六級(jí)-翻譯-改革后復(fù)習(xí)資料

譯文：總結(jié)一年來的工作，我們清醒地看到，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中還存在不少問題和困難。Inreviewingourworkofthepastyear,weclearlyseethatmanyproblemsanddifficultiesremaininoureconomicandsocialdevelopment.總結(jié)用review，在這里用了現(xiàn)在分詞形式，不失為一種簡(jiǎn)單而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻譯中，英文和漢語語序整體大相反，注意“經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展”的表達(dá)方式：ineconomicandsocialdevelopment.必須堅(jiān)持把人民群眾利益放在第一位。Wemustalwaysputtheinterestsofthepeoplefirst.這句話翻譯起來比較簡(jiǎn)單，注意“把......放在第一位”put...first。要切實(shí)維護(hù)人民群眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化權(quán)益，著力解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的突出問題，保障城鄉(xiāng)困難群眾的基本生活。Wemusttrulyprotectthepeople’seconomic,politicalandculturalrightsandinterests,payparticularattentiontosolvingacuteproblemsaffectingtheirvitalinterests,andensurethatpoorurbanandruralresidentshavethebasicnecessitiesoflife.翻譯整段，必然會(huì)有個(gè)別長(zhǎng)句，這就需要我們把握整體結(jié)構(gòu)，表明大意即可。這段話是很正式的會(huì)議截取，所以咱們翻譯時(shí)很多詞組或者句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是有據(jù)可循的。比如這句“著力解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的突出問題”，翻譯的時(shí)候，沒有完全按照漢語語序，而是把“關(guān)系群眾切身利益”翻譯為現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語結(jié)構(gòu)affectingtheirvitalinterests。注意固定詞組與句式：維護(hù)人民群眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化權(quán)益protectthepeople’seconomic,politicalandculturalrightsandinterests著力解決......payparticularattentiontosolving(記住，payattentiontodoing/sth這個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu))不斷滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需要，是社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的根本目的。Thefundamentalgoalofoursocialistmodernizationdriveistocontinuallymeetthegrowingmaterialandculturalneedsofthepeople.這句話翻譯出來，也是將漢語語序顛倒后進(jìn)行的翻譯。用了todo不定式做表語。這句話大家可以完全背誦下來。只有執(zhí)政為民，我們的各項(xiàng)事業(yè)才能獲得最廣泛最可靠的群眾基礎(chǔ)和力量源泉。Onlyifweexercisepowerforthegoodofthepeoplecanweenjoythebroadestandmostreliablesupportfromthepeopleanddrawfromthemthestrengthforaccomplishingallourundertakings.只有......才......這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)需要用到英文結(jié)構(gòu)onlyif。后半句漢語很復(fù)雜，所以英語翻譯時(shí)，用了兩個(gè)and連接的分句，來更清楚正確地表達(dá)漢語的意思。注意固定詞組與句式：執(zhí)政為民exercisepowerforthegoodofthepeople我們的各項(xiàng)事業(yè)allourundertakings時(shí)政要聞翻譯詞匯與短語theimplicationsofsocialharmonyorthecharacteristicsofharmonioussociety和諧社會(huì)的內(nèi)涵scientificoutlookondevelopment科學(xué)發(fā)展觀harmonyforallwinners;harmoniousandwin-winscenario;all-winharmony和諧共贏socialassistance(aid)system社會(huì)救助體系becomeincreasinglyprosperous日益昌盛maintainprolongedstability長(zhǎng)治久安enhancecomprehensive(overall)nationalstrengthandinternationalcompetitiveness增強(qiáng)綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)際竟?fàn)幜ringaboutdevelopmentandprosperity實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展繁榮cadreandpersonnelsystem干部人事制度urbansocialsecuritysystem城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系newthinkingonenergydevelopment新能源觀innovation-orientedcountry創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家fosterintegrationwiththeglobaleconomy促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化theParty'spolicytowardethnicminorities黨的民族政策Partyandgovernmentorgans黨政機(jī)關(guān)systemofpublicservants公務(wù)員制度democraticcentralism,inner-Partydemocracy民主集中制、黨內(nèi)民主theruleoflawandtheruleofvirtue依法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)productiveforce,relationofproduction生產(chǎn)力、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊complicatedsocialphenomenon復(fù)雜的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement責(zé)任感/成就感senseofcompetitionandcooperation競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作精神Taketheessenceanddiscardthedregs取其精髓，取其糟粕anirresistibletrendof……必然趨勢(shì)unshakableduty不可推卸的義務(wù)comprehensivequality綜合素質(zhì)Thetheoryontheinitialstageofsocialism社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的理論Macroeconomicdecision宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)決策M(jìn)icroeconomicphenomenon微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象31.Curbinflation抑制通貨膨脹32.non-profitculturalundertakings公益性文化事業(yè)33.regulationofincomedistribution收入分配調(diào)節(jié)34.aconservation-mindedsociety資源節(jié)約型社會(huì)35.supportingmeasures配套措施36.carryouttheprocessofurbanization推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化37.Economicrecovery經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇38.Diversifiedeconomy多種經(jīng)濟(jì)，多樣化經(jīng)濟(jì)39.Socialistsectorofeconomy社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)成分40.Transactionofpropertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)交易41.primary-levelorganizations基層組織42.preventionandtreatmentwork預(yù)防救治工作43.landandresourcesadministration國(guó)土資源管理44.post-disasterreconstruction災(zāi)后重建45.ruralcreditcooperatives農(nóng)村信用社46.non-profitculturalundertakings公益性文化事業(yè)47.tocallfortheestablishmentofajustandequitableneworder倡導(dǎo)公正、合理的新秩序觀48.toensuresocialequityandjustice實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平與正義49.Reformofpersonnelsystem人事制度改革50.Specialadministrativeregion特別行政區(qū)51.Specialeconomiczonesincoastalareas沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)52.State-ownedeconomy國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)53.Economicsanction經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁54.Nationaleconomicbudget國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)算55.Reformofmanagementofstate-ownedproperty國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理體制改革56.theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果57.besupportedbysoundreasons有充分的理由支持58.widenone'shorizon/broadenone'svision開闊眼界59.fosternewthinkingonsecurityfeaturingmutualtrust,mutualbenefit,equalityandcoordination推動(dòng)樹立以互信、互利、平等和協(xié)作為主要內(nèi)容的新安全觀60.Onefocus,twobasicpoints一個(gè)中心，兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)61.Macrocontrolandmicroinvigoration宏觀控制與微觀搞活62.theincreasinglyfiercesocialcompetition日益激烈的社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)63.lackofcredibility誠(chéng)信缺失64.developmentforthepeople,bythepeopleandthebenefitofallthepeople發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享65.Administrativeinterference/Administrativeintervention行政干預(yù)66.Demand-pullinflation需求拉動(dòng)的通貨膨脹67.Gallopinginflation惡性通貨膨脹68.patrioticsanitationcampaign愛國(guó)衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng)69.systemforlandexpropriationandrequisition土地征收征用制度70.proprietaryintellectualpropertyrights自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)71.optimizetheeducationstructure優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)72.anappropriateamountoffine-tuning適度微調(diào)73.non-governmentfundededucation民辦教育74.competence-orientededucation素質(zhì)教育75.overheatedeconomy過熱的經(jīng)濟(jì)76.consumerpriceindex消費(fèi)品價(jià)格指數(shù)77.commoditypriceindex商品物價(jià)指數(shù)78.annualchecksoftheregistrationofpropertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)登記年檢79.enterprisesandenterprisesgroups企業(yè)集團(tuán)80.mergingofenterprisesandpromotere-employment促進(jìn)再就業(yè)81.enlargetherightofself-management擴(kuò)大自主權(quán)82.reliefsubsidies扶貧基金83.reformofruraltaxesandadministrativecharges農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革84.fightunremittinglyagainstpornographicandillegalpublications堅(jiān)持不懈地進(jìn)行"掃黃""打非"斗爭(zhēng)85.constructionofmajortransporttrunklinesandhubs重大交通運(yùn)輸干線與樞紐工程86.promoteall-round,balancedandsustainabledevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展87.medicalcaresystemandmedicalassistancesystem醫(yī)療制度和醫(yī)療合作制度88.fromanotherperspective從另一個(gè)角度89.acontroversialissue有爭(zhēng)議性的問題90.leadershipsystemagainstcorruption反腐敗領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制91.legalfunctions法定職能92.leapfrogdevelopment跨越式發(fā)展93.exercisedemocraticsupervision實(shí)行民主監(jiān)督94.NationalPeople’sCongress全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)95.ChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議96.bread-and-butterissue生計(jì)問題97.annualstatebudge年度國(guó)家預(yù)算98.encouragediversity提倡多樣化99.improvethequalityoflegislation提高立法質(zhì)量100.disadvantagedgroups弱勢(shì)群體101.grossnationalproduct(GNP)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值102.per-capitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值103.gatherlargenumbersoftalentedpeople廣納群賢104.rationalflowoftrainedpeople人才合理流動(dòng)105.asystemofpublichearings社會(huì)聽證制度106.culturalrestructuring文化體制改革107.actincompliancewithobjectiveandscientificlaws按照客觀規(guī)律和科學(xué)規(guī)律辦事108.addressboththesymptomsandrootcauses標(biāo)本兼治109.participationinanddeliberationofstateaffairs參政議政110.basiccodeofconduct基本行為準(zhǔn)則111.systemofpublicservants公務(wù)員制度112.innovationineducation教育創(chuàng)新113.devotegreatereffortstotacklingrootcauses加大治本的力度114.anewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorderthatisfairandrational公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序115.holdnegotiationsonpeacefulreunification進(jìn)行和平統(tǒng)一談判116.democraticsupervision民主監(jiān)督翻譯技巧之一-詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換不僅是重要的譯詞手段，也是常用的句法轉(zhuǎn)換變通手段，是一種常用的翻譯技巧。說白了，就是在必要的時(shí)候，將原文中的某個(gè)詞的詞性在譯文里用其他詞性表達(dá)出來。這種轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)使譯文更加靈活變通，不必拘泥于原文形式，卻能更準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)出原文內(nèi)涵。本部分內(nèi)容主要從漢譯英入手。從四個(gè)方面加以說明。1)漢語動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換漢語動(dòng)詞的使用頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于英語。這是因?yàn)榘凑沼⒄Z句法，受主謂關(guān)系的限制，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句或分句大多只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。而且，英語還可以通過謂語動(dòng)詞以外各種詞性的詞來體現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞意義。因此將漢語句子里的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語里其他詞性的詞是翻譯中的常用技巧之一。例1這本書反映了30年代的中國(guó)社會(huì)。譯文:ThebookisareflectionofChinesesocietyinthe1930s.(將漢語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語名詞)例2他們不滿足于現(xiàn)有的成就。譯文:Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.(將漢語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語形容詞)例3我想男孩與女孩的思維方式不同。譯文:Isupposeboysthinkdifferentlyfromgirls.(將漢語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語副詞)例4你贊成還是反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃?譯文:Areyoufororagainsttheplan?(將漢語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為英語介詞)2.漢語名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換英語中有很多由名詞派生的動(dòng)詞，以及由名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的副詞，形容詞等。在漢譯英時(shí)，漢語中的名詞常?？梢援a(chǎn)生一些轉(zhuǎn)換，從而更簡(jiǎn)潔有力地表達(dá)原文。例6鋼的含炭量越高，強(qiáng)度和硬度就越大。譯文:Themorecarbonthesteelcontains,theharderandstrongeritis.(漢語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語形容詞表示特征和性質(zhì))例7這就是你不對(duì)的地方。譯文:Thisiswhereyouarewrong.(漢語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語副詞)例8我的體重比過去輕了。譯文:IweighlessthanIusedto.(漢語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語動(dòng)詞)3.漢語形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換在漢譯英時(shí)，漢語的形容詞往往可以譯成英語中的名詞或副詞。這些名詞或副詞通常具有抽象意義，而且往往由某些形容詞派生而來。例9我們感到，解決這個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題是困難的。譯文:Wefounddifficultyinsolvingthiscomplicatedproblem.(漢語形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語名詞)例10有時(shí)候我們不得不為錯(cuò)誤付出昂貴的代價(jià)。譯文:Sometimeswehavetopaydearlyformistakes.(漢語形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為英語副詞)4.漢語副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換有時(shí)出于修辭和句法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，往往把漢語中的副詞用英語其他詞性的詞來表達(dá)，這也是翻譯中的一個(gè)常用技巧。例11獨(dú)立思考對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是絕對(duì)必需的。譯文:Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy