考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.

問題1選項

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項indifference“漠不關(guān)心；不重視；中立”；B選項compliment“恭維；稱贊；問候”；C選項negligence“疏忽；忽視”；D選項reproach“責(zé)備；責(zé)罵”。句意：我沒有聽媽媽的話，看到她臉上責(zé)備的表情，我并不感到驚訝。題干中說到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我沒有聽媽媽的話”，而“責(zé)備”符合語境，因此D選項正確。

2.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“UncivilizedBehaviorsinPublic”Youshouldwriteatleast160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.在公共場合有哪些不文明行為

2.造成這些不文明行為的原因

3.怎樣改進(jìn)這些不文明行為

【答案】略

3.單選題

Happinessusedtohaveamuchbroadermeaning—tiedtotheideaofa_______andmeaningfullife一butnowit'salmostindistinguishablefrompleasure.

問題1選項

A.virtuous

B.depraved

C.vicious

D.malicious

【答案】A

【解析】virtuous善良的，有道德的；depraved墮落的，卑鄙的；vicious惡意的，刻毒的；malicious蓄意的，惡毒的。句意：在過去,幸福有一個更廣泛的含義——與道德高尚和有意義的生活觀念緊密聯(lián)系在一起——但現(xiàn)在幾乎和快樂無法區(qū)分。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明，人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費得起。

考查動詞辨析。resort常去，求助，訴諸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允許，承認(rèn)，grantto同意給予，準(zhǔn)予；afford給予，提供，承擔(dān)得起;affordto（有條件）做，承擔(dān)得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；entitle給……稱號，使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

5.單選題

TheAmericanslostthenuclearweaponmonopolywhentheSovietsexplodedtheirfirstatomicbomb.

問題1選項

A.control

B.business

C.superiority

D.privilege

【答案】A

【解析】句意：蘇聯(lián)第一顆原子彈爆炸后，美國失去了核武器的壟斷地位。monopoly意為“壟斷，專賣”，也就是具有控制權(quán)。所以control與之意思相近。

6.單選題

Egyptiansareveryfriendlypeople,andeventhepoorestpersonwillshow______toastranger.

問題1選項

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項hostility“敵意”，B項indignation“憤慨，憤怒”，C項hospitality“好客，殷勤”，D項humanity“人道，人類”。根據(jù)前半句Egyptiansareveryfriendlypeople（埃及人非常友好）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“好客”。句意：埃及人非常友好，即使是最貧窮的人也會對陌生人表現(xiàn)出熱情好客。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

InDisneylandeveryyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecauseDisneyrefusedto（

）signsaskinghis“guests”nottostepontherm.

問題1選項

A.putdown

B.putout

C.putup

D.putoff

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。putdown鎮(zhèn)壓，貶低；putout熄滅，打擾；putup提供，建造，張貼；putoff推遲，阻止。

句意：在迪斯尼樂園，每年大約有80萬個植物被替換，因為迪斯尼拒絕張貼告示要求游客不要踩到植物。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

Therehasbeenacollision（）anumberofcarsonthemainroadtotown.

問題1選項

A.composing

B.consisting

C.involving

D.engaging

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。compose“組成，構(gòu)成”；consist“由…組成”；involve“包含，涉及”；engage“雇傭，參加”。句意：在通往小鎮(zhèn)的主路上發(fā)生了一起碰撞，涉及到許多小轎車。C項符合題意。

9.單選題

SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices.Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare(particularlyforthepoorandminorities),improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlifeexpectancy.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelargeremaininggapsinaccess,unbridledcostinflation,thefurtherfragmentationofservice,excessiveindulgenceinwastefulhigh-technology“gadgeteering,”andabreakdownindoctor-patientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasandnewprograms,smallandlarge,haveproliferatedatafeverishpaceanddisappointmentsmultiplyatalmostthesamerate.Thishasledtoanincreasedpessimism—“everythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks”—whichsometimesbordersoncynicismorevennihilism.

Itistruethattheautomatic“passthrough”ofrapidlyspiralingcoststogovernmentandinsurancecarriers,whichwassetinapublicizedenvironmentof“therichestnationintheworld,”producedforatimeasenseofunlimitedresourcesandallowedtodevelopamoodwherebyeverypractitionerandinstitutioncould“dohisownthing”withoutundueconcernforthe“MedicalCommons.”Thepracticeoffull-costreimbursementencouragedcapitalinvestmentandnowtheindustryisovercapitalized.Manycitieshavehundredsofexcesshospitalbeds;hospitalshaveproliferatedasuperabundanceofhigh-technologyequipment;andstructuralostentationandluxuryweretheorderoftheday.Inanygivenday,one-fourthofallcommunitybedsarevacant;expensiveequipmentisunderusedor,worse,usedunnecessarily.Capitalinvestmentbringsrapidlyrisingoperatingcosts.

Yet,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.Itmustberealizedthatcareis,formostpeople,apainfulexperience,oftenaccompaniedbyfearandunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomforimprovement,healthcarewillalwaysretainsomeunpleasantnessandfrustration.Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatients;toomanypatientsandfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.Inthemain,however,suchundertakingshavebeendrownedbyaveritablefloodofpublicandprivatemoneyswhichhavesupportedandencouragedthecontinuationofconventionalpracticesandsubsidizedtheirshortcomingsonamassive,almostunrestrictedscale.Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.Inthisatmosphere,itisnotfairtocondemnasfailuresallattemptedexperiments;itmaybemoreaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.

1.TheauthorimpliesthattheKaiserFoundationandPugetSoundplans(lines47-48)differedfromotherplansby（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconsequencesoffull-costreimbursementEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,the“pessimism”mentionedatline35ispartlyattributabletothefactthat（

）.

5.Theauthorcitestheprepaidplansinlines46-48as（

）.

6.Itcanbeinferredthatthesentence“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”meansthat（

）.

7.Withwhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthesystemforthedeliveryofhealth-careserviceswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalstructureoftheselection?

9.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.encouragingcapitalinvestment

B.requiringphysicianstotreatthepoor

C.providingincentivesforcostcontrol

D.employingonlydedicatedandidealisticdoctors

E.relyingprimarilyonpublicfunding

問題2選項

A.risingoperatingcosts

B.underusedhospitalfacilities

C.overcapitalization

D.overrelianceonexpensiveequipment

E.lackofservicesforminorities

問題3選項

A.light-heartedandamused

B.objectivebutconcerned

C.detachedandunconcerned

D.cautiousbutsincere

E.enthusiasticandenlightened

問題4選項

A.therehasbeenlittlerealimprovementinhealth-careservices

B.expectationsabouthealth-careservicesaresometimesunrealistic

C.largesegmentsofthepopulationfinditimpossibletogetaccesstohealth-careservices

D.advancesintechnologyhavemadehealthcareserviceunaffordable

E.doctorsarenowlessconcernedwithpatientcare

問題5選項

A.counterexamplestotheclaimthatnothinghasworked

B.examplesofhealth-careplansthatwereover-funded

C.evidencethathealth-careservicesarefragmented

D.proofofthetheorythatnoplanhasbeensuccessful

E.experimentsthatyieldeddisappointingresults

問題6選項

A.thecostofhealth-careserviceswillnotdecline

B.somepeopleshouldnotbecomedoctors

C.medicalcareisnotreallyessentialtogoodhealth

D.illnessisoftenunpleasantandevenpainful

E.medicalsciencecannotcureeveryill

問題7選項

A.Itisbiasedinfavorofdoctorsandagainstpatients.

B.Itishighlyfragmentedandcompletelyineffective

C.Ithasnotembracednewtechnologyrapidlyenough

D.Itisgenerallyeffectivebutcanbeimproved

E.Itdiscouragespeoplefromseekingmedicalcare

問題8選項

A.Thethirdparagraphisintendedasarefutationofthefirstandsecondparagraphs.

B.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

C.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

D.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,andthesecondandthirdparagraphspresenttwohornsofadilemma.

E.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,theseconditscauses,andthethirdapossiblesolution.

問題9選項

A.criticizephysiciansandhealth-careadministratorsforinvestingintechno?logicallyadvancedequipment

B.examinesomeproblemsaffectingdeliveryofhealth-careservicesandassesstheirseverity

C.defendthemedicalcommunityfromchargesthathealth-carehasnotimprovedsinceWorldWarII

D.analyzethereasonsforthehealth-careindustry’sinabilitytoprovidequalitycaretoallsegmentsofthepopulation

E.describethepeculiareconomicfeaturesofthehealth-careindustrythatarethecausesofspiralingmedicalcosts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theKaiserFoundationandPugetSound，將信息點定位為文章第三段。根據(jù)“Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（凱澤基金會（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特灣（PugetSound）的預(yù)付團體實踐計劃（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的嘗試都是徒勞的。）”“Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.（除了那些最理想主義、最執(zhí)著的人，他們沒有尋求改變的動力，也沒有自我約束或節(jié)儉的動力。）”從而得出本題答案。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)信息題。信息點定位到原文第一、二段。選項E與原文第二句所給信息不符，“Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare（particularlyforthepoorandminorities）,improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.（這些措施包括更好地獲得衛(wèi)生保?。ㄌ貏e是對窮人和少數(shù)民族），改善物理植物，增加醫(yī)生和其他衛(wèi)生人員的數(shù)量。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.

觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文，可以感受到作者行文態(tài)度十分客觀，運用客觀事實表達(dá)自己的觀點，且對出現(xiàn)的問題十分在意。從而得出本題答案。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pessimism，將信息點定位到原文第三段第一句?！癥et,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.（然而，這種悲觀情緒在一定程度上源于對醫(yī)療保健的過高期望。）”從而得出本題答案。

5.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞prepaidplans，將信息點定位到第三段第七句。“Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（澤基金會（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特灣（PugetSound）的預(yù)付團體實踐計劃（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的嘗試都是徒勞的。）”根據(jù)句子前半句可得出本題答案。

6.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原題信息“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”，可將信息點定位到原文第三段第五句。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，醫(yī)學(xué)的能力是有限的。）”即可得出本題答案。

7.

主旨態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文“SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices（自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，保健服務(wù)領(lǐng)域取得了相當(dāng)大的進(jìn)展）”“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，醫(yī)學(xué)的能力是有限的。）”等信息點的描述，即可得出本題答案。

8.

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章首段提出問題，引出話題，緊接著第二段、第三段解釋并表達(dá)了對這一問題的看法。

9.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，即可得出作者觀點，作者檢查了一些影響醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)分配的問題并對其嚴(yán)重性進(jìn)行了評估。從而得出本題答案。

10.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Sheisagreatathlete.

B.Sheisafamedspeaker.

C.Sheisafamousscientist.

D.Sheisanotedinventor.

問題2選項

A.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving.

B.Hownutritionhelpsathletes’performanceincompetitions.

C.Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.

問題3選項

A.Ourphysicalstructures.

B.Ourscientificknowledge.

C.Ourbiochemicalprocess.

D.Ourconceptofnutrition.

問題4選項

A.Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B.Itmayleadtoathletes’overrelianceonequipment.

C.Itmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.

D.Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Tonight,wehaveaveryspecialguest.[1]Mrs.AnnaSanchezisathree-timeOlympicchampionandauthorofthenewbookTotheEdge.Mrs.Sanchez,thankyouforjoiningus.

W:Thankyouforhavingme.

M:Let’sstartwithyourbook.Whatdoesthetitle“TotheEdge”mean?What’reyoureferringto?

W:[2]Thebookisabouthowscienceandtechnologyhashelpedpushhumanstotheedgeoftheirphysicalabilities.Iarguethatinthepast20years,we’vehadthebestathletestheworldhaseverseen.

M:Butisthisafaircomparison?Howdoyouknowhow,say,afootballplayerfrom50yearsagowouldcomparetoonetoday?

W:Well,youareright.Thatcomparisonwouldbeperhapsimpossibletomake.Butthepointismoreaboutourknowledgetodayofhumanbiochemistry,nutrition,andmechanics.[3]Ibelievethatwhileourbodieshavenotchangedinthousandsofyears,whathaschangedisthescientificknowledge.Thishasallowedathletestopushthelimitsofwhatwaspreviouslythoughtpossible.

M:That’sinteresting.Pleasetellusmoreabouttheseperceivedlimits.

W:Theworldisseeingsportsrecordsbeingbrokenthatcouldonlybebrokenwiththeaidoftechnology.Whetherthisbethespeedofatennisserveorthefastesttimeinahundred-meterdashortwo-hundred-meterswimmingrace.

M:[4]Isthereanyconcernthattechnologyisgivingsomeathletesanunfairadvantageoverothers?

W:Thatisaninterestingquestionandonethathastobeconsideredverycarefully.Skis,forexample,wentfrombeingmadeofwoodtoametalalloy,whichallowsforbettercontrolandfasterspeed.There’snostoppingtechnologicalprogress.But,asIsaid,eachsituationshouldbeconsideredcarefullyonacase-by-casebasis.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutAnnaSanchez?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士，我們可以了解到什么？對話開頭男士提到今天的嘉賓AnnaSanchez是三屆奧運會冠軍（athree-timeOlympicchampion），因此A選項“她是名出色的運動員”正確。B選項“她是一位著名的演說家”和D選項“她是一位著名的發(fā)明家”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“她是一位著名的科學(xué)家”，主要是利用錄音中提到的science和scientific設(shè)干擾，錄音中女士雖然提及科學(xué)，但這是為了說明科技對體育的影響，并不是說明女士的身份，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthewoman’sbookmainlyabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問女士的書主要講什么？女士說這本書是關(guān)于科學(xué)和技術(shù)如何促使人類達(dá)到身體能力的極限。D選項“技術(shù)如何幫助運動員達(dá)到新的高度”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“人類生物化學(xué)知識是如何進(jìn)化的”和B選項“營養(yǎng)如何幫助運動員在比賽中的表現(xiàn)”雖然在錄音中有所提及，但不是這本書的主要內(nèi)容，因此均可排除；C選項“科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練如何使運動員創(chuàng)造新的紀(jì)錄”，錄音中并沒有提到training（訓(xùn)練），因此C選項也可排除。

3.Whathaschangedinthepastthousandsofyears?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問在過去的幾千年里發(fā)生了什么變化。女士提到，雖然人類的身體幾千年來都沒有改變，但改變的是科學(xué)知識（scientificknowledge），因此B選項“我們的科學(xué)知識”正確。A選項“我們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)”，錄音中明確提及人類身體是沒有發(fā)生改變的，因此排除A選項；C選項“我們的生化過程”和D選項“我們的營養(yǎng)觀念”，錄音中提及的是：如今關(guān)于人類生化學(xué)、營養(yǎng)學(xué)和力學(xué)的知識已發(fā)生變化。變化的是知識，并不是過程和觀念，因此均不正確。

4.Whatistheman’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnologyinsportscompetitions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于在體育比賽中科技的運用，男士擔(dān)心什么？錄音最后，男士問是否有人擔(dān)心科技會給一些運動員帶來對其他運動員來說不公平的優(yōu)勢（anunfairadvantageoverothers），C選項“它可能給一些運動員不公平的優(yōu)勢”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“可能增加體育比賽的費用”；B選項“可能導(dǎo)致運動員對設(shè)備的過度依賴”和D選項“可能會改變體育比賽的性質(zhì)”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

11.單選題

Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.

問題1選項

A.whethertheybe

B.whetheritbe

C.wouldtheybe

D.woulditbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們提供各種各樣的服務(wù)，以滿足您的要求，無論是網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計，圖形設(shè)計，網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)，或任何其他。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示的是“無論….”，可首先排除選項C和選項D；其次，原句中并列的幾個選擇性詞組都是單數(shù)形式，所以這里的代詞也應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，選項B為正確答案。

12.單選題

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

問題1選項

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。compliment恭維，稱贊；ailment疾病，多指小??；implement工具，器具；commitment承諾，保證。句意：據(jù)說這種藥可以治療各種各樣的疾病，從感冒到背痛都可以。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

問題1選項

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

問題2選項

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

問題3選項

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

問題4選項

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

問題5選項

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:ruleoftheroad出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段第一句話的后半句，作者在第一段中舉了老太太不走人行道過馬路這個例子來說明當(dāng)時的社會風(fēng)氣。作者的觀點是要懂得在公共場合體諒他人。選項C符合題意。

第2題:作者對老太太過馬路不遵守交通規(guī)則持反對態(tài)度，認(rèn)為她只顧自己的絕對自由而不管他人，所以選項B符合題意。

第3題:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指揮交通，這種行為看似侵害到了個人自由，選項C“稅務(wù)檢察院檢查某人的賬目”與之相似，選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章第三段第二句話inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到絕對自由的前提是不要妨礙他人的自由，所以選項B符合題意。

第5題:句子位于文章最后一段第一句話，這個句子中的this指代上文提到的不應(yīng)該妨礙他人的自由，人們很容易忘記這一點，人們?nèi)菀卓吹絼e人的缺陷。作者指出人們都有這個缺點，選項A符合題意。

14.寫作題

Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】1.【答案】which改為where

2.【答案】as改為than

3.【答案】So改為But

4.【答案】去掉about

5.【答案】you改為they

6.【答案】like改為as

7.【答案】takes改為gives

8.【答案】differ改為distinguish

9.【答案】others改為other

10.【答案】harmful改為harmless

【解析】1.【解題思路】分析句子可知，thereisalotoftalkaboutscience（有很多關(guān)于科學(xué)的討論）是做society的定語，而society在從句中是作地點狀語，所以要把關(guān)系代詞which改為關(guān)系副詞where。

2.【解題思路】根據(jù)moreignorant（更無知）可知，此處是比較級，而前后比較的是we和peoplewithcomparableeducation（受過類似教育的人），所以as要改為than。

3.【解題思路】前面說“很多孩子都知道怎么去組建電腦，用電腦寫程序”，后面卻說“如果要他們?nèi)ソ忉屛锢淼脑?，他們什么都不知道”，前后邏輯是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，so表示因果，所以要把so改為but。

4.【解題思路】explain是及物動詞，后面可以不用介詞直接跟物，所以要把about去掉。

5.【解題思路】這一句的句意是“但是如果你要他們?nèi)ソ忉屛锢淼脑恚麄円稽c都不知道”，主句的you應(yīng)該改為they。

6.【解題思路】該句句意是“對科學(xué)的不理解導(dǎo)致了像對人類創(chuàng)造力的忽視這樣的事情”，like表示舉例，但前面的such只與as連用，表示“比如，諸如”，所以把like改為as。

7.【解題思路】giveriseto是固定搭配，表示“引起，使產(chǎn)生”，所以要把takes改為gives。

8.【解題思路】differ只能和from或者with搭配使用，根據(jù)between可知，此處differ使用不當(dāng)，而distinguish可以和between或者from搭配，所以把differ改為distinguish。

9.【解題思路】others指兩者及以上的人，該句是說“兩者是截然不同的，能夠勝任其中一項工作的人很少能夠勝任另外一個工作”，根據(jù)thetwo（兩者）可知此處others使用不當(dāng)，所以要將others改為other，theother表示“另一個”。

10.【解題思路】該段第一句的句意是“科學(xué)本身或多或少是沒有害處的”，第二句用了but轉(zhuǎn)折，說明第二句與第一句有對比，第二句說“但一旦科學(xué)能提供技術(shù)，它不一定是有害的”，這明顯與前句沒有構(gòu)成對比，第二句應(yīng)該是說“但一旦科學(xué)能提供技術(shù)，它不一定是沒有害處的”，所以要將harmful改為harmless。

15.單選題

Otherskepticspointoutthatsuchapeacefulrisehasno（

）inhumanhistory.

問題1選項

A.reference

B.allusion

C.inference

D.precedent

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞辨析。reference參考，參照；allusion暗指，典故；inference推理，推斷；precedent先例。句意：其他懷疑論者指出，這樣的和平崛起在人類歷史上還沒有先例。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

Thisticket（）youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.

問題1選項

A.gives

B.grants

C.entitles

D.credits

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意：這張票使你有資格在我們新開的餐館享受一頓免費的用餐。C選項entitle“使某人有...權(quán)利或資格”，后常接介詞to意為“擁有...的權(quán)利”，符合語境；A選項give和B選項grant都有“授予”的意思，但接sb.的時候后不接介詞，而是give/grantsb.sth.，所以均不正確；D選項credit做動詞意為“相信，把...歸給”，不符合語境。所以本題選C。

17.單選題

Manyhadbecomesocaughtupintheirownlivesthattheyhadletgoldenfriendships_______byovertheyears.

問題1選項

A.slip

B.stick

C.shift

D.skip

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.slip悄悄疾行，溜B.stick粘貼，粘住

C.shift快速移動；轉(zhuǎn)移，挪動D.skip蹦蹦跳跳地走

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】goldenfriendships和橫線處構(gòu)成主謂搭配關(guān)系，這里指的是美好的友誼因為無暇顧及而______，slip符合語境，指的是友誼在不知不覺間消失，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】許多人一心撲在自己的生活上，以至于美好的友誼隨著時間的流逝而溜走。

18.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問題1選項

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動物是海生動物，沒有外殼；而且只有B項能修飾動物。

19.單選題

Mostreligiousorganizationsdependonthe（）actionsoftheirmembersforfinancialandmaterialaid.

問題1選項

A.elemosynary

B.ellemosynary

C.elemosinary

D.eleemosynary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。D選項eleemosynary“施舍的；慈善的；接受接濟的”。A，B和C這三項在英語中不存在。句意為：大多數(shù)宗教組織依賴它們成員的慈善行為來獲取資金和物資支持。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

20.問答題

Theanswerliessomewhereintherealmofideology,inEuropeanattitudesnotjusttowarddefensespendingbuttowardpoweritself.ImportantasthepowergaphasbeeninshapingtherespectivestrategicculturesoftheUnitedStatesandEurope,ifthedisparityofmilitarycapabilitiesweretheonlyproblem,thesolutionwouldbefairlystraightforward.Withahighlyeducatedandproductivepopulationofalmost400millionpeopleanda$9trillioneconomy,EuropetodayhasthewealthandtechnologicalcapabilitytomakeitselfmoreofaworldpowerinmilitarytermsifEuropeanswantedtobecomethatkindofworldpower.Theycouldeasilyspendtwiceasmuchastheyarecurrentlyspendingondefenseiftheybelieveditnecessarytodoso.AndclosingthepowergapbetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropewouldprobablygosomewaytowardclosingthegapinstrategicperceptions.

ThereisacynicalviewcurrentinAmericanstrategiccirclesthattheEuropeanssimplyenjoythe"freeride"theyhavegottenundertheAmericansecurityumbrellaoverthepastsixdecades.GivenAmerica'swillingnesstospendsomuchmoneyprotectingthem,Europeanswouldratherspendtheirownmoneyonsocialwelfareprograms,longvacations,andshorterworkweeks.Butthereismoretothetransatlanticgulfthanagapinmilitarycapabilities,andwhileEuropemaybeenjoyingafreerideintermsofglobalsecurity,thereismoretoEurope'sunwillingnesstobuildupitsmilitarypowerthancomfortwiththepresentAmericanguarantee.Afterall,theUnitedStatesinthe19IhcenturywasthebeneficiaryoftheBritishnavy'sdominanceoftheAtlanticandtheCaribbean.ButthatdidnotstoptheUnitedStatesfromengaginginitsownpeacetimenavalbuildupinthe1880sand1890s,abuildupthatequippedittolaunchandwintheSpanish-Americanwar,acquirethePhilippines,andbecomeaworldpower.Late-nineteenth-centuryAmericansdidnottakecomfortfromtheirsecurity;theywereambitiousformorepower.

Europeanstodayarenotambitiousforpower,andcertainlynotformilitarypower.Europeansoverthepasthalfcenturyhavedevelopedagenuinelydifferentperspectiveontheroleofpowerininternationalrelations,aperspectivethatspringsdirectlyfromtheiruniquehistoricalexperiencesincetheendofWorldWarII.Theyhaverejectedthepowerpoliticsthatbroughtthemsuchmiseryoverthepastcenturyandmore.ThisisaperspectiveonpowerthatAmericansdonotandcannotshare,inasmuchastheformativehistoricalexperiencesontheirsideoftheAtlantichavenotbeenthesame.ConsideragainthequalitiesthatmakeuptheEuropeanstrategicculture:theemphasisonnegotiation,diplomacy,andcommercialties,oninternationallawovertheuseofforce,onseductionovercoercion,onmultilateralismoverunilateralism.ItistruethatthesearenottraditionallyEuropeanapproachest