考研考博-英語-安徽揚子職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽揚子職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指任何故事或普通生活都無法與之相匹敵。選項C與劃線部分意思最為接近。

2.單選題

問題1選項

A.Hiswifehasjustpassedaway.

B.Hiswifeisunconscious.

C.Hesuffersfromshortnessofbreath.

D.Hesuffersfromdepression.

【答案】B

【解析】1.M:Ineedadoctorrightnow.

W:Tellmetheproblem,sir.

M:Mywifejustpassedout.

W:Sir,It’sdifficulttounderstandyou.Pleasetakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.

Q:Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這個男子為什么打這通電話？由文中“Mywifejustpassedout.（我妻子暈過去了）”，可知B選項“Hiswifeisunconscious.（他的妻子失去意識了）”符合原文。A選項“我的妻子剛剛?cè)ナ懒恕?；C選項“他呼吸急促”；D選項“他患有抑郁癥”不符合原文。

3.單選題

8.

問題1選項

A.Inthegym.

B.Intheoffice.

C.Intheclinic.

D.Intheboat.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ok,everythinglooksship-shape.

W:Great!WhenshouldIcomeagainforaphysical?

Q:Wheredidthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推斷題。女士問何時來復(fù)查，由此推斷對話場景應(yīng)為醫(yī)院。

4.單選題

Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項

A.nearly

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項nearly表示“差不多，幾乎”，B選項hardly表示“幾乎不，簡直不，剛剛”，C選項merely表示“僅僅，只不過，只是”，D選項barely表示“僅僅，勉強，幾乎不，貧乏的”。根據(jù)句意“這位病人的進步讓人興奮”可知，病人可以不需要別人幫忙就能下床走路，空缺處單詞應(yīng)表示肯定。因此，只有A選項最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為A選項。

5.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)______ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

問題1選項

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項altitude“高地；高度；頂垂線；高級；海拔”；B選項latitude“緯度；界限；活動范圍”；C選項multitude“大量，多數(shù)；群眾，人群”；D選項attitude“態(tài)度；看法；意見；姿勢”。根據(jù)固定搭配amultitudeof“大批的，眾多的；大量的；一大批”可知句意為：英語語言還有很多相對來說很少被使用在我們的日常談話中的單詞。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

ThephysicaldevastationcausedbytheCivilWar,thefreeingoftheslaves,andthechaosoftheReconstructionerahadruinouseffectsonMississippi’seconomy.

問題1選項

A.impact

B.disorder

C.offence

D.folly

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.impact巨大影響，強大作用B.disorder雜亂，混亂

C.offence犯罪，罪行D.folly愚笨，愚蠢的想法（或事情、行為）

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】chaos的意思為“混亂，雜亂”，指的是重建時期的混亂，disorder與之詞義相近，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】南北戰(zhàn)爭造成的物質(zhì)破壞，奴隸解放和重建時期的混亂給密西西比的經(jīng)濟帶來了毀滅性的影響。

7.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

問題1選項

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B選項active“積極的；活躍的”；C選項substantial“大量的；實質(zhì)的”；D選項potential“潛在的，可能的”。句意:工業(yè)區(qū)應(yīng)該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但要足夠遠，以減少潛在的危險。所選之詞應(yīng)修飾hazards(危險)，而且其意應(yīng)為“潛在的或可能發(fā)生的”危險。故選D。

8.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch"“captive”"shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.Itisatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail."“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace”"asksMar-tinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehiswitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Whoisgoingtopayfortherestofthebill.Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause___________.

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippersattitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that___________.

4Theword"“arbiters”"mostprobablyreferstothose___________.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby___________.

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。題目問的是支持并購的人為什么認為鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)不會形成壟斷。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“支持者，合并，不可能”可以定位到第二段。支持者認為“Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.”意思是因為要和卡車競爭，所以不存在壟斷的可能。”因此C最符合文章原意。A不對，文章說支持者認為合并能降低成本，而不是競爭降低成本。B不對是因為文中只是說可以更好協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)，而不是跨行業(yè)。D把主語和賓語弄反了，而且也不是支持者的觀點，所以也是錯誤的。因此，答案為C。

2.【試題解析】：觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是許多受控制的托運商對鐵路合并的態(tài)度是什么。注意問的不是作者的態(tài)度,，是貨主的態(tài)度,，根據(jù)文中第三段由于鐵路運輸業(yè)之間的合并使得發(fā)貨商只能求助于一家公司，他們所付的運費要高出20%～30%，如果他們覺得收費過高，他們有權(quán)提出申訴要求降低費率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時而且只有在真正極端的情況下才有效果；根據(jù)第五段首句“Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases．”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞worry一詞，可得發(fā)貨商對于繼續(xù)增加費用的擔(dān)憂。所以發(fā)貨商對于鐵路運輸業(yè)的合并是“充滿擔(dān)憂的”，而選項A“漠不關(guān)心的”，以及選項B“支持的”和選項C“義憤的”原文中并沒有提及。因此，答案為D。

3.【試題解析】：判斷推理題。A的意思是說沒有競爭的鐵路運輸公司，運輸公司的費用會少一些。根據(jù)原文第三段第二句“Railroadstypicallychargesuch"‘captive’"shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.”可知，費用是高了百分之二十到三十，而不是少了些。根據(jù)文中第三段首句，大多數(shù)托運商將由一家公司服務(wù)，但B答案是說只剩下一家公司，意義完全不同。C答案根據(jù)原文第三段可知，貨主們?nèi)绻J為鐵路公司收費過高，可以向聯(lián)邦政府的機構(gòu)申請降低費率。但是申訴的過程耗時費錢，可以推斷出他們提出申訴的可能性比較小。D答案是說政府可以保證鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)的公平競爭，文中并沒有提及，屬于無關(guān)選項。因此，答案為C。

4.【試題解析】:語義推測題。arbiter的意思是“仲裁者”，詞義題一般可以根據(jù)其上下文推斷出來其含義，根據(jù)這個單詞定位到原文的第四段的“Doyoureallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”“Itisatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.”由此，可以得出“arbiter”的意思是能夠決定成敗，決定輸贏的一個職位，即選項B最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。題目問的是鐵路成本提高的主要原因，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“costincrease”，定位到原文中的最后一段的第一句話，可得知許多“受制”托運商擔(dān)心他們很快將遭遇一輪新的費率大漲價。目前的鐵路公司所賺的錢不足以支付為滿足不斷增長的運輸需要而進行的固定資產(chǎn)投資，然而鐵路公司仍然繼續(xù)貸款數(shù)十億美元來進行收購。因此，鐵路的經(jīng)營成本提高。選項B，文中雖然提到鐵路公司還沒有足夠的錢去滿足不斷增長的運輸需要，但是這并不是經(jīng)營成本提高的原因。C、D選項文中并沒有依據(jù)。因此，答案為A。

9.單選題

Whenhefinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,Johnwas（）pale.

問題1選項

A.enormously

B.startlingly

C.uniquely

D.dramatically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。enormously非常地，極其，在極大程度上地；startlingly驚人地，使人驚奇地；uniquely獨特地，珍奇地；dramatically顯著地，劇烈的。前半句提到“他30天后才從洞穴里爬出來”可知出來的時候，他臉色看上去白得讓人吃驚。故B項最符合題意。

10.翻譯題

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.為了產(chǎn)生等量的電流，中國的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。從本世紀(jì)的開端起，提高生產(chǎn)率同時節(jié)約能源，這已經(jīng)成為中國政府最關(guān)心的事情之一。

2.在將來的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么職位任務(wù)，他們都不能是技術(shù)文盲。他們沒必要是發(fā)明新技術(shù)的科學(xué)家或工程師，但是，管理者必須清楚對新技術(shù)何時押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技術(shù)能有效地成為“黑匣子”，那么，他們就不會做出改變。這樣，他們將成為失敗者而不是勝者。

4.即使你知道孩子問題的答案，也不要沖動地快速做出回應(yīng)，要給討論余留空間。這強化了科學(xué)僅是一套儲存在成人腦海的事實這一誤解。

5.科學(xué)關(guān)乎于解釋?？茖W(xué)不僅包含事實，而且包含人們通過將信息編織成個關(guān)于自然如何運作的故事而給予它的意義。

11.單選題

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames，phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information—mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential”.ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif（）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause_（）_.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

問題2選項

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits

問題3選項

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

問題4選項

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy

問題5選項

A.bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B.“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C.privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D.consumers,privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.”，私營企業(yè)比政府監(jiān)視得更多，根據(jù)最后一句，“It’sourbanks….passourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.”，說明銀行將我們的私人財務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)給了電話銷售公司。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.”，說明立法者傾向于讓商業(yè)人士隨意跟蹤我們的財務(wù)習(xí)慣。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…h(huán)ad30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomatically…”，說明有30天的取消期限，超過期限會自動收費。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第八段，“Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.”，企業(yè)用你的私人賬戶獲利，但是你得不到任何保護，“nofederallawshields‘transactionandexperience’information”說明私人賬戶被認為是不受法律保護的，選項B符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第八段，說明沒有法律對消費者的隱私給予保護，所以消費者的利益會繼續(xù)被侵犯。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（

）theweightofthebuilding.

問題1選項

A.idealize

B.subside

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】句意:建筑物倒塌是因為它的地基不足以支撐整個建筑物的重量。

考查動詞辨析。Idealize使理想化,理想化地描述;subside平息,減弱;initiate開始,發(fā)起;sustain支撐,維持,承擔(dān)。由關(guān)鍵詞theweightofthebuilding(建筑物重量)可知D符合句意。

13.翻譯題

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】參考譯文：

在校園，你將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)校園文化的一個重要組成部分，那就是愿意面對問題和爭論，為共享的詞匯和共享的理解而不斷努力。你們將面對后啟蒙時代的感性，在這種感性力量下，人類經(jīng)驗中越來越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辯論的影響。生活中越來越少的領(lǐng)域感覺像純粹個人品味的事情，例如選擇巧克力味或香草味，這些事情才是真正的“只是你的觀點”。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會為了尋求共享的理解而花很多時間，通宵達旦。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)作為一個團體的偉大力量之一。和一個與你相似的人達成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一個與你不同的人達成共識就不是什么容易的事了?，F(xiàn)今的高等教育最值得樂觀的一點是，同時意識到了這兩個方面：一是不同的看法、背景和觀點很重要；二是那些持有不同觀點的人們能相聚在一起，在一個美麗的山頂共處四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影響。

14.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問題1選項

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問題2選項

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問題3選項

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問題4選項

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問題5選項

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進運動再到當(dāng)今美國人的西進精神，本文主要講了美國的拓荒精神，即美國人的勇氣和進取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動和激烈的競爭使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語言也是如此?！币约白詈笠欢巍癝omepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺得美國的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來。美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的?！笨芍鼗木耋w現(xiàn)為能克服危險和困難，有勇氣和進取心。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難?！薄癏orriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個拓荒者可能會無助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時候，洪水可能會沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險來自印第安人的襲擊?！币约暗谒亩蔚谝痪洹癟heworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀(jì)中葉，對于一個愛好和平的拓荒者來說，最大的危險可能不是來自自然條件或印第安人，而是來自拓荒者?！笨芍缙谕鼗恼呙媾R自然災(zāi)害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實力和管理能力?？芍狢項“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的。”可知當(dāng)今美國人的拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為勇氣和進取心。故B項正確。

15.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（離子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北風(fēng)）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（靜電）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（惡心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

問題1選項

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問題2選項

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

問題3選項

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問題4選項

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

問題5選項

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentinth