高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)考點(diǎn)43完形填空議論文 (含解析)

考點(diǎn)43完形填空議論文高考頻度：★★☆☆☆議論文是一種通過(guò)剖析事物或論述事理來(lái)提出主張或發(fā)表見(jiàn)解的文體。議論文分為兩種，一種是夾敘夾議型，另一種是純議論型。議論文是一種剖析事理、論述事物、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解或提出主張的說(shuō)理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀地解釋事物，還力圖說(shuō)服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種體裁，它一般由三個(gè)要素組成：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。做好這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵在于要抓住作者的論點(diǎn)。議論文中對(duì)于論點(diǎn)的提出通常有三種形式：1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，直接提出論點(diǎn)在有些議論文中作者開(kāi)頭就提出論點(diǎn)，通過(guò)論證，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一個(gè)話(huà)題供大家討論。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種形式的議論文作者態(tài)度明確，我們也能很容易地把握作者對(duì)某一件事的看法。2.導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)在有些議論文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象的論述來(lái)贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)某一事物，進(jìn)而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后再用具體的論據(jù)去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。3.水到渠成式得出結(jié)論在有些議論文中作者開(kāi)頭只是列舉一系列生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不是表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后自然得出結(jié)論，而此結(jié)論就是文章的論點(diǎn)。議論文形式的完形填空不像記敘文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我們對(duì)整個(gè)文章的把握相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)也難得多。解答這類(lèi)題要遵循下列原則：1.從首尾句入手，抓住中心議論文的寫(xiě)作思路一般為：提出問(wèn)題→分析問(wèn)題→解決問(wèn)題。因此，文章的第一、二句話(huà)通常為文章的主題句，而文章的結(jié)尾句常為文章的結(jié)論。由此可見(jiàn)，我們必須充分利用文章的首尾句，推測(cè)出文章的中心，從而理解全文。2.緊扣信息詞，把握作者觀點(diǎn)考生要弄清文章的行文邏輯，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系等。有時(shí)文章的第一、二段并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，而是對(duì)某個(gè)事物的介紹或描述，然后用信息詞，如but，however，yet等將自己的觀點(diǎn)引出，因此，閱讀時(shí)一定要特別留意這些信息詞。3.從語(yǔ)境入手，確定邏輯關(guān)系句與句之間總要反映出因果、假設(shè)、條件、類(lèi)推等邏輯關(guān)系。這些邏輯關(guān)系常常通過(guò)ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,asaresult,asaconsequence,onthecontrary,aboveall,firstofall,secondly,finally,incase等單詞或短語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)。但有時(shí)作者并不使用這些單詞或短語(yǔ)，而是將邏輯關(guān)系暗含于文章中，這就需要考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定邏輯關(guān)系。4.理清文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論如果我們連論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論都沒(méi)把握住的話(huà)，只能是漫無(wú)目的地選擇答案了。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，能說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)的答案可以在論據(jù)里得到印證，且作為論點(diǎn)的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，使論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相輔相承，從而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾，論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)相悖，最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)自相矛盾，那就說(shuō)明我們對(duì)文章的把握缺乏條理性和系統(tǒng)性，我們就需重新來(lái)理順文章的各部分，直到條理清楚為止，然后再根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的把握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。Childrenandyoungpeopletendtohavecertainrolemodels–peopletheywanttobelikewhentheygrow

1.Though

2childrenwouldhavewishedtocopytheirmother,fatherora(n)

3

relative,graduallytheserolemodelsarethoughtofasfamouspeopleorpopular

4.Peoplehavedifferentopinionsabout

5popularstarsorotherfamouspeoplearegoodrolemodelsforchildren.Charmingmodels,suchasKatiePrice,areoftenadmiredand

6byyounggirls.Thisisthebiggestworryofparentsandteachers.Theywishto

7

theconceptthatsuccessisachievedthroughhardworkand

8

ratherthananattractivelooking.Mostpeopletendtogrowuptobethosewhoare

9

home–theirparentsorfamilyfriends.Somedecidetobeliketheirfavoriteteacher.Achildwholovesto

10

maywanttogrowtobethenextPicassoorVanGogh;Someonewholovesto

11mightimaginethemselvesasafamouswriter;ifachildenjoysdancing,heorshe

12

welladmireafamousdancer,butthisisnotthe

13.Alotofdancestudentswishtobeliketheir

14

teacher.Therefore,thejobofateacheris

15

justprovidingknowledgeofagivensubject.Theyshouldbeableto

16

theirstudents’trustand

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themwell.Helpingyoungsterstolearnfrommodels,tolearnhowtoaccept

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withgraceandlosingwithdignity,iscentraltoanyparent’sorteacher’sjob.Mannersareveryimportantandadanceteachercan

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hisorherpositionandinfluenceto

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goodbehaviorstoyoungsters.1.A.younger B.stronger C.older D.taller2.A.atfirst B.atlast C.atleast D.atmost3.A.generous B.humorous C.ordinary D.favorite4.A.fans B.singers C.stars D.dancers5.A.that B.whether C.why D.if6.A.caughtupwith B.lookeddownupon C.thoughthighlyof D.madefunof7.A.hold B.encourage C.receive D.ignore8.A.luck B.effort C.imagination D.creativity9.A.similarto B.farfrom C.closeto D.differentfrom10.A.readandwrite B.singanddance C.drawandpaint D.listenandspeak11.A.dance B.think C.sing D.read12.A.may B.should C.must D.need13.A.case B.trouble C.matter D.deal14.A.art B.music C.piano D.dance15.A.betterthan B.morethan C.ratherthan D.lessthan16.A.accept B.lose C.receive D.gain17.A.negotiatewith B.communicatewith C.keepupwith D.putupwith18.A.challenging B.failing C.winning D.falling19.A.takechargeof B.losecontrolof C.getridof D.makeuseof20.A.introduce B.press C.turn D.push【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。很多青少年都將名人或明星作為自己的偶像。人們對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象持不同觀點(diǎn)。作者認(rèn)為，作為教師或家長(zhǎng)，他們的中心任務(wù)就是要引導(dǎo)青少年正確的向偶像學(xué)習(xí)，以正確的態(tài)度對(duì)待成功和失敗。1.C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。young年輕的；strong強(qiáng)壯的，結(jié)實(shí)的；old老的；tall高的。由語(yǔ)境可知，孩子和年輕人都有自己的偶像。他們長(zhǎng)大之后想成為像自己偶像那樣的人。故C選項(xiàng)切題。2.A【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。atfirst起初；atlast最后；atleast至少；atmost至多。由后文的＂gradually＂可知，起初，孩子們會(huì)把自己的父母或親戚作為自己的偶像。故A選項(xiàng)正確。3.D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。generous慷慨的；humorous幽默的；ordinary普通的；favorite最喜歡的。由語(yǔ)境可知，孩子把親戚作為自己的偶像，由此可以推知，這個(gè)親戚肯定是他最喜歡的。故D選項(xiàng)切題。4.C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fan迷；singer歌手；star明星，星星；dancer跳舞者，舞蹈演員。由語(yǔ)境可知，逐漸地，孩子的偶像就會(huì)變成名人或明星。故C選項(xiàng)切題。下文第一句中亦有提示。5.B【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。由語(yǔ)境可知，人們對(duì)于以名人或明星作為偶像是否對(duì)孩子們好持不同觀點(diǎn)。故B選項(xiàng)切題。6.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。catchupwith趕上；lookdownupon看不起；thinkhighlyof高度贊揚(yáng)；makefunof取笑。該空和前面的admire并列，年輕的女孩子們對(duì)KatiePrice評(píng)價(jià)很高，經(jīng)常贊美她，以她為偶像。故C選項(xiàng)切題。7.B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。hold拿，握；encourage鼓勵(lì)；receive收到；ignore忽略。由語(yǔ)境可知，父母希望鼓勵(lì)這樣一個(gè)觀念：成功是通過(guò)努力獲得的而不是通過(guò)迷人的外表獲得的。故B選項(xiàng)切題。8.B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。luck運(yùn)氣；effort努力；imagination想象力；creativity創(chuàng)造力。該空和前面的hardwork并列，故B選項(xiàng)切題。成功是通過(guò)努力獲得的。B選項(xiàng)切題。9.C【解析】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。similarto與……相似；farfrom遠(yuǎn)離……；closeto離……近；differentfrom和……不同。由后文的theirparentsorfamilyfriends可知，大部分人長(zhǎng)大之后往往成為和自己離得近的人。故C選項(xiàng)切題。10.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。readandwrite讀寫(xiě)；singanddance唱歌跳舞；drawandpaint畫(huà)畫(huà)和繪畫(huà)；listenandspeak聽(tīng)和寫(xiě)。PicassoorVanGogh都是畫(huà)家的名字，故可知，喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)的孩子希望成為下一個(gè)畢加索或梵高。C選項(xiàng)切題。11.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。dance跳舞；think想，認(rèn)為；sing唱；read讀。由后文的＂writer＂可知，喜歡閱讀的人希望自己成為一名作家。故D選項(xiàng)切題。12.A【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。may可能，可以；should應(yīng)該；must必須；need需要，必要。maywell意為＂很可能＂。一個(gè)喜歡跳舞的人很可能想成為一名著名的舞蹈家。故A選項(xiàng)切題。13.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。case情況，案例，病例；trouble麻煩；matter事情，問(wèn)題，物質(zhì)；deal協(xié)定，交易，大量。由語(yǔ)境可知，情況并非總是如此。A選項(xiàng)切題。14.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。art藝術(shù)；music音樂(lè)；piano鋼琴；dance舞蹈。很多學(xué)舞蹈的學(xué)生希望成為像他們舞蹈老師那樣的人。故D選項(xiàng)切題。15.B【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。betterthan比……好；morethan超過(guò)，比……多；ratherthan而不是；lessthan比……少。由語(yǔ)境可知，老師的工作不僅僅只是向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)。B選項(xiàng)切題。16.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accept接受；lose失去；receive收到；gain獲得。由語(yǔ)境可知，老師應(yīng)該能夠獲得學(xué)生的信任。故D選項(xiàng)切題。17.B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。negotiatewith和……談判，協(xié)商；communicatewith和……交流；keepupwith跟上；putupwith容忍，忍受。由語(yǔ)境可知，老師應(yīng)該獲得學(xué)生的信任并且和學(xué)生進(jìn)行良好的交流。故B選項(xiàng)切題。18.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。challenge挑戰(zhàn)；fail失??；win獲勝；fall落下，摔倒。由語(yǔ)境可知，教師或者父母的中心職責(zé)就是要幫助青少年像偶像學(xué)習(xí)，教給他們?nèi)绾蝺?yōu)雅地接受勝利，如何在失敗的時(shí)候保持尊嚴(yán)。win和后文的lose對(duì)應(yīng)。故C選項(xiàng)切題。19.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)，管理；losecontrolof失去對(duì)……的控制；getridof擺脫，除去；makeuseof利用。由語(yǔ)境可知，舞蹈老師可以利用自己的職位和影響將好的行為介紹給青少年。故D選項(xiàng)切題。20.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。introduce介紹，引入；press按，壓；turn翻轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；push推，逼迫。結(jié)合上一題解析可知，A選項(xiàng)切題。題組一（高考真題）Cloze1(2015·福建卷) Oneoftheeasiestthingsintheworldistobecomeafault-finder.However,lifecanbe1whenyouarenotbusyfindingfaultwithit. SeveralyearsagoI2aletterfromseventeen-year-oldKerry,whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder,almostalways3bythings.Peoplewerealwaysdoingthingsthatannoyedher,and4wasevergoodenough.Shewashighlyself-criticalandalsofoundfaultwithherfriends.Shebecameareally5person. Unfortunately,ittookahorribleaccidenttochangeher6.Herbestfriendwasseriouslyhurtinacarcrash.Whatmadeitalmost7todealwithwasthatthedaybeforethe8,Kerryhadvisitedherfriendandhadspentthewholetimecriticizingher9ofboyfriends,thewayshewasliving,thewaysherelatedtohermother,andvariousotherthingsshefeltsheneededto10.Itwasn’tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecame11herhabitoffindingfault.Veryquickly,shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthanto12everythingsoharshly(刻薄).Shewasabletotransferhernewwisdomtootherpartsofher13aswell. Perhapsmostofusaren’tasextremeatfault-finding,14whenwe’rehonest,wecanbesharply15oftheworld.I’mnotsuggestingyou16problems,orthatyoupretendthingsare17thantheyare,butsimplythatyoulearntoallowthingstobeastheyare—18mostofthetime,andespeciallywhenit’snotareallybig19. Trainyourselfto＂biteyourtongue＂,andwithalittle20,you’llgetreallygoodatlettingthingsgo.Andwhenyoudo,you’llgetbackyourenthusiasmandloveforlife.1.A.lonely B.great C.quiet D.uneasy2.A.received B.answered C.expected D.rejected3.A.threatened B.interrupted C.bothered D.spoiled4.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing5.A.caring B.boring C.interesting D.surprising6.A.attitude B.plan C.measure D.explanation7.A.urgent B.unnecessary C.certain D.impossible8.A.occasion B.event C.accident D.adventure9.A.memory B.notice C.evidence D.choice10.A.hear B.contribute C.express D.admit11.A.awareof B.afraidof C.curiousabout D.confusedabout12.A.discuss B.realize C.judge D.settle13.A.family B.life C.career D.education14.A.so B.or C.but D.for15.A.proud B.sure C.hopeful D.critical16.A.face B.create C.solve D.ignore17.A.rarer B.better C.stranger D.worse18.A.atleast B.atlast C.byfar D.sofar19.A.task B.deal C.result D.duty20.A.practice B.speech C.rest D.pityCloze2(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常規(guī))basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis1atworkinpeopleofall2.Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout3withtheirnewtoys.Buttheir4soonwearsoffandbyJanuarythose5toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.Theworldisfullof6stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone’s7interest.Whenparentsbringhomeapet,theirchild8bathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashorttime,however,the9ofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertotheparents.Adolescentsenterhighschoolwithgreat10butaresoonlookingforwardto11.Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege.Andthen,howmany12,whonowcomplain(抱怨)aboutthelongdrivestowork,13droveforhoursatatimewhentheyfirst14theirdriver’slicenses(執(zhí)照)?Beforepeopleretire,theyusually15todoalotof16things,whichtheyneverhad17todowhileworking.But18afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey19.And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew20.1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive6.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main8.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly9.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game10.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement11.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success12.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees13.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely14.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered15.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan16.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct17.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge18.A.only B.well C.even D.soon19.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit20.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues題組二（2020年名校模擬題）Close1（2020·上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校月考）LawmakersinNewJerseyrecentlyadvancedabillthatwouldbanbusinessesfromgoingcashless—amovethatwouldputthestateatoddswiththeglobaltrendtowardelectronicpaymentsbutwould1resistancefromlocalofficialswhoseeno-cashpoliciesasunfair.Almost1of3Americansin2018saytheydon'tusecashduringatypicalweekofpurchases,accordingtothePewstudyreleasedthisweek.ThefindingsreveallifethatAmericansarebecominglessreliantonpapercurrency,mirroring2inSweden,IndiaandChina.Butstateandlocalofficialssaythatrestaurantsandshopsdothatadoptcashlesspolicieshaveleftsomemembersofthecommunitybehind—individualswithoutthe3toopenabankaccountorwholackaccesstolinesofcreditorthemobileappsthatpowerdigitalpayments.TheNewJerseymeasure,whichwouldapplyonlytoface-to-facesalesandwould4internetandphonepurchases,comesasofficialspush5effortstobarno-cashrulesinNewYorkandPhiladelphia.6cashlesspoliciesofferconsumersthepromiseofconvenienceandprovidebusinessesgreaterprotectionagainsttheft,theyalsocanexcludelow-incomeconsumersorundocumentedimmigrants,criticssay."Cash-freebusinessesarediscriminatorybydesignandpose7tolow-incomecommunitiesthatmaynothaveaccesstocreditordebit,"NewYorkCouncilmemberTorressaidonTwitterwhenheintroducedabillthatwouldbanthepractice.AccordingtothePewstudy,thedeclineintheuseof8currencyisunevenamongthepopulationwhenrace,ageandincomeareaccountedfor.Pewfoundasignificant9incashlessadoptiontiedtoannualhouseholdincome,withadultsmakingatleast$75,000morethantwiceaslikelytomakealltheirpurchaseswithoutusingcashinatypicalweek,10withpeoplewhomakelessthan$30,000.ThePewfindingssuggestthatthe11ofgoingcashlessmaycomewithacostthatonlysomegroupsofpeoplewillbear.Americanswithlowerincomesareroughlyfourtimesaslikelythanhigherearnerstomakealmostalloftheirpurchaseswithcash,accordingtothestudy.Ashasbeennoted,businessleadershave12cashlesspoliciesbypointingtohighersecurityand13customerserviceandefficiency.Someadvocateshavefocusedonprovidingpeoplewhoareunderservedbythe14bankingsystemwithmoreaffordableoptions,attackingtherootcausebehindthe15ofcashlesspayments.1．A．setup B．putup C．backup D．stepup2．A．deposits B．exchanges C．shifts D．currencies3．A．ideas B．means C．directions D．outlets4．A．a(chǎn)ttract B．exclude C．a(chǎn)dvance D．include5．A．opposite B．a(chǎn)ssociated C．similar D．collective6．A．While B．Provided C．Because D．As7．A．discounts B．traps C．challenges D．risks8．A．electronic B．physical C．virtual D．circulating9．A．similarity B．expense C．gap D．consumption10．A．linked B．a(chǎn)ssociated C．combined D．compared11．A．outcomes B．effects C．benefits D．disadvantages12．A．a(chǎn)dopted B．defended C．developed D．criticized13．A．hindered B．a(chǎn)ccomplished C．improved D．desired14．A．traditional B．fading C．a(chǎn)ggressive D．unqualified15．A．transformations B．developments C．criticisms D．creationsClose2（2020·上海寶山·月考）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD．Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Asachild,whatdidyouwanttobewhenyougrewup?Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablyletyourimaginationrun16.Maybeyoudreamedofflyingintospaceorbeingafamouschef.Thenperhapsovertheyears,yourdreamsbecamemore17Oryoumighthavegivenuponsomealtogether.Ifthat’sthecase,thentoday’sthedayforyou.January13thisMakeYourDreamsComeTrueDay.Ifyou’vebeen18fulfillingyourdreams,thisisthedaytomakeafreshstart.It’simportanttodreambecausedreamscangiveusthe19tosucceedinlife.Dreamsinspireandmotivateus.Thegreatthingaboutdreamsisthatthere’sno20toaccomplishthemrightaway.Theymighttakeafewyearsortheymighttakealifetimeto21.Theimportantthingisthatyou’re22workingtowardyourdream.Andthebestwaytodothatisbysettinggoals.Whatisthe23betweenadreamandagoal?It’sbeensaidthatdreamsarethefinaldestination;goalsarethestopsalongtheway.Dreamscanbevery24.Butthestepsyoutaketoreachthemshouldbevery25.Yourdreamsstatewhatyouwant,butgoalsexplainhowyou’llgetthere.Thatmakesgoalsetinganecessarystepin26yourdreams.Manysuccessfulpeoplehavespokenaboutdreams.FormerU.S.SecretaryofStateColinPowellstressedthe27ofworkingforourdreams.“Adreamdoesn’tbecomerealitythroughmagic:ittakessweat,28andhardwork.“AuthorLesBrownremindedusthatdreamshaveno29limit.Youarenevertoooldtosetanothergoalortodreamanewdream.Ifyou’vebeendreamingaboutdoingsomethingforyears,starttoday.Writedownyodream,and30yourgoals.Thenyou’llbeonyourwaytomakingyourdreamscometrue.16．A．fast B．high C．well D．wild.17．A．colorful B．a(chǎn)mazing C．realistic D．a(chǎn)ttractive18．A．puttingoff B．takingoff C．gettingoff D．payingoff19．A．opportunity B．direction C．energy D．a(chǎn)ccess20．A．pressure B．doubt C．sense D．need21．A．seek B．a(chǎn)chieve C．explain D．design22．A．really B．a(chǎn)lmost C．a(chǎn)lways D．hardly23．A．concept B．similarity C．comparison D．difference24．A．unreal B．general C．changeable D．flexible25．A．specific B．a(chǎn)bstract C．common D．complicated26．A．imaging B．a(chǎn)voiding C．reaching D．believing27．A．process B．benefit C．consequence D．importance28．A．blood B．determination C．intelligence D．loyalty29．A．a(chǎn)ge B．extra C．space D．normal30．A．transfer B．convert C．establish D．devoteClose3（2020·上海市北虹高級(jí)中學(xué)月考）IsHelicopterParentingNecessary?We’veallheardthedangersofhelicopterparenting.Remainingtoo46inakid’slife,especiallythroughoutcollege,canleadtodepression,lackofself-relianceandfeelingsofentitlement.Superficially,thiswisdomissound.Butsomeacademicsandeducatorsnowsaytheyseesignsofatroublingbacklash(反沖).Theconcern:warningsthatmomsanddadsshould47“theoverparentingtrap”—arediscouragingparentsfromgettinginvolvedatall.Yes,parentscanbeintrusive.48,thereareincreasingexamplesofparentsrefusingtostepupwhenstudentsgenuinelyneedtheirfamily.Onemomkept49aboutherson’ssignsofdepressionuntilrightbeforehefailedasemester.Shedidnotwantto“helicopterin.”Thatmeanscolleges,whichhavespentthepastdecadelearningto50parentswhogettooinvolved,nowhaveadifferent51.Butthesolutiontobothisthesame:devisingwaystochannelmomsanddadsintotherightkindof52role.Muchofthisbeganbecauseschoolswereforcedtocopewithagenerationofstudents53withtheirparentslikeneverbefore,thankstosmartphones.Andwith54ineducationsoaring,universityleadershavestartedtoviewparentsasinvestmentpartners.Mostofthemhavepaidforthiseducationfortheirchildrenorgoneintodebtforthiseducation.Andinsomesense,they’reentitledtoknowandbeassuredthatcollegesare55theirchildren’swelfare.Crucially,parent-outreachprogramshavealsoservedasbuffers(緩沖),56students—orworse,theirprofessors—thediscomfortofthenagging.AttheUniversityofMaryland,forexample,theparentofficehashandled57forweeklyacademic-progressreports,whichdonotexistinhighereducation.Parentsjustwanttoknowtheyhaveaplacetogowheresomeonewilllistentotheirconcerns.Butnow,withsomemomsanddadscautiousofevencontactingtheschoolinthefirstplace,thosesameprogramsarebeingusedtoencourageamorebalancedapproach,oftenviablogs,emailandFacebook.Parentsarenowadvisedtobeaguide,whileacknowledgingthatthe58ownsthejourney.Thatmeansaskingquestions,listeningtoanswers,beingpatientandtrustingkidstoresolvetheirownproblems.Butifissues59,orifastudentisinseriousmentalorphysicaldanger,italsomeanshoppinginthechopper,atleastforalittlewhile.“Whenyouthinkaboutit,helicoptersareusefultools,”saysChelseaPetree,whoislaunchingaparent-outreachprogram.“Theycanseethingsweonthe60can’tseeandgettoemergenciesquickerthanwecan.Theycanswoopinwhenneeded.Thekeyisthattheygobackup.”46．A．independent B．involved C．a(chǎn)ttached D．enclosed47．A．set B．sense C．a(chǎn)void D．ensure48．A．Besides B．Similarly C．Actually D．However49．A．a(chǎn)lert B．quiet C．informed D．concerned50．A．copewith B．identifywith C．turndown D．settledown51．A．a(chǎn)ttitude B．problem C．a(chǎn)pproach D．nature52．A．supportive B．informative C．neutral D．superior53．A．communicated B．matched C．obsessed D．connected54．A．complaints B．costs C．demands D．sufferings55．A．takingcareof B．keepingtrackof C．lookingforwardto D．takingpartin56．A．costing B．winning C．granting D．sparing57．A．demands B．passion C．distraction D．priorities58．A．professor B．parent C．student D．college59．A．persist B．exist C．a(chǎn)rise D．decline60．A．surface B．ground C．panel D．craftClose4（2019·上海高三）GrowingAdoptionofGreenCleaningWhenwecleanthebathroom,we’vegotallkindsofstufftohelpusout:acleaningsolutionthatremovesdirtymarksfromtheshowerwallsandsomethinginasqueezebottlethatmakesthetoiletsparklingclean.Whenallisdone,theroomisneatandclean,61dirtandbacteria.There’sjustoneproblem—the62weusedtocleancanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.Forthisreason,manypeoplesaythattraditionalcleanersshouldbe63andreplacedwithlessharmful“green”products.Theproblem64thefactthatsomecleaningproductscontainharshchemicalsthatjustaren’thealthyforhumans,animals,ortheplanet.Thinkofthe65comingfromafactoryandgettingintotheair.Thesmokecreatesairpollution,whichharmstheenvironmentandmakesusfeelillwhenwebreatheitin.66,thechemicalsincleaningproductspollutetheairandcanhurtuswhenwebreathetheminorwhentheygetonourskin.However,notallcleaningproductsareharmful.Greenproducts,whichdonotcontainharshchemicals,aresaidtobegood67becausetheyareeffectiveatcleaningandaresafeforpeopleandfortheplanet.68aboutchemicalshasledmanystatestorequireschoolsandgovernmentbuildingstouseenvironmentallyfriendlycleaningproductsinsteadofproductscontainingpoisonouschemicals.Lastyear,10statesrequiredtheuseofgreenproductsandatleast5otherstateswereconsidering69insupportoftheseproducts.Aproposedbillwouldapplytobathroomandfloorcleaners,handsoap,toiletpaper,papertowels,andetc.Manygreencleaningproductsarewidelyavailableatprices70traditionalproducts.Insomecases,manufacturersreceivegreencertificationsforproductstheyhavelonghadonthemarket,andthepricesoftheseproductsremainlow.Butnoteveryonesharestheviewaboutthe71ofgreenproducts.Toiletpaper,trashbagsandpapertowelmadefromrecycledmaterialscancostupto20%morethantraditionalproducts,saidStephen,directoroftheGreenCleaningNetwork.So,72oftheproposedlegislationareconcernedaboutthepotentiallyhighercostsforsomegreenproducts.Thesecriticssaythatstatesshouldnotdeterminewhichproducts73institutesandagenciesmustbuy,especiallyiftheyincreasecosts,sincemanyuniversitiesarealreadystrugglingfinancially.Somestateshavemadecompromises(妥協(xié))tohelp74concernsaboutcosts.InWisconsin,arecentadjustmenttothebillwouldgiveschoolsandagenciesthreeyearsinsteadofonetobeginusinggreenproducts.Itwouldalso75themtoquitiftheycouldshowthattheircostswouldincrease.61．A．farfrom B．freeof C．nonebut D．filledwith62．A．brushes B．cloth C．solutions D．paper63．A．recycled B．renewed C．reserved D．rejected64．A．a(chǎn)ccountsfor B．resultsin C．stemsfrom D．turnsout65．A．smoke B．drains C．products D．spray66．A．Nevertheless B．Similarly C．Obviously D．Meanwhile67．A．a(chǎn)lternatives B．maintenance C．production D．resolutions68．A．Complaint B．Concern C．Investigation D．Knowledge69．A．campaign B．debate C．legislation D．vote70．A．higherthan B．cheaperthan C．similarto D．basedon71．A．a(chǎn)ffordability B．a(chǎn)vailability C．feasibility D．practicality72．A．supporters B．directors C．lawyers D．opponents73．A．a(chǎn)cademic B．industrial C．medical D．financial74．A．evaluate B．emphasize C．voice D．a(chǎn)ddress75．A．a(chǎn)dvise B．encourage C．a(chǎn)llow D．sponsor題組一Cloze1 【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章通過(guò)講述Kerry從一個(gè)吹毛求疵的人變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)學(xué)會(huì)感恩生活的人，告訴我們＂要管好你的嘴＂，尋回昔日對(duì)生活的熱情。1.B【解析】從下文內(nèi)容可知，本文作者不贊同人們老是挑毛病，所以用great表示當(dāng)你不忙于挑毛病時(shí)生活會(huì)很精彩。2.A【解析】receivealetterfromsb.＂收到某人的來(lái)信＂。3.C【解析】根據(jù)下文的＂Peoplewerealwaysdoingthingsthatannoyedher＂(人們做的事總是惹她生氣)可知，此處用bother表示＂使(某人)煩惱＂。4.D【解析】根據(jù)and前面的句子可知，此處表示＂沒(méi)有一件事情她覺(jué)得好＂，所以用nothing。5.B【解析】此處用boring表示＂令人厭煩的＂。6.A【解析】根據(jù)下文可知，這場(chǎng)意外改變了她的態(tài)度。attitude＂態(tài)度＂。7.D【解析】事故發(fā)生前一天Kerry拜訪(fǎng)了她的這個(gè)朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。據(jù)此可知，這使得事情幾乎無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)。8.C【解析】根據(jù)上文的＂ittookahorribleaccident＂可知，此處選C。9.D【解析】Kerry批評(píng)她的朋友對(duì)男朋友的選擇。choice＂選擇＂。10.C【解析】空處所在的句子是定語(yǔ)從句，variousotherthings是先行詞，關(guān)系詞that/which代替先行詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以用express＂表達(dá)＂。11.A【解析】直到她的朋友嚴(yán)重受傷Kerry才意識(shí)到她挑毛病的習(xí)慣。awareof＂意識(shí)到＂；afraidof＂害怕＂；curiousabout＂好奇＂；confusedabout＂感到困惑＂。12.C【解析】judge＂判斷，評(píng)價(jià)＂。此處judge…h(huán)arshly和上文的＂appreciatelife＂形成對(duì)比。13.B【解析】她也能夠把她的新智慧轉(zhuǎn)移到她生活的其他方面。14.C【解析】上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用but。15.D【解析】becriticalof和findfaultwith是同義短語(yǔ)。16.D【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，不挑剔并不意味著忽視問(wèn)題。ignore＂忽視＂。17.B【解析】或者假裝事情比真實(shí)情況要好。18.A【解析】至少大多數(shù)時(shí)候是這樣的。atleast＂至少＂。19.B【解析】abigdeal是固定搭配，含義為＂重要的事情＂。20.A【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，要做到這一點(diǎn)需要的是少量的訓(xùn)練。practice＂練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練＂。Cloze2 【文章大意】本文通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明這樣一個(gè)道理：各種形式的活動(dòng)，如果人們經(jīng)常做，都會(huì)產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒。1.A【解析】其實(shí)，我們可從各年齡段的人們身上看到這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)Asageneralrule，本空填principle呼應(yīng)名詞rule。2.D【解析】各年齡段的人都會(huì)產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒。從下文可知，孩子厭倦玩具、少年厭倦高中、青年厭倦大學(xué)、成年人厭倦開(kāi)車(chē)、老年人厭倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。3.C【解析】在圣誕節(jié)早上，孩子們一開(kāi)始很喜歡玩(playing)他們的新玩具。4.B【解析】但是，不久他們對(duì)新玩具的興趣(interest)逐漸消失了。5.A【解析】到了一月，同樣的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子們了，他們就把那些玩具收起來(lái)了。6.D【解析】生活中滿(mǎn)是裝滿(mǎn)一半(half-filled)郵票的集郵冊(cè)和沒(méi)有完工的模型。后文的＂unfinished＂是關(guān)鍵信息。7.B【解析】這些東西說(shuō)明很多人曾經(jīng)喜歡某一件事，結(jié)果半途而廢。他們的興趣是短暫的(passing)。故選B。

8.C【解析】當(dāng)父母帶回家一個(gè)寵物時(shí)，孩子高興地(gladly)為它洗澡、刷它的毛。9.B【解析】但是，過(guò)不了多久，照顧動(dòng)物的重?fù)?dān)(burden)又被移交給了父母。10.D【解析】青少年帶著極大的興奮之情(excitement)進(jìn)入高中。11.A【解析】但是，不久他們就盼望著畢業(yè)(graduation)。12.C【解析】前句中的youngadults暗示下文談?wù)摰氖浅赡耆?。根?jù)文意可知，抱怨每天開(kāi)車(chē)上班花費(fèi)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人，應(yīng)該是成年人。13.B【解析】而當(dāng)他們剛剛拿到駕照時(shí)，他們翹首企盼(eagerly)一次開(kāi)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。eagerly＂渴望地＂，符合文意。14.B【解析】obtain＂得到＂。這里指考取駕照。15.D【解析】在退休前，人們通常計(jì)劃(plan)做很多事情。16.A【解析】這些事情是他們上班時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間做的大事(greatthings)。17.A【解析】參見(jiàn)上題解析。他們上班太忙了，沒(méi)有時(shí)間(time)做這些事情。18.D【解析】但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高爾夫、釣魚(yú)、閱讀及其他所有的消遣方式都變得沒(méi)有意思了。19.C【解析】那些消遣方式就像他們剛離開(kāi)(leave)的工作一樣，非常乏味。20.B【解析】這些退休老人遭遇的處境，就像一月的孩子一樣，開(kāi)始找新玩具(toys)，尋求刺激了。題組二Close1（2020·上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校月考）【答案】1．C2．C3．B4．B5．C6．A7．C8．B9．C10．D11．C12．B13．C14．A15．C【解析】這是一篇議論文。主要講述了新澤西州新頒發(fā)的法案禁止企業(yè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金交易，從多角度分析了無(wú)現(xiàn)金支付的當(dāng)下形式，進(jìn)一步指出了其中的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。1．考查固定搭配。句意：新澤西州的立法者最近提出了一項(xiàng)法案，禁止企業(yè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金交易。此舉將使該州與全球電子支付趨勢(shì)背道而馳，但會(huì)支持當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T的抵制，他們認(rèn)為無(wú)現(xiàn)金政策是不公平的。A.setup設(shè)置；B.putup張貼；C.backup支持；D.stepup加緊。根據(jù)第三段中“NewYorkCouncilmemberTorressaidonTwitterwhenheintroducedabillthatwouldbanthepractice.”可知此處表示新法案將支持官員對(duì)于無(wú)現(xiàn)金政策的抵制。故選C項(xiàng)。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了美國(guó)人的生活越來(lái)越不依賴(lài)紙幣，這也是瑞典、印度和中國(guó)變化的真實(shí)寫(xiě)照。A.deposits存款；B.exchanges交易；C.shifts轉(zhuǎn)變；D.currencies貨幣。根據(jù)上句“ThefindingsreveallifethatAmericansarebecominglessreliantonpapercurrency”可知美國(guó)人對(duì)于現(xiàn)金的依賴(lài)越來(lái)越少，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C項(xiàng)。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是州和地方官員說(shuō)，餐館和商店采用無(wú)現(xiàn)金政策的做法使社區(qū)中的某些成員落在了后面——某些人無(wú)法開(kāi)設(shè)銀行賬戶(hù)，或者無(wú)法使用信貸額度或支持?jǐn)?shù)字支付的移動(dòng)應(yīng)