考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽廣播影視職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽廣播影視職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

This（）girlisMary'scousin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prettylittleSwedish

B.Swedishlittlepretty

C.Swedishprettylittle

D.littleprettySwedish

【答案】A

【解析】考查多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的詞序。通常順序是:?限定詞—表示說(shuō)話人評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞—表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞—表示顏色的形容詞—表示國(guó)別、來(lái)源、材料的形容詞—表示用途或目的的形容詞或分詞,名詞等類別詞—名詞中心詞。根據(jù)規(guī)則,選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andothermineral,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

1.Acountry’swealthdependsupon（

）.

2.Theword“foremost”underlinedmeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat（

）.

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?

5.ThesecondsentenceinParagraph3is（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsstandardofliving

B.itsmoney

C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostimportantly

B.firstly

C.largely

D.forthemostpart

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.acountry’swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.themainideaoftheparagraph

B.anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph

C.theconclusionoftheparagraph

D.notrelatedtotheparagraph

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富取決于……。A選項(xiàng)“生活水平”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的金錢(qián)”；C選項(xiàng)“他們提供商品和服務(wù)的能力”；D選項(xiàng)“他們提供交通和娛樂(lè)的能力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句話“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.（在這個(gè)意義上，“財(cái)富”不是錢(qián)，因?yàn)槲覀儾皇强垮X(qián)生活，而是靠錢(qián)能買(mǎi)到的東西：“商品”如食物、衣服，“服務(wù)”如交通和娛樂(lè)），由此，不能選A，答案選C。

第2題:詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“最重要地”；B選項(xiàng)“第一地”；C選項(xiàng)“大部分地”；D選項(xiàng)“在很大程度上”根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二句Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.（因此，一個(gè)國(guó)家的生活水平首先也最重要的是取決于它創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力。）這里foremost在文中是最重要的意思，所以答案選A。

第3題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富取決于很多要素”；B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)是世界上最富有的國(guó)家之一”；C選項(xiàng)“撒哈拉沙漠是一個(gè)貧窮的地區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)“自然資源是一個(gè)國(guó)家貧困或者富有的一個(gè)重要因素”。第二段的主旨句是第二句話Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources…（一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富在很大程度上取決于其自然資源……），后面的句子都是圍繞自然資源對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)富的貢獻(xiàn)展開(kāi)的，所以答案選D。其余選項(xiàng)在第二段雖然有提及但是不是主旨句。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干第三段提到了一個(gè)國(guó)家在利用其資源方面可能比另一個(gè)國(guó)家具有的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。在這一段中提到了很多這樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二、三、五句話Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.…trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.（良好和穩(wěn)定的政治條件，以及不受外國(guó)入侵的自由，使一個(gè)國(guó)家能夠和平和穩(wěn)定地開(kāi)發(fā)其自然資源，并比另一個(gè)同樣受到自然服務(wù)但秩序較差的國(guó)家創(chuàng)造更多的財(cái)富?！囵B(yǎng)出大量熟練技工和技術(shù)人員的國(guó)家比那些工人大多沒(méi)有技能的國(guó)家更有能力創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。財(cái)富也會(huì)產(chǎn)生財(cái)富。），穩(wěn)定的政治環(huán)境，熟練的技術(shù)，自身的財(cái)富積累，第三段列舉了這三個(gè)原因，所以答案選B。戰(zhàn)火或者敵國(guó)入侵是政局不穩(wěn)定的原因。

第5題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“該段的主旨”；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)支持段落主旨的例子”；C選項(xiàng)“段落的結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)“與段落無(wú)關(guān)”。根據(jù)文章定位到第三段第二句話ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.（中國(guó)也許和美國(guó)一樣擁有豐富的自然資源，但是遭受了多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和外部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，由于這個(gè)和其他原因，無(wú)法開(kāi)發(fā)它的資源）。從句是在描述一個(gè)事情所以不可能是主旨或者結(jié)論，一個(gè)段落中的句子不可能和句子無(wú)關(guān)，所以答案選B。該句主旨句為Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.（僅次于自然資源的是利用它們的能力。），緊接著第二句就是中美之間的例子，由此可知這第二句是支持論點(diǎn)的論據(jù)。

3.單選題

（）2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup，shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.While

D.Despite

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。inspite應(yīng)與of搭配；although“盡管”，連詞；while“然而，連詞；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；despite“盡管”，介詞?？崭窈笫敲~短語(yǔ)，因此前面只能是介詞。句意：年底前的研究表明，盡管2.600萬(wàn)人元旦開(kāi)始節(jié)食，92%的節(jié)食者在一周后就放棄了,然后回避運(yùn)動(dòng)并大吃安慰食品。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures“失敗”；defects“缺點(diǎn)”；routes“路線”；spots“斑點(diǎn)”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarried

C.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。后面的句子用了if虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由此可知前面句子是事實(shí)，那么前面的句子意思應(yīng)該是“你本不需要親自拿包裹”，表示本不必做但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)做了，needn’thavedone（本不必做）正符合句意。句意：你本不必親自拿這些包裹的。如果你叫售貨員，商店就會(huì)替你郵寄他們的。故正確答案為B。

6.單選題

Aneducationalenvironmenttoseparateyoufromthedailyrigorsoflife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isdesigned

B.designed

C.istobedesigned

D.designs

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的用法。句子主語(yǔ)是aneducationalenvironment“一種教育環(huán)境”，是design動(dòng)作執(zhí)行的對(duì)象，因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“教育環(huán)境被設(shè)計(jì)成”；固定用法bedesignedtodo“打算、目的是”；A選項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；B選項(xiàng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C選項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表“將要被設(shè)定成”；D選項(xiàng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；句意：教育環(huán)境能將你從日常生活的艱辛中抽離出來(lái)。根據(jù)句意A選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

7.單選題

TheexpresstrainfromLondon（

）ontime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pulledup

B.pulledover

C.pulledin

D.pulledthrough

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pullup意為“拔起，阻止”；pullover意為“靠邊停車(chē)”；pullin意為“吸引，進(jìn)站”；pullthrough意為“恢復(fù)健康，度過(guò)難關(guān)”。

句意：從倫敦開(kāi)出的快車(chē)準(zhǔn)時(shí)進(jìn)站。

8.單選題

Unlikethelibertarians,hedoesnotbelievethestateisasecond-orderphenomenon,amereenablerorprotectorofwhatpeoplechoosetodoincivilsocietyor,alternatively,asaboteuroftheirfreedoms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributor

B.distracter

C.destroyer

D.precursor

【答案】C

【解析】與自由主義者不同，他不認(rèn)為國(guó)家是一種二階現(xiàn)象，僅僅是公民社會(huì)中人們選擇做什么的推動(dòng)者或保護(hù)者，或者是他們自由的破壞者。由“…or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的兩種角色，前者是enabler和protector，則saboteur與之是相對(duì)立的。A選項(xiàng)attributor“屬性；特質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)distracter“誤選項(xiàng)；干擾項(xiàng)”；C選項(xiàng)destroyer“破壞者”；D選項(xiàng)precursor“先驅(qū)，前導(dǎo)”。比較選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibitingthesaleofcigarettesandalcoholicdrinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazardsofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmoking

toomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandthebarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendonceandforalltotheruinousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericanscurrentlysuffer—alcoholism.

Butwait.We’vealreadytriedthat.For13years,between1920and1933,therewerenoliquorstoresanywhereintheUnitedStates.TheywereshutdownabolishedbyanamendmenttotheConstitutionandbyalawofCongress.AfterJanuary20,1920,therewassupposedtobenomoremanufacturing,selling,ortransportingof“intoxicatingliquors”.Withoutanymoreliquor,peoplecouldnotdrinkit.Andiftheydidnotdrinkit,howcouldtheygetdrunk?Therewouldbenomoredangerstothepublicwelfarefromdrunkennessandalcoholism.Itwasallverylogical.Andyetprohibitionofliquor,beer,andwinedidnotwork.Why?

Because,lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakeriskstogetit.Theywerenotabouttochangetheirtastesandhabitsjustbecauseofachangeinthelaw.Andgangsofliquorsmugglersmadeiteasytobuyanillegaldrink—ortwoorthree.TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanborders.DrinkerswerelikelytoknowofanillegalbarthatservedMexicanorCanadianliquor.Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition.Instead,peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.

OnDecember5,1933,theyremovedProhibitionbyapprovingthe21stAmendmenttotheConstitution.

1.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacharacteristicreasonfortheproposalofthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitutionandtheVolsteadAct?

2.DuringProhibition,illegalalcoholwas（）.

3.DuringProhibition,people（）.

4.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaw,governmentofficialsassumedthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewouldbenofurtherdangertothepublicfromalcoholism.

B.Therewouldbeariseinthecostofalcoholicbeverages.

C.Withoutliquor,peoplewouldnotdrink.

D.Peoplewouldnotbecomedrunkofcreateapublicnuisance.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.soldopenly

B.nolongeratemptation

C.amajorfactorinthepassageoftheVolsteadAct

D.broughtacrosstheMexicanandCanadianborders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.livedinfearofthelaw

B.werewillingtoriskarrestforthepleasureofliquor

C.recklesslyendangeredtheircommunities

D.wererespectfulofthelegalsanctionsplacedonthem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.everyAmericanwouldbuyalcoholillegally

B.allcriminalactivitieswouldcease

C.patrolsoftheCanadianborderwouldhaltthesaleofalcohol

D.thesocialthreatfromdrunkennesswoulddecline

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theCongresswaswisetorepealProhibition

B.theProhibitionErawascharacterizedbyadecreaseincrimeanddrunkenness

C.duringProhibition,mostAmericansstoppeddrinking

D.lawsshouldbepassedtobanthesaleofalcoholicbeverages

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A、C、D在本段均有提及,只有選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第五句“TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.”可知，非法酒類是通過(guò)墨西哥及加拿大的邊境走私而來(lái)的，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的一二句“l(fā)awornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition.”禁酒的結(jié)果本應(yīng)該是減少犯罪和酗酒。由此推斷官員推行禁酒是希望酗酒對(duì)社會(huì)的威脅會(huì)有所下降，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.”有了禁令之后，人們喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日廢除了禁令，這一做法是明智的,選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Theconsequencesofthisill-advisedpolicyarealreadyknowntoallofushere,（

）tosaythatwehavesufferedmorelossesinthismonththaninthethreepreviousyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsuffice

B.sufficesit

C.sufficeit

D.itissuffice

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。suffice(it)tosay“說(shuō)得夠多了”。句意：這項(xiàng)不明智政策的后果已經(jīng)人盡皆知，不必再多說(shuō)什么，我們這個(gè)月所遭受的損失比前三年的還多。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Smellisthemostdirectofallthesenses.Itisthoughttobetheoldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmellishard-wiredintothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,whichmanagestheperceptionofsmells,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.Theolfactorynerveprovidesadirectlinkfromreceptorsatthetopofthenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,andbehavior.

Theolfactorysystemdetectscertainairbornechemicalsthatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicalinformationtothelimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostrilisyellow,moist,andfulloffattysubstances.Theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell:thedeepertheshade,thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.Animalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmell,sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyellowtoreddishbrown,whilethoseofhumansarelightyellow.

Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactoryreceptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasalcavity.Olfactoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciliathatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odormoleculesdiffuseintothisregionandareabsorbedbytheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcells.Whatthismeansisthatwhenweholdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasalcavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemillionolfactoryreceptorcells.Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsestothebrain’solfactorybulb,orsmellcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformationabouttheroseentersthebrain’slimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.

Thelimbicsystemofthebrainintegratesmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelatednervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionalcenterofemotionssuchasanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.Thecomponentsofthelimbicsystemarelinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvolvedincomplexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakesdecisionsabouttheemotionalcontentoftheseuniquehumanqualitiesafter“consulting”thelimbicsystemandtheotherbraincentersinprocessingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriestomodifybehavior.

Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenweinhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain’slimbiccentercomparetheodorenteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memoriesassociatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asmellcanbeoverwhelminglynostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxyfragranceofcrayonscaninstantlytransportustooursecond-gradeclassroom,orthescentoffreshlymowngrasscanflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.Whatweseeandhearmayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmellissentdirectlytolong-termmemory.

Smellscanincreasealertnessandstimulatelearningandretention.Inonestudy,childrenmemorizedawordlist,whichwaspresentedbothwithandwithoutaccompanyingscents.Thechildrenrecalledwordsonthelistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhenthelistwasgivenwithscentsthanwithout,showingthelinkbetweensmellandtheabilitytoretaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarioussmellscanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthescentoflavendercouldwakeupthemetabolismandmakepeoplemorealert.Theyalsofoundthatthesmellofspicedapplescouldreducebloodpressureandavertapanicattackinpeopleunderstress.

1.Whydoestheauthorusetheterm“hard-wired”indescribingthesenseofsmellandthebrain?

2.Ofwhatsignificanceisthecoloroftheolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostril?

3.Whathappenswhentheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcellsabsorbodormolecules?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“crayons”and“freshlymowngrass”inParagraph5?

5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph6aboutlearning?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todescribethetextureandfeeloftheolfactorynerve

B.Toemphasizethecloseconnectionbetweensmellandthebrain

C.Tocomparethepowerofsmellwiththatofothersenses

D.Toexplainhowthesenseofsmellevolvesinearlyhumans

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecolorchangeswithdifferentairbornechemicals.

B.Thesignificanceofthecolorislittleunderstood.

C.Thecolorbecomesdarkerwhenanodorispresent.

D.Thecolorshowsthestrengthoftheabilitytosmell.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thetinyhairsinsidethenosebecomedarkerincolor.

B.Thenervoussystemactivatesthedigestivesystem.

C.Theolfactorynervesendsimpulsestothebrain.

D.Somereceptorcellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Togiveexamplesofsmellsthatcantriggermemoriesandemotions

B.Tocomparetypicalresponsestotwocommonsmells

C.Toexplainwhysmellsarelikelytoaffectperson’sbehavior

D.Toidentifysmellsthatcanincreasealertnessandworkefficiency

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Learningcannottakeplaceunlessallofthesensesarestimulated.

B.Scentscanstrengthentheabilitytoholdnewinformationinthememory.

C.Itiseasiertorecallpreviouslearningthanitistoretainnewinformation.

D.Childrenwillnotlearnmuchiftheyaredistractedbyoffensiveodors.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到了嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)實(shí)際上就是大腦的延伸，嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)直接將鼻子的鼻受體與大腦中管理記憶、情感和行為的部分相連?？梢酝瞥鲂嵊X(jué)與大腦是緊密聯(lián)系的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句中提到theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell(黃色陰影代表的是嗅覺(jué)的強(qiáng)度)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第三段作者提到了嗅覺(jué)受體纖毛細(xì)胞吸入了氣味分子后發(fā)生的情況。句子中提到了受體細(xì)胞會(huì)刺激嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)，然后嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)發(fā)送脈沖到大腦的嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)或者嗅球。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第五段第一句作者提出氣味可能是記憶和情緒的最強(qiáng)出發(fā)點(diǎn)。由此可知，作者提到的蠟筆和新割的草地是為了證實(shí)他的觀點(diǎn)，并且說(shuō)明氣味是如何觸發(fā)記憶和情緒的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章第六段提出氣味可以提高警覺(jué)，促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，增強(qiáng)記憶力。之后舉了孩子記憶單詞的例子，如果需要記憶的單詞表上有香味，他們會(huì)記得又快又好。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Hadspringeverbeengentle,soendearingbefore?Hadeverylittlescene,everyshopwindow,everyfacehepassedeverbeensowonderfullyinteresting?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractive

B.favorable

C.inspiring

D.peaceful

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attractive吸引人的，令人愉快的B.favorable給人好印象的（有好感）

C.inspiring鼓舞人心的，激勵(lì)的，啟發(fā)靈感的D.peaceful安靜的，平靜的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】endearing的意思為“惹人喜愛(ài)的，討人喜歡的”，這里問(wèn)春天是否曾經(jīng)惹人喜愛(ài)，讓人不自覺(jué)地被他吸引，attractive與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】春天曾經(jīng)如此惹人喜愛(ài)嗎？他走過(guò)的每一處、每一個(gè)商店櫥窗、每一張面孔，都曾經(jīng)是那么奇妙而有趣嗎？

13.單選題

Itisduetotheinventionofthecomputerthatmanhasbeenabletoworksomany.Acase_____isthesuccessfullaunchingofspaceshuttle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inpoint

B.inquestion

C.inaway

D.inbrier

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)inpoint相關(guān)的，恰當(dāng)?shù)模籅選項(xiàng)inquestion討論中的，有問(wèn)題的；C選項(xiàng)inaway從某種程度上，有點(diǎn)兒；D選項(xiàng)inbrief簡(jiǎn)言之。因此，根據(jù)句意可知，正是電腦的發(fā)明才使得人們?cè)谶^(guò)去的幾年中創(chuàng)造了這么多的奇跡，一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦泳褪呛教祜w機(jī)的成功發(fā)射。故A項(xiàng)是正確答案。

14.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreaterjob_______inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitivity

B.creativity

C.stability

D.security

【答案】C

【解析】sensitivity敏感性;creativity創(chuàng)造性;stability穩(wěn)定性;security安全性。句意：與美國(guó)巨大的工作流動(dòng)性相比,日本的工作穩(wěn)定性更強(qiáng)有幾種可能的解釋。mobility的反義詞為stability,所以本題選C。

15.單選題

Dr.Brownbecameirritatedwhenthescienceexperimentthatwassupposedtoconfirmhisfindingsendedup______them.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lingering

B.trampling

C.diminishing

D.debunking

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)linger“消磨，緩慢度過(guò)”，B項(xiàng)trample“踐踏，蔑視”，C項(xiàng)diminish“使減少，使變小”，D項(xiàng)debunk“揭穿……的真相，拆穿……的假面具”。由句子可知，thatwassupposedtoconfirmhisfindings在句子中作定語(yǔ)修飾scienceexperiment，表示“這個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)本應(yīng)該證實(shí)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，而空格處是填入一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾scienceexperimentendedup這一句子，結(jié)合定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容和選項(xiàng)，可知只有debunking符合語(yǔ)境，表示“揭穿真相”。句意：當(dāng)本應(yīng)證實(shí)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)最終揭穿了他們的謊言時(shí)，布朗博士非常惱火。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

17.單選題

（）theheavypollution,thecityofficialshavedecidedtocancelschoolfortheday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prior

B.Bymeansof

C.Dueto

D.Through

【答案】C

【解析】prior在前的，優(yōu)先的；bymeansof依靠；dueto由于；through從頭到尾，徹底。句意：由于污染嚴(yán)重，市政官員已決定停課一天。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Studiesofveryyoungboysandgirlsshowonlythat,（

）boysmayhavealowertoleranceforfrustration,andatendencytowardsrough-and-tumbleplay,thesetendenciesaredwarfedbytheimportanceofmalesocializationandpeerpressureintogenderroles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.because

C.however

D.aslongas

【答案】A

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句意“研究表明，……男孩子可能對(duì)挫折的容忍度較低，還有打鬧的，這些傾向被男性重要的社會(huì)性和性別角色的壓力弱化了。主從句間應(yīng)表示讓步的關(guān)系，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavoras（

）oincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anaddition

B.achallenge

C.analternative

D.anintroduction

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。anaddition“一個(gè)增加”；achallenge“—個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)”；analternative“—種可供替代的選擇”；anintroduction“一個(gè)介紹”。由關(guān)鍵信息“mobilehomes移動(dòng)房屋（房車(chē)）”與“conventionalhousing傳統(tǒng)房屋”的對(duì)應(yīng)可知C選項(xiàng)“一種可供替代的選擇”正確。句意:‘在經(jīng)歷了這一年早期的銷(xiāo)售低谷之后，移動(dòng)房屋（房車(chē)）作為越來(lái)越昂貴的傳統(tǒng)房屋的替代品已經(jīng)受到人們的青睞?！?/p>

20.單選題

Scientistsshouldhavechoiceastowhatareastheyexplore,andcertainlyhavetheethicalrightandobligationsas（

）toinfluencewhatuseismadeoftheirdiscoveries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anthropologists

B.philanthropists

C.archaeologists

D.humanists

【答案】D

【解析】anthropologist人類學(xué)家；philanthropist慈善家；archaeologist考古學(xué)家；humanist人道主義者。句意：科學(xué)家應(yīng)該選擇他們所探索的領(lǐng)域，他們當(dāng)然也有像人道主義者一樣的道德權(quán)利和義務(wù)來(lái)影響他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的用途。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

21.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.IthasstartedtoexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK.

B.Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas.

C.Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource.

D.IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury’stosellpetinsects.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itmadehimfeelstrange.C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.

B.C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.B.

C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.B.Itwasreallyunforgettable.

D.Itwasapleasantsurprise.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats.

B.Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld.

C.Theyaremoretastythanbeef,chickenorpork.

D.Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisapromisingindustry.

B.Itrequiresnewtechnology.

C.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Itsaveshugeamountsoflabour.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]EatGrubisBritain’sfirstnewfoodcompanythatbreakswesternfoodboundariesbyintroducingedibleinsectsasanewsourceoffood.AndSainsbury’sisthefirstUKsupermarkettostockthecompany’crunchyroastedcrickets.

Sainsbury’sinsiststhatsuchfoodisnojokeandcouldbeanew,sustainablesourceofprotein.Outofcuriosity,IpaidavisittoSainsbury’s.AsIputmyhandintoapacketofcricketswiththeirtinyeyesandlegs,theideaofonegoinginmymouthmademefeelalittlesick.[13]Butthefirstbitewasapleasantsurprise.Alittledryandlackingoftaste,butatleastawingdidn’tgetstuckinmythroat.Theroastedseasoninglargelyoverpoweredanyotherflavouralthoughtherewasslightlybitteraftertaste.Thetexturewascrunchy,butsmeltalittleofcatfood.EatGrubalsorecommendsthecricketsasatoppingfornoodles,soupsandsalads.

[14]Thecompanyboaststhatitsdriedcricketscontainmoreproteinthanbeef,chickenandpork,aswellasmineralslikeironandcalcium.Unliketheproductionofmeat,bugsdonotuseuplargeamountsofland,waterorfeed,and[15]insectfarmingalsoproducesfarfewergreenhousegases.However,despitetwobillionpeopleworldwidealreadysupplementingtheirdietwithinsects,“consumerdisgust”remainsalargebarrierinmanywesterncountries.I’mnotsurebu