考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東商業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東商業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“whimper”，意為“抽泣，吹口哨”；B選項(xiàng)“whim”，意為“心血來(lái)潮，突發(fā)奇想”，C選項(xiàng)“whirl”，意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)，回轉(zhuǎn)”，D選項(xiàng)“whistle”，意為“口哨，汽笛聲”。句意：最后，小男孩去上學(xué)了，并沒(méi)有多少抗議的念頭。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.雖然我們幾乎沒(méi)有注意到人工智能設(shè)備的存在，但是它們的普遍出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)使人們擺脫了許多的勞動(dòng)。

2.沒(méi)有情感的因素，我們的智慧很難開(kāi)創(chuàng)新道路；沒(méi)有智慧，情感也無(wú)法達(dá)到完美的狀態(tài)。

3.我們必須意識(shí)到：尋求贊許與其說(shuō)是生活之必需，不如說(shuō)是一種欲望。我們都愿意博得掌聲，聽(tīng)到贊揚(yáng)。

4.考試能證明學(xué)習(xí)者在一種語(yǔ)言中是否熟練。通過(guò)語(yǔ)言考試遠(yuǎn)不只是激勵(lì)了自己在語(yǔ)言方面的自尊。

5.在決定什么風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的影響是可以接受的之前，他們需要了解人們?nèi)粘Ｋ鎸?duì)的整個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的水平和通過(guò)努力所能達(dá)到的安全水平。

【答案】1.Althoughwehardlynoticetheexistenceofartificialintelligenceequipment,theirprevalenceinlifehasalreadyenabledpeopletobreakawayfromalotoflabor.

2.Withoutemotions,ourwisdomcanhardlyexploitnewroute;withoutwisdom,emotionscanhardlyreachaperfectstate.

3.Wemustrealizethatseekingapprovalismoreadesirethananecessityoflife.Weareallwillingtowinapplauseandpraise.

4.Theexaminationcanprovetheproficiencyofthelearnerinusingonelanguage.Passingalanguagetestismorethanjustmotivatingyourself-esteeminlanguage.

5.Beforedecidingwhatkindofrisklevelwillproduceacceptableinfluenceonsocietyandeconomy,theyneedtounderstandthelevelofthewholeriskfacedbypeopleindailylifeaswellasthesafelevelachievedbythemthroughendeavor.

3.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨認(rèn)的”;radical“激進(jìn)的,根本的,徹底的”;medieval“中世紀(jì)的,老式的,原始的”;laden“負(fù)載的,裝滿的”。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有著根本的區(qū)別。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.multitude

C.frontier

D.leap

【答案】C

【解析】句意:隨著時(shí)間的推移,醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)的前沿正在向前推進(jìn)。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.翻譯題

October16thisWorldFoodDay,adayofactionagainsthunger.Thedatecommemoratesthefoundingin1945oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization,orFAO.Onthisday,peoplearoundtheworldcometogethertodeclaretheircommitmenttoeradicatehungerinourlifetime.

Overthepastdecadeorso,wehaveseenagreatreductionofpeoplelivingwithhungeronanearlydailybasis.Backthen,aboutoneinsixpeoplewenttobedhungrymostnights.Nowit’saboutoneineverynine.

Nonetheless,thatstillleavessome795,000thousandchronicallyhungrypeoplearoundtheworld.Ofthese,60percentarewomen,andthisdespitethefactthatmostsmallfarmerslivinginthedevelopingworldarewomen.Andwhenwomengohungry,so,alltoooften,dochildren.About161millionkidsundertheageoffivemalnourished.Thismeansthattheirbrainswon’tdevelopnormally,theymayhavedifficultieslearning,andtheirphysicalandcognitivegrowthisstunted.Lackofnutritioncompromisesnotonlytheirownsuccessinthefuture,butalsothedevelopmentofthecommunities,economiesandcountriesinwhichtheylive.Inadditiontothosechildrenwhoarechronicallyundernourished,almost5millionchildrenundertheageof5dieofmalnutrition-relatedcauseseveryyear.

Theglobalcommunityisworkingtoeradicatehunger,becauseitistherightthingtodo.ThefirstoftheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,calledforhalvingtheproportionofpeoplesufferingfromhungerandfacingextremepoverty.Wehaveachievedthatgoal.Aswetransitiontoasustainabledevelopmentagendafor2030,wehaveraisedourambitionsandarestrivingtoeffectivelyendhungerandextremepovertyaltogether.

【答案】【參考譯文】

10月16日是世界糧食日，在這一天會(huì)反對(duì)饑餓。這一天是為了紀(jì)念FAO，即聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)組織于1945年的這一天成立。就是這一天，世界各地的人們團(tuán)結(jié)一心宣布他們會(huì)在有生之年消除饑餓。

在過(guò)去的10年間，我們已經(jīng)很大程度減少了幾乎每天忍饑挨餓的人數(shù)。當(dāng)時(shí)，大約六分之一的人晚上都是餓著肚子睡覺(jué)。而現(xiàn)在大約每9人中仍有1人挨餓。

盡管如此，全世界仍有7950萬(wàn)人長(zhǎng)期饑餓。盡管發(fā)展中國(guó)家的大多數(shù)小農(nóng)是女性，但挨餓的女性仍占60%。而當(dāng)女性餓肚子，她們的孩子也會(huì)挨餓。5歲以下約有1.61億名兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。這表明他們的大腦發(fā)育不正常，可能會(huì)在獲取知識(shí)上遇到困難，而且身體及認(rèn)知上也遇到問(wèn)題。缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)不僅會(huì)影響他們未來(lái)的成功，而且也會(huì)影響他們所處社會(huì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)及國(guó)家的發(fā)展。除了那些長(zhǎng)期營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的孩子，每年近500萬(wàn)名5歲以下兒童會(huì)因營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良而死亡。

全球社會(huì)正在努力消除饑餓，因?yàn)檫@是正確的事情。聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的第一項(xiàng)就是呼吁將饑餓人口及極端貧困的比例減至一半。我們已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)目標(biāo)。當(dāng)我們過(guò)渡到2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，我們已經(jīng)提出了這樣的目標(biāo)并且正努力且富有成效的消除所有饑餓和極端貧困。

6.單選題

Theradioactivitytowhichtheywereexposedwassopowerfulthatthedeadmen'sbodieswerethemselvesaradiation（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bumper

B.fatality

C.hazard

D.expansion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。bumper意為“緩沖器”；fatality意為“死亡，致命性，宿命”；hazard意為“冒險(xiǎn)”；expansion意為“擴(kuò)大”。句意：他們接觸到的放射性是如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于死者的尸體本身就是輻射擴(kuò)散。

7.翻譯題

Haveyouheardofthenews?NosoonerhadhearrivedinRomethanhewaskidnapped!

Smithfailedtoaccountforthedecreaseinthecompany’sannualprofits.

Noonecouldcomeupwithaneasysolutiontothelaborshortagewhichiscausedbythewars.

Althoughtheendofthetermwascloseathand,Tomhadnotcompletedallofftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

Idon’tthinkitissensibleofyoutoshowoffyourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthechairman,foritmaywelloffendhim.

Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.

Theflood-strickenareaisliabletoplagues,soitmakessensetostrengthentheepidemicpreventionthereforthesakeofhealth.

Thegovernmenthadtocometotermswiththetradeunionforfearthatthesituationmightbebeyondcontrol.

Thescientificandtechnologicalprogressisattributedtotheeffortsofthescientists,engineersandothertechnicalworkerswhohavemadeadifference.

Heshouldhavetoldthetruth.Butonsecondthought,heresolvedtokeepthesecret.

【答案】你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了嗎？他一到羅馬就被綁架了。

斯密斯沒(méi)能解釋公司年利潤(rùn)下降的原因。

沒(méi)人能提出一個(gè)合適的方案來(lái)解決由這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)致的勞工短缺問(wèn)題。

盡管就要學(xué)期末了，但是湯姆還沒(méi)有完成所有他想完成的項(xiàng)目。

我覺(jué)得你在校長(zhǎng)面前炫耀自己豐富的知識(shí)是不明智的，因?yàn)檫@可能會(huì)冒犯他。

當(dāng)便宜的大衣跟貴的一樣好的時(shí)候，那還買貴的就沒(méi)意義了。

遭受洪災(zāi)的地區(qū)容易發(fā)生瘟疫，所以為了健康而加強(qiáng)流行病防疫是有意義的。

政府不得不與工會(huì)達(dá)成協(xié)議，唯恐局面失控。

科技進(jìn)步歸功于科學(xué)家、工程師和其他技術(shù)工作者做出的努力。

他本應(yīng)該說(shuō)出真相的。但進(jìn)一步考慮后，他決定保守秘密。

8.單選題

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。brevity“簡(jiǎn)潔”；amenity“舒適，愉悅”；enmity“敵意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠誠(chéng)”。題干中提到有一種東西會(huì)阻止兩鄰國(guó)友好相處，這種東西很明顯是enmity，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

It’snicetohaveclosefriendsandfamilyyoucan（

），butitliftsahugeweightoffyourshoulderswhenyouknowthatyoucouldsurviveonyourownifyouhadto.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.counton

C.conformto

D.committo

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；counton“指望，依賴”；conformto“符合，遵照”；committo“交付，致力于”。句意為：有親密的朋友和家人可以依靠固然很好，但是當(dāng)你知道在不得已的情況下，你可以獨(dú)立生活，那時(shí)你便會(huì)卸下一身重?fù)?dān)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearncultureonehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.為了適應(yīng)這一體系，一個(gè)國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要事實(shí)知識(shí)和解釋性知識(shí)。可知C項(xiàng)“在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中，一個(gè)人既需要事實(shí)知識(shí)，也需要解釋性知識(shí)?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“國(guó)際經(jīng)理不可能學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)文化”文中沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“文化中的事實(shí)知識(shí)需要從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲得”與“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某種程度上，事實(shí)知識(shí)是可以學(xué)習(xí)的;它的解釋只來(lái)自于經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！辈环籇項(xiàng)文中未提到。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。由此可知百事和麥當(dāng)勞的商業(yè)模式相似。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.意圖題。文章開(kāi)篇就提到了在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上，國(guó)際經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備的知識(shí)。最后一段也提及了成功的國(guó)際公司應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)及遵循的原則。所以本文信息主要對(duì)與其他國(guó)家做生意的人有用。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.國(guó)際上成功的公司都有一個(gè)重要的品質(zhì):耐心?！惫蔆項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)athand“在手邊，即將到來(lái)”；B選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流，依次”；C選項(xiàng)inconclusion“總之，最后”；D選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”。句意：導(dǎo)師目前沒(méi)有時(shí)間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，但他就自己的計(jì)劃給了我們一個(gè)大概的看法。根據(jù)后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

12.單選題

Whatyousaynowisnot（

）withwhatyousaidlastweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistent

B.insistent

C.permanent

D.consistent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)的話與你上星期說(shuō)過(guò)的話不一致。

考查形容詞辨析。Persistent堅(jiān)持的,固執(zhí)的;insistent堅(jiān)持的,迫切的;permanent永久的,持久的;consistent始終如一的,持續(xù)的。因此D符合句意。

13.單選題

TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsaims,itsorganizationanditsresults.TheFrenchchildtoo,therawmaterialofthiseducationisunliketheEnglishchildanddifferencesintherawmaterialmaywellaccountfordifferencesintheprocessesemployed.

TheFrenchchild,boyorgirl,givesonetheimpressionofbeingintellectuallymoreprecociousthantheproductofthechillierEnglishclimate.Thisisencouragedbyhisupbringingamongadults,notinanursery.Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation.TheEnglishare,asregardsnationalcharacter,youngerthantheFrench,or,toputitanotherway,thereisinEnglandnodeepdivisionbetweenthelifeofthechildandthatofthegrownman.TheartoftalkingtochildreninthekindoflanguagetheyunderstandissomuchanEnglishartthatmostoftheFrenchchildren'sfavoritebooksaretranslationsfromtheEnglish.

Frenchparentsontheotherhand,dotheirbesttodevelopthechild'sintelligenceasrapidlyaspossible.Theyhavelittlepatiencewithchildishideaseveniftheydonotgosofarastolookuponchildhoodasanunfortunatebutnecessarypreludetoadultlife.Notthattheyneedtoforcethechild,forheusuallylendshimselfwillinglytotheprocess,andenjoystheeffectofhisunexpectedlycleverremarksandunusualsayingsandofhisbrightjudgmentofmenandthings.ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise.ReasonablenessislookedforearlyinFrance,andtheageofreasonisfixedatsevenyears.

1.IncomparingFrenchandEnglisheducationtheauthorindicatesthat（）.

2.ThepassagesuggeststhattheFrenchchild（）.

3.Theword"prelude"inthephrase"…,butnecessarypreludetoadultlife"(inthe2ndsentenceofParagraph3)probablymeans（）.

4.IncomparisonwithFrenchchildren,Englishchildren（）.

5.Frenchmothers（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreatdealcanbelearntbybothcountries

B.differencesshouldnotbelookedforonlyinthemethods

C.theFrenchchildneedsfarmoretraining

D.themaindifferencesareinthechildren

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isasheisbecauseoftheclimate

B.onlyassociateswithadults

C.isnottreatedasachild

D.isforcedtobehavelikeanadult

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.introductorystage

B.consequentevent

C.inevitableresult

D.acceptablereason

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arelessintelligent

B.canstandchillierclimate

C.receivemorecarefromtheirparents

D.haveshorterchildhood

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.knowhowtoappealtowhatisbestintheirchildren

B.arethemostsignificantinfluenceintheirchildren'slives

C.theirchildren'sunexpectedlycleverremarks

D.lackpatienceineverything

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,英國(guó)和法國(guó)在教育體系方面有著很大的差別。同時(shí),作為教育的"原材料",兩個(gè)國(guó)家的孩子們也存在著區(qū)別。教育所采取的方法不同是因?yàn)樵牧喜煌?即因人而異。由此可推斷,教育上的差異,不僅是教育方法不同,"原材料"也存在差異。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)二三的的內(nèi)容可知,法國(guó)的父母總是以成年人的思維對(duì)待和要求孩子,所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.introductorystage引入時(shí)期;consequentevent隨之而來(lái)的事情;inevitableresult必然結(jié)果;acceptablereason可接受的原因。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容,兒童時(shí)期是成人生活的前奏,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段的第三句"Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation."英國(guó)父母很容易根據(jù)孩子的觀點(diǎn)調(diào)整他們的談話,并且使自己能夠?qū)⒆觽兊挠螒蚝完P(guān)注的一些幼稚的東西感興趣。說(shuō)明英國(guó)的孩子比法國(guó)孩子受到父母更多的關(guān)愛(ài),選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Frenchmothers定位到最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句"ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise."法國(guó)母親不是通過(guò)要求孩子做個(gè)好人來(lái)打動(dòng)孩子的心,而是通過(guò)要求他做個(gè)聰明的人來(lái)打動(dòng)他的理智,這并非沒(méi)有意義。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

14.單選題

Johnsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea（）efforttohelpthepoorercountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.futile

B.glittering

C.frantic

D.concentrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。futile“徒勞的”；glittering“閃閃發(fā)光的”；frantic“狂亂的”；concentrated“集中的”。句意：約翰說(shuō)更富裕的國(guó)家應(yīng)該集中去幫助貧窮的國(guó)家。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Healwaysdidwellatschool（）havingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.regardlessof

C.onaccountof

D.incaseof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”；B項(xiàng)regardlessof“不考慮，不顧”；C項(xiàng)onaccountof“因?yàn)?，由于”；D項(xiàng)incaseof“如果發(fā)生……，萬(wàn)一……”；然后我們帶入句子發(fā)現(xiàn)只有A選項(xiàng)符合。句意為：盡管他不得不時(shí)不時(shí)地做些兼職工作，但他在學(xué)校總是表現(xiàn)很好。

16.單選題

Thenumberof500isa(n)（）numberfor498or503.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.odd

B.round

C.long

D.even

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)oddnumber“奇數(shù)”；B選項(xiàng)roundnumber“整數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)longnumber“多位數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)evennumber“偶數(shù)”。題干中需知道數(shù)字500與498和503的關(guān)系，句意：500是498或503的近似百位整數(shù)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺(tái)的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對(duì)最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認(rèn)為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒(méi)有賦予國(guó)會(huì)權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護(hù)擴(kuò)展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國(guó)會(huì)很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過(guò)《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國(guó)公民的平等保護(hù)提供了支持,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國(guó)會(huì)在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒(méi)有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會(huì)頒布。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對(duì)其設(shè)施實(shí)行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護(hù)的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

18.單選題

Definitionsof“culture”aremultiple,broad,andnotablyambiguous.Whilethereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculture,theclassicdefinitionbyE.B.Tylorin1871iswidelycited:“culture...isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic,comprisedofthesharedsolutionstoproblemsfacedbythegroup.Thesesolutionsincludetechnologies,beliefs,andbehaviors.

Culturedoesnotdeterminebehavior,butaffordsgroupmembersarepertoireofideasandpossibleactions,providingtheframeworkthroughwhichtheyunderstandthemselves,theirenvironment,andtheirexperiences.Cultureisacomplexsetofrelationships,responses,andinterpretationsthatmustbeunderstood,notasabodyofdiscretetraits,butasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.Cultureiseverchangingandalwaysbeingrevisedwithinthedynamiccontextofitsenactment.

Cultureisneitherablueprintnoranidentity;individualschoosebetweenvariousculturaloptions,andinourmulticulturalsociety,manytimeschoosewidelybetweentheoptionsofferedbyavarietyofculturaltraditions.Itisnotpossibletopredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividualsbasedontheirrace,ethnicity,ornationalorigin.Individuals’groupmembershipcannotbeassumedtoindicatetheirculturebecausethosewhoshareagrouplabelmayvariouslyenactculture.

Initszealtoencouragerespectforculturaldifferences,theculturalcompetencymovementhassometimeslostsightoftheseimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture.Insteadithastoooftenrepresentedcultureasadecontextualizedsetoftraitsprovidingatemplatefortheperceptionsandbehaviorsofgroupmembers.Aburgeoningliteratureonculturaldiversitypresentsthereaderwithveritablelaundrylistsoftraditionalbeliefsandpracticesostensiblycharacteristicofparticularethnicgroups.Thisapproachencouragesthequestionablenotionthatimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminoritiesareparticularlydrivenbytraditionalism.Theemphasisinthisgenreisondifference,pittingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefsthatremainunnamedandunexplored.

Themisconception,commoninclinicalsettings,thatculturecanbeunderstoodasasetofdiscretetraits,hasledsomemistakenlytotreatcultureasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.Insuchapplications,specificethnicculturesarerepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulatedtofacilitateclinicalgoals.

Paradoxically,insuchapproaches,whatoriginatedinadesiretopromoterespectforindividualdifferencesmayinsteadpromotestereotypingandessentializing.Thisprocessofreifyingpresumeddifferencemayhavetheunintendedconsequenceofbolsteringasenseofgroupboundaries.Itmayalsoreinforcethebeliefthatculturecanbediagnosedandtreated,thatexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsofmembersofalreadydisempoweredsubgroupsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.

1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?

2.Cultureisnotanidentitybecauseculture（）.

3.Emphasizingculturaldifferencestoomuchwould（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewpoint?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.

B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.

C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.

D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.doesdeterminebehavior

B.doesnotprovidepossibleactions

C.canpredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividuals

D.isoptionalandeverchangingwithinthedynamiccontext

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpgraspthemostimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture

B.treatcultureasacontextualizedsetoftraits

C.respectthetraditionsofimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminorities

D.leadtoregardingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefs

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Culturecanbeunderstoodnotasasetofdiscretetraitsbutasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.

B.Culturecanbetreatedasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.

C.Culturecanberepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulated.

D.Culturecanbediagnosedandtreatedandtheexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?1.根據(jù)這篇文章，哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？

A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.A.對(duì)文化的定義通常是困難的、多樣的和模棱兩可的。

B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.B.到目前為止，對(duì)文化還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的定義。

C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.C.文化的不同定義是沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)的。

D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.D.大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜和動(dòng)態(tài)的。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三句“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)……（Mostdefinitionsofcultureemph