考研考博-英語-寧夏醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sheknowsalotofyoungmen,butitisn’teasytochoosea/an______onewhoisbothrichandattractive.

問題1選項

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.diligent

D.qualified

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項eligible“（指認為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的；具備條件的”；B選項elegant“優(yōu)雅的；精美的”；C選項diligent“勤勉的”；D選項qualified“有文憑的；有限度的，有保留的”。句意：她認識很多年輕人，但要選擇一個既有錢又有魅力的______卻不容易。根據(jù)語境，這里指即使這么多優(yōu)秀的人，選一個合心意的也不容易。A選項eligible“（指認為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Anoisyaggressivecousinofthecrow,themagpiehasthosebird’sthievishhabits.

問題1選項

A.Anoisy

B.aggressive

C.those

D.habits

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)題意，如果noisy和aggressive是并列的關系，共同修飾cousin，那么應該用and來連接，所以noisy應該用來修飾aggressive，改為noisily副詞形式，句意：喜鵲是烏鴉吵鬧好斗的近親，也有鳥那種偷偷摸摸的習性。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

問題1選項

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

問題5選項

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因為……”。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點的石頭當錘子，有時候會推著堅果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住海葵作武器趕跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“森林靈長類動物和海洋中的某些動物被用來作為動物使用工具的例子，下列哪項不包含在內(nèi)”。文章第二段提到動物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，還有動物用工具來準備食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石頭來砸堅果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具來趕跑敵人。由此可知只有選項D沒有提及，符合題意。

4.單選題

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

問題1選項

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

問題2選項

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.Carnegie

問題3選項

A.HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.

B.Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.

C.Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.

D.Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.

問題4選項

A.togainprofitfromthegod

B.togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision

C.togainforeknowledge

D.togainobjectiveconclusion

問題5選項

A.Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.

B.Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.

C.ContactwithGod.

D.Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（這看起來像一個典型的商務會議。六名身穿白襯衫、打著領帶的男子魚貫進入雅加達一家小公司的會議室，在一張長桌旁坐下。但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）由此得知在印尼，商人們經(jīng)營公司的方式很獨特，結(jié)合第三段BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.（商人Hadisiko說，他的團隊每周四都要禁食冥想一整夜，以便更接近上帝，與過去偉人的靈魂接觸?！叭绻覀兿肫刚埞芾韺拥娜?，我們會一起思考，通常會得到這樣的信息：這個人守不住錢，或者他不值得信任）可以推測出印尼的商人做生意最重要的因素是冥想，選C選項“冥想”；A選項“神秘主義”，B選項“宗教”以及D選項“投資”都不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“consult”定位到第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知選A選項“古爪哇國王的靈魂”；B選項“WaliUllah”，C選項“老國王”以及D選項“卡耐基”皆不符合原文。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Hadisiko”定位到原文第三段Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.（接著他匆忙補充說他的公司也采用現(xiàn)代人事管理系統(tǒng)，即要考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷）可知選B選項“表明他們也關注資質(zhì)”；A選項“他認為神秘主義不像預期的那么好”，C選項“顯示他們雇用了合格的人”以及D選項“展示科學管理與宗教結(jié)合的可能性”皆不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第一段Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.（其中一名冥想者說，他每周的冥想課程主要是為了帶來心靈的平靜，從而做出好的決定），以及第三段Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition…”（遠景的投資也是通過神秘的沉思加以考慮?！坝兄潘珊烷_放的頭腦，易于客觀地判斷新投資的風險。沉思和與過去領袖的接觸會使你的洞察力和感官變得敏銳……”）可以推測出冥想的功能是讓人變得平靜，以至做出更好的決定，選B選項“得到冷靜頭腦來決策”；A選項“從神那里獲得利益”，C選項“獲得預知”和D選項“獲得客觀結(jié)論”和原文不符。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”定位到第三段Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.（神秘冥想幫助扭轉(zhuǎn)了他的公司在1980年中期經(jīng)歷的業(yè)務下滑的局勢。按照正常的業(yè)務流程，他僅在那一年就損失了300多萬美元），結(jié)合第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知“正常業(yè)務流程操作”應表示不冥想不禁食，選B選項“沒有沉思和齋戒的常規(guī)做生意”；A選項“采用西方經(jīng)營方式”屬于過度推測，原文并沒有明確表示該觀點；C選項“與上帝接觸”，D選項“把合適的人放在合適的崗位上”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

China’slong-runningcampaigntotightenmonetarypolicymayhavealittlemorelifeinitwitheconomistsexpectingthePeople’sBankofChinawillraiseinterestratesatleastonemoretimethisyear,asurveyofeconomistsbyDowJonesNewswiresshowedWednesday.

SixoutofteneconomistspolledsaidtheyexpectedChina’scentralbankwilllikelyraisethebenchmarklendinganddepositratesbyafurther0.25percentagepointeachthisyeartocombathighinflation.Theotherfourforecasterspredictedbetweenoneandtwohikesthroughtheendoftheyear.

ThePeople’sBankofChinaisalsolikelytoraisebanks’reserverequirementratioby50basispointsnextmonth,continuingitspatternofraisingtheratioonceamonthsofarthisyear,accordingtothesurvey.Buteconomistsexpectthepaceofsuchincreasestoslowlaterintheyear.“Withinflationstayingrelativelyhigh,theauthoritiesareunlikelytorelaxpolicytighteningintheshortterm,”ChinaInternationalCapitalCorporationLtd,economistPengWensheng(彭文生)said.

ThelatestinflationdatashowedthatChina’sconsumerpriceindexrose5.3%fromayearearlierinApril,downslightlyfromMarch’s5.4%risebutstillwellabovetheofficialfull-yeartargetofaround4%.ManyeconomistsexpectinflationtopeakinJune.

【答案】道瓊斯通訊社周三對經(jīng)濟學家進行的一項調(diào)查顯示，中國長期的貨幣緊縮政策可能會稍微放寬一點，同吋也有經(jīng)濟學家希望中國銀行今年至少再提高一次利率。

十分之六的經(jīng)濟學家投票支持中國中央銀行在今年將基準利率和存款利率分別再提高0.25個百分點，以應對高通貨膨脹率。其他四個預報員預計在今年年底還會有一到兩次的提高。

調(diào)查表明，中國銀行將會延續(xù)其今年一個月提髙一次比率的態(tài)勢，在下個月可能將銀行存款準備進率提高50個基本點。但經(jīng)濟學家希望今年這種提高的幅度能夠減緩。中國國際金融有限公司的經(jīng)濟學家彭文生表示，“在通脹率維持在較高水平的情況下，當局不大可能在短期內(nèi)放寬緊縮政策”。

最新的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的消費者物價指數(shù)從去年四月份開始提髙了5.3個百分點，相比三月份的5.4個百分點有所下降，但仍遠高于官方大約4個百分點的全年目標。許多經(jīng)濟學家預計通貨膨脹率將在6月份達到峰值。

6.單選題

Thenewcolleague（

）

tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:新同事聲稱自己在加入我們公司之前曾在幾家大公司工作過。Confess坦白，承認;declare聲明;宣布,通常后接名詞或that引導的從句;claim聲稱，宣布,常后接動名詞、that引導從句或不定式短語;confirm證實；肯定,后接that引導的從句。因此從語法跟語義角度來說,C項正確。

7.單選題

VisitorstoEnglandsometimesfindthelackofpublicactivitiesintheevenings（

）.

問題1選項

A.depressed

B.depression

C.depressing

D.depressingly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前往英格蘭的游客有時會因為缺乏晚上的公共活動而感到沮喪。

語法題?？疾橘e語補語?？崭裉帒钊胄稳菰~作賓語“缺乏晚上的公共活動”的補語,排除B,D。depressed沮喪的;depressing令人沮喪的。故C符合句意。

8.單選題

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

問題1選項

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

問題2選項

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

問題3選項

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

問題4選項

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

問題5選項

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

問題6選項

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

問題7選項

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

問題8選項

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

問題9選項

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

問題10選項

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

問題11選項

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

問題12選項

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

問題13選項

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

問題14選項

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

問題15選項

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

問題16選項

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

問題17選項

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

問題18選項

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

問題19選項

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

問題20選項

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

問題21選項

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問題22選項

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

問題23選項

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

問題24選項

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

問題25選項

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

問題26選項

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

問題27選項

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

問題28選項

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

問題29選項

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

問題30選項

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:B

第21題:D

第22題:A

第23題:B

第24題:A

第25題:C

第26題:D

第27題:C

第28題:A

第29題:D

第30題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。選項后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”，中文翻譯為：我們都有罪惡的快樂。下文又說“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”，中文翻譯為：我們?nèi)粘５臎Q定通常是由一種根深蒂固的感覺所支配的……可知選項處應表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故A項最符合。

2.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“near-termregrets近期遺憾”“l(fā)ong-termregrets長期遺憾”以及“overthelongterm長期來看”可知A選項“從長遠看”正確。

3.【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項deliberately“故意地；謹慎地”；B選項impulsively“沖動地；有推動力地”；C選項consciously“自覺地；有意識地”；D選項compulsively“強制地，強迫地”。聯(lián)系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻譯為：如果我們重視工作而不是休閑、選擇必需品而不是奢侈品，推斷出空格處選B。

4.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項grow“使生長；種植；擴展”；B選項increase“增加”；C選項feed“喂養(yǎng)”；D選項arouse“引起”。根據(jù)語境和句意，后面搭配strongregrets，譯為“強烈的遺憾”可知D選項正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。結(jié)合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”，中文大意為：面對于沒有在休息時間工作、學習或存錢的遺憾則隨著時間的推移而減少。因此判斷出空格處表示減少的意思，A選項正確。

6.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項anticipate“預料，期望”；B選項realize“實現(xiàn)；認識到；了解”；C選項abandon“遺棄；放棄”；D選項recall“召回；回想起，記起；取消”。聯(lián)系下文“anticipatedregret”意為：預料遺憾，可知A選項正確。

7.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項investigate“調(diào)查；研究”；B選項explore“探索；探測；探險”；C選項examine“檢查；審查”；D選項involve“包含；牽涉；使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”，中文翻譯為：我們的研究，可知A選項正確。

8.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“對……感到遺憾（或后悔）”，故C選項正確。

9.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。結(jié)合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D選項正確。

10.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項similar“類似的”；B選項different“不同的；個別的，與眾不同的”；C選項alike“相似的；相同的”；D選項related“有關系的”。結(jié)合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娛樂之間”可知該空格處應表示類似的模式。因此可知A選項正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。結(jié)合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻譯為：商人看待在工作和娛樂之間過去的選擇。判斷出正確答案為A“如何”。

12.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。對應下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻譯為：然而，過去盡職的那些人經(jīng)歷日益增強的……判斷出最符合語境句意的選項為C“越來越少的”。

13.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“錯過機會”，故選B。

14.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻譯為：一種過度的遠見，可知此處對應D項“遭受”。

15.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。聯(lián)系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻譯為：他們專注于……做事負責且他們將放縱看成是浪費的、不負責的甚至不道德的。結(jié)合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于誘惑”判斷應選A“而不是”。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項require“需要；要求”；B選項inquire“詢問；查究；問明”；C選項acquire“獲得；學到；捕獲”；D選項enquire“詢問；調(diào)查；問候”。結(jié)合下文necessities“必需品”，可知最佳答案為C。

17.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻譯為：這些消費者恰恰避開他們極其喜愛的這些產(chǎn)品和經(jīng)歷，可以判斷出選項處應表示“結(jié)果”。答案為C。

18.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”，并且此處為主動語態(tài)。答案為D。

19.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項regret“后悔；惋惜；哀悼”；B選項appreciate“感激；領會”；C選項decline“謝絕；婉拒”；D選項value“評價；重視”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市場營銷者能幫助消費者做出適當放縱的選擇”和下文overthelongterm“從長期來看”可以推測出答案為B。

20.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。A選項inpublic“公開地，當眾”；B選項inadvance“預先，提前”；C選項ingeneral“總之”；D選項indetail“詳細地”。結(jié)合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在購物之旅后”可以判斷出最符合的答案是選項B。

21.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項chance“機會，際遇；運氣”；B選項opportunity“時機，機會”；C選項capability“才能，能力；性能，容量”；D選項possibility“可能性；可能發(fā)生的事物”。聯(lián)系下文可知正確選項為D。

22.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”。可知A選項為最佳答案。

23.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項attract“吸引”；B選項cause“引起；使遭受；給……帶來”；C選項render“致使；提出”；D選項create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作”。結(jié)合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻譯為：最大的遺憾，可知最佳答案為B。

24.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。結(jié)合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻譯為：在這個購物之旅后，我們檢查了這些消費者實際購買的東西，可以判斷選項A“如我們所料”正確。

25.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“傾向于做某事”，結(jié)合上下文可知答案為C。

26.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。A選項unless“除非，如果不”；B選項although“盡管；雖然”；C選項when“當……時”；D選項whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此處應該表示“然而”，故答案為D。

27.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。結(jié)合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”，中文翻譯為：消費者也可以從這些提示中受益，可知C為最佳答案。

28.【試題解析】考查邏輯關系。聯(lián)系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”，中文翻譯為：放棄這個放縱的選擇，和下文“afamilyvacation”，中文翻譯為：一個家庭度假，可知此處應為forgo的近義詞，故選A。

29.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項even“甚至，連，即使；更加”；B選項never“從未；決不”；C選項still“仍然；靜止地”；D選項ever“永遠；曾經(jīng)；究竟”。聯(lián)系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻譯為：沒有人在彌留之際，判斷出D為最佳答案。

30.【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻譯為：沒有人在彌留之際，以及空格前的wish可知此處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句的謂語動詞用would/couldhavedone。可知答案為B。

9.單選題

Comte'sphilosophicalsuccessor,whocarriedonbothhisphenomenalistandpresentationalistphilosophyintothesocialarenaofpoliticsandethics,wasJohnStuartMill.ButfirstwemustturntoanevengreaterinfluenceonMill'sviews,oneoftheleadingradicalreformersofthenineteenthcentury,JeremyBentham.

BorninLondon,thesonofaleadingattorney,BenthamwasachildprodigywhobeganstudyinghistoryandLatinattheageofthree.AttwelveheenteredQueen'sCollegeinOxfordandearnedhisB.A.inthreeyearsandhisM.A.twoyearslaterattheageofseventeen.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobecomeapracticinglawyer,butBenthamwasfarmoreinterestedinthephilosophicalfoundationsofethics,morality,andlegaltheory.HetraveledwidelythroughoutEuropeandwrotehisfirstessayoneconomicsinRussia.In1792hebecameacitizenofFrance.

Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.Hewentontopublishseveralbooksonpoliticalandlegaltheory,butitwashisIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationthatmadehimapowerfulandinfluentialinternationalfigure.InhisPrincipleshelaidthegroundworkforutilitarianism;asdevelopedbyMill(whomweshallconsiderinthenextsection),histheoryisstilltodayoneoftheleadingmoraltheoriesintheworld.

Benthamdefineshisprincipleofutilityas"thatpropertyinanyobjectwherebyittendstoproducepleasure,goodorhappiness,ortopreventthehappeningofmischief,pain,evilorunhappinesstothepartywhoseinterestisconsidered".AccordingtoBentham,thisprincipletakesaccountofthetwomainmotivesforallhumanaction—painandpleasure.Governments,social,politicalandlegalinstitutions,aswellasindividualcitizens,shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.Sinceleadersaswellasindividualsarethusmorallyboundtofollowthesameuniversalprincipleandonethatisreadilyaccessibletoeveryone—weallknowwhatpainandpleasureare—therecanbenomanipulation,throughrhetoric,oftheweakbythepowerful.InBentham'ssystemweareeachourownbestjudgeastohowbesttoliveandattainhappiness.

Heopenlycalledfortherejectionofallmonarchiesandestablishedchurches,claimingthat"allgovernmentisinitselfonevastevil."Theonlyjustificationforputtingsuchevilintoplacewouldbetopreventsomegreaterevil;governmentsshouldthereforeneverstrayfromtheprincipleofutility—thegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.

1.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"scalesfellfromeyes"inthethirdparagraph?

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainthequotesinthefourthparagraphofBentham'sdefinitionofprincipleofutility?

3.HowdidBenthaminfluencetheworldaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthe