weremarketedaroundtheworld.Amorebroadbasedcreditboomfedaglobalspeculativebubbleinrealestateandequities,whichservedtoreinforcetheriskylendingpractices.Theprecariousfinancialsituationwasmademoredifficultbyasharpincreaseinoilandfoodprices.TheemergenceofSub-primeloanlossesin2007beganthecrisisandexposedotherriskyloansandover-inflatedassetprocess.WithloanlossesmountingandthefallofLehmanBrothersonSeptember15,2008,amajorpanicbrokeoutontheinter-bankloanmarket.AsshareandhousingpricesdeclinedmanylargeandwellestablishedinvestmentandcommercialbanksintheUnitedStatesandEuropesufferedhugelossesandevenfacedbankruptcy,resultinginmassivepublicfinancialassistance.

Aglobalrecessionhasresultedinsharpdropininternationaltrade,risingunemploymentandslumpingcommodityprices.InDecember2008,theNationalBureauofEconomicResearch(NBER)declaredthattheUnitedStateshadbeeninrecessionsinceDecember2007.Severaleconomistshavepredictedthatrecoverymaynotappearuntil2011andthattherecessionwillbetheworstsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.Theconditionsleadinguptothecrisis,characterizedbyanexorbitantriseinassetpricesandassociatedboomineconomicdemand,areconsideredaresultoftheextendedperiodofeasilyavailablecredit,inadequateregulationandoversight,orincreasinginequality.

TherecessionhasrenewedinterestinKeynesianeconomicideasonhowtocombatrecessionaryconditions.Fiscalandmonetarypolicieshavebeensignificantlyeasedtostemtherecessionandfinancialrisks.Mosteconomistsbelievethatthestimulusshouldbewithdrawnassoonastheeconomiesrecoverenoughto“chartapathtosustainablegrowth”.

【答案】2007年12月從美國(guó)開(kāi)始(美國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局稱，自2008年9月以來(lái)，美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退強(qiáng)度更大)，許多工業(yè)化國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)明顯減速。這次全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退發(fā)生在以各種不平衡為特征的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中，是由2007-2010年金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)引起的。雖然2000年后期的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退有時(shí)被稱為“經(jīng)濟(jì)大衰退”，但同樣的說(shuō)法也被用來(lái)指過(guò)去幾十年的每一次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。2009年7月，越來(lái)越多的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家相信此次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束。

這次金融危機(jī)與不計(jì)后果和無(wú)法維持的借貸行為有關(guān)，再加上政府的干預(yù)和美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)抵押證券化的日益增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。美國(guó)抵押擔(dān)保證券已在世界各地被銷售，這些證券的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很難評(píng)估。

一個(gè)更廣泛的信貸繁榮催生了全球房地產(chǎn)和股票投機(jī)泡沫，從而加強(qiáng)了高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貸款做法。岌岌可危的財(cái)政狀況因石油和食品價(jià)格急劇上漲而變得更加困難了。2007年次貸款虧損的出現(xiàn)引發(fā)了這次危機(jī)，暴露了其他高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貸款和過(guò)度膨脹的資產(chǎn)過(guò)程。隨著貸款損失的增加以及2008年9月15日雷曼兄弟的破產(chǎn)，銀行間貸款市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了重大恐慌。隨著股票和房?jī)r(jià)的下跌，美國(guó)和歐洲許多大型、老牌的投資銀行和商業(yè)銀行遭受了巨大的損失，甚至面臨破產(chǎn)，從而導(dǎo)致大量的公共財(cái)政援助。

全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退導(dǎo)致國(guó)際貿(mào)易急劇下降，失業(yè)率上升，商品價(jià)格下跌。2008年12月，美國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局宣布，自2007年12月以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直處于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退狀態(tài)。幾位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇可能要到2011年才會(huì)出現(xiàn)，這次經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退將是20世紀(jì)30年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條以來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的一次。導(dǎo)致這次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的條件被認(rèn)為是由于信貸期限延長(zhǎng)、監(jiān)管和監(jiān)督不足或不平等加劇造成的，其特點(diǎn)是資產(chǎn)價(jià)格暴漲和相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)需求激增。

這次經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退使人們對(duì)凱恩斯主義關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)觀點(diǎn)重新產(chǎn)生了興趣。財(cái)政和貨幣政策已大幅度放松，以遏制經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)到足以“開(kāi)辟一條可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的道路”，經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃就應(yīng)該立即退出。

11.單選題

They（）sotiredifthey（）forawholeday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalk

B.wouldn'tfeel,weren’twalking.

C.wouldn'tbefeeling,weren’twalking

D.wouldn'tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)與題干可知本題考查混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣，if引導(dǎo)的條件句中表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該用had+過(guò)去分詞，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)A、B、C，又因?yàn)橹骶洳糠直硎镜氖乾F(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以需要用would+動(dòng)原，由此可知，此題選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。句意：如果他們不是一整天都在走路，那么他們將不會(huì)感到如此疲憊。

12.單選題

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatA