閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破 推理判斷題學(xué)案-高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破——推理判斷題Class:NO.Name:解題指導(dǎo)根據(jù)考試說(shuō)明，高考閱讀理解能力包含作出判斷和推理的能力。這類(lèi)題目要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、某個(gè)段落或者全文所提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到的或者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。旨在考查考生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。 通過(guò)尋讀，迅速在文章中找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。不但要理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義，而且要由表及里、由淺入深地分析。以文中提供的信息為依據(jù)，結(jié)合常識(shí)，作出符合邏輯的推斷。注意：①任何推斷都必須要以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。②切忌選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足已知推斷未知。③避免推理過(guò)頭，引申過(guò)度。2020全國(guó)Ⅱ卷C，332詞，難度★★★Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時(shí)裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.“It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.()1.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.()2.

Whyarescientistsconcerned

about

nutria?A.

Nutria

damage

the

ecosystem

seriously.B.Nutria

are

an

endangered

species.C.Nutriahurt

local

cat-sized

animals.D.Nutria

are

illegallyhunted.()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inParagraph5probably

mean?A.

Boomed.B.

Became

mature.C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.()4.

What

can

we

infer

about

wearing

fur

in

New

York

according

to

Morgan?A.

It’s

formal. B.

It’s

risky. C.

It’s

harmful. D.

It’s

traditional.答案：A【從第二段可知答案】通過(guò)這兩個(gè)地名，我們把答案定位到第二段。第一段是背景信息，大意是一些人希望重新振興海貍鼠皮草市場(chǎng)。A.為了推廣guilt-free皮草。-free作為合成詞的一部分，意思是“沒(méi)有……的”“免除……的”，比如duty-free免稅的，carefree無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的。guilt-free就是“不內(nèi)疚的”，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物皮草涉及到虐待動(dòng)物，所以guilt-freefur就是穿上也無(wú)需內(nèi)疚的皮草。故選A。答案：A【從第三段第一句可知答案】信息對(duì)應(yīng)：scientistsinLousianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail。這是一個(gè)so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，這句話(huà)只是說(shuō)到了他們很concerned，以及concerned的結(jié)果，并沒(méi)有提到原因，所以原因在前面。上一段中提到thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear（海貍鼠每年都破壞大量的濕地），這句話(huà)是用來(lái)解釋為什么說(shuō)穿上皮草也無(wú)需再內(nèi)疚，同時(shí)也是科學(xué)家決定付錢(qián)給海貍鼠捕獵者的原因。所以答案是A。答案：D【解析】在幾十年的時(shí)間里，皮草交易控制住了海貍鼠的數(shù)量。后面出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折but，但是，當(dāng)海貍鼠市場(chǎng)在20世紀(jì)80年代collapse之后，海貍鼠就一直在瘋狂繁殖。Thecat-sizedanimals指的就是海貍鼠；multiplyvi.繁殖（最常用的意思是倍增；相乘）。所以結(jié)合句意，我們也能夠判斷出來(lái)這句話(huà)是在說(shuō)海貍鼠市場(chǎng)變得不景氣。答案：B【從最后一段第二句可知答案】題干中專(zhuān)有名詞（人名Morgan，地名NewYork）比較多，所以這道題比較容易定位?？匆幌翸organ的這句話(huà)：Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.這是他對(duì)未來(lái)的一個(gè)猜想（that’sgoingtobe），意思是說(shuō)給人們一個(gè)選擇，穿這種皮草無(wú)需感到內(nèi)疚，也不會(huì)有人往你的身上潑油漆——這是一個(gè)巨大的工程（amassivething）。所以，可推斷現(xiàn)狀是：在紐約穿皮草可能會(huì)被潑油漆。因此確定答案是B。練習(xí)ToddBol,aretiredbusinessman,couldneverhaveexpectedthatawoodencontainerhebuiltinhisfrontyardonedaywouldhavetheglobalimpactitdoestoday.Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructurethatlookedlikeaschoolhouseonapostandheputitinhisyardasafreecommunitylibrarytorememberhismother,whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.Bol’sprototypegavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL),anonprofitorganizationthatseekstoplacesmall,accessiblebookexchangeboxesinneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple:neighborsareinvitedtoshareabook,leaveabook,orboth.Today,thereareover50,000oftheselibrariesregisteredin70countries.AlmosteveryonecanregisterwithLFLandstartalibraryaslongasthepersonkeepsitingoodshapeandmakessurethatbookmaterialsareappropriateforhis/herneighborhood.Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes;therefore,thelibrariesareusuallyuniqueinappearance,andthereseemstobenolimittothepossibilities.OnelibraryinCaliforniawasbuiltoutofausedwinecontainer;anotherinTexashadtinystairsandbright-coloredwalls.Onceregistered,librariesareassignedanumberatLFL’swebsite.TheLFLIndexliststhelocationsofalllibrarieswithGPScoordinates(坐標(biāo))andotherinformation.Ownersreceiveasignsaying“LittleFreeLibrary”.PeoplesaytheyhavebeenattractedtopickupabookwhenwalkingbyaLittleFreeLibrary,outofcuriosityandbecauseofitsconvenience.Somesidewalk(街頭的)librarianssaytheyhavemetmoreneighborssincehavingalittlelibraryintheirfrontyard.BolisalsomostproudofthewayLittleFreeLibraryisbringingcommunitiestogether.“It’sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeopletalkingandmorecomfortablewiththeirneighbors,”hesays.“Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prototype”inParagraph2referto?A.Acommunitycenter.B.Adollhouseonapost.C.Abookexchangebox. D.Anonprofitorganization.()2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoperationofaLittleFreeLibrary?A.Thereisnolimittotheselectionofbooks.B.Thelibrarycancomeinanyshapeandcolor.C.Thelibraryneedstohiremanyprofessionallibrarians.D.TheownerwillnotbeassignedanumberfromtheLFLwebsite.()3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLittleFreeLibrary?A.IthelpsimproveGPSfunctions. B.Ithelpsrestorehumanconnections.C.Itconnectslibrariesaroundtheworld. D.Itmakesreadingaccessibletothepoor.()4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LFL:ABoostertoSharedReadingB.LFL:TheBestPlacetoMeetNeighborsC.ToddBol:ASuccessfulBookBusinessmanD.Reading:AnApproachtoImprovingYourself【翻譯練習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面句子，并將其翻譯成中文。1.[P2]Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructure…whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.[P3]Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes…nolimittothepossibilities.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.[P4]Bolisalsomostproud…bringingcommunitiestogether.“It’sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeople…withtheirneighbors,”hesays.“Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.[P2]Bol’sprototypegavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL)…inneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple…leaveabook,orboth.Today,thereareover…registeredin70countries.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面英文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.global/?ɡl??bl/adj.____________________2.impact/??mp?kt/n.____________________3.structure/?str?kt??/n.__________________4.schoolhouse/?sku?lha?s/n._____________5.lover/?l?v?/n.________________________6.seek/si?k/v.__________________________7.accessible/?k?ses?bl/adj._______________8.exchange/?ks?t?e?nd?/n._______________9.concept/?k?nsept/n.____________________10.register/?red??st?/v.___________________11.material/m??t??ri?l/n.__________________12.appropriate/??pr??pri?t/adj.____________13.unique/ju?ni?k/adj.____________________14.assign/??sa?n/v._______________________15.curiosity/?kj