2017年11月翻譯資格考試二級(jí)英語筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題及答案

202111Section1English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.Passage1You’vetemporarilymisplacedyourcellphoneandanxiouslyretraceyourstepstotrytofindit.Orperhapsyouneverletgoofyourphone—it’salwaysinyourhand,yourpocket,oryourbag,readytobeansweredorconsultedatamoment’snotice.Whennewmodelscomeout,youfeelbadaboutsayinggoodbyetoyourelectronicpal.Andwhenyourbatteryliferunsdownattheendoftheday,youfeelthatyoursisrunninglowaswell.Newresearchshowsthatthere’sapsychologicalreasonforsuchextremephonedependence:Accordingtotheattachmenttheoryperspective,forsomeofus,ourphoneservesthesamefunctionastheteddybearweclungtoinchildhood.Attachmenttheoryproposesthatourearlylifeexperienceswiththemajorfiguresresponsibleforourwell-being,namelyparentsorothercaregivers,areattherootofourconnectionstotheadultswithwhomweformcloserelationships.Importantly,attachmentinearlylifecanextendtoinanimateobjects.Teddybears,forexample,serveaswhattheattachmenttheoristD.W.Winnicottcalls“transitionalobjects.〞Theteddybear,unliketheparent,isalwaysthere.Whenchildrencan’tbewiththeirparents,theycanstillbewiththeirteddystuffedanimalsalsoserveasatransitionbetweendependenceandindependencewhenyoungchildrenbegintodevelopaseparatesenseofself.Weextendourdependenceoncaregiverstotheseanimals,andusethemtohelpusmovetogreaterautonomyandanindependentsenseofself.Acellphonehasthepotentialtobea“compensatoryattachment〞object.Althoughphonesareoftencastigatedfortheiraddictivepotential,scientistsciteevidencethatsupportstheideathat“healthy,well-functioningadultsalsoreportsignificantemotionalattachmenttospecial〞.Indeed,cellphoneshavebecomeapervasivefeatureofourlives:Thenumberofcellphonesubscriptionsexceedsthetotalpopulationoftheplanet.TheaverageamountofmobileorsmartphoneuseintheU.S.is3.3hoursperday;youngadults18to24)report5.2hoursonanaverageday.Peoplealsoliketobeneartheirphones:A2021surveyreportsthat79percentofuserskeeptheirphoneswiththemforallbuttwooftheirwakinghours.Nearlyasmanypeoplereportbeingdistressedwhenthey’reseparatedfromtheirphone.參考譯文:情感依戀〞。毫無疑問手機(jī)在生活中無處不在全球手機(jī)用戶數(shù)量已超過全球總?cè)丝诿绹似骄刻焓褂靡苿?dòng) 或智能手機(jī)的時(shí)間為3.3小時(shí)。手機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)顯而易見：可以隨身攜帶，還能方便與自己關(guān)心的人保持聯(lián)系。就算無法與朋友、戀人、家人直接通話，至少手機(jī)里的照片短信能讓你覺得他們近在咫尺你也可以關(guān)注他們的社交媒體賬號(hào)不僅能實(shí)時(shí)了解其狀態(tài)，還能回憶過去與之相處的難忘瞬間。所有這些，都足以讓你“不那么孤單〞。Passage2Manycountrieshaveadoptedtheprincipleofsustainabledevelopment,itcancombatenvironmentdeteriorationinairquality,waterqualityandproductionindevelopingcountries.Healtheducationservesasaviableroleforeverymemberintheworld.Butsomearguethatit’savagueidea,someorganizationsmayuseitinitsinterests,whetherenvironmentaloreconomicisthenatureofinterests.Othersarguethatsustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountriesoverlookthelocalcustoms,habitudeandpeople.Whereasinterdependenceisdesirableduringtimesofpeace,warnecessitatescompetitionandindependence.Tariffsandimportationlimitsstrengthenacountry’seconomicvitalitywhilepotentiallyweakeningtheeconomies ofitsenemies.Moreover,protectionismintheweaponsindustryishighlydesirableduringsuchcircumstancesbecauserelianceonanotherstateforarmamentscanbefatal.Forthemostpart,economistsemphasizethenegativeeffectsofprotectionism.Itreducesinternationaltradeandraisespricesforconsumers.Inaddition,domesticfirmsthatreceiveprotectionhavelessincentivetoinnovate.Althoughfreetradeputsuncompetitivefirmsoutofbusiness,thedisplacedworkersandresourcesareultimatelyallocatedtootherareasoftheeconomy.Imposingquotasisamethodusedtoprotecttrade,sinceforeigncompaniescannotshipmoreproductsregardlessofhowlowtheysettheirprices.Countriesthathopetohelpanewindustrythrivelocallyoftenimposequotasonimportedgoods.believethatsuchrestrictionsallowentitiesinthenewindustrytodeveloptheirowncompetitiveadvantagesandproducetheproductsefficiently.DevelopingcountriesoftenusethisargumenttojustifytheirrestrictionsonforeignProtectionism’spurposeisusuallytocreatejobsfordomesticworkers.Companiesthatoperateinindustriesprotectedbyquotashireworkerslocally.Anotherdisadvantageofquotasisthereductioninthequalityofproductsintheabsenceofcompetitionfromforeigncompanies.Withoutcompetition,localfirmsarelesslikelytoinvestininnovationandimprovetheirproductsandservices.Domesticsellersdon’thaveanincentivetoenhanceefficiencyandlowertheirprices,andundersuchconditions,consumerseventuallypaymoreforproductsandservicestheycouldreceivefromforeigncompetitors.Aslocalcompanieslosecompetitiveness,theybecomepressuredtooutsourcejobs.Inthelongrun,increasingprotectionismcommonlyleadstolayoffsandeconomicslowdown.參考譯文:民俗和民生問題?？梢栽谄渌?jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域找到用武之地。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，此類限制政策有助于新興產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)體充分提升自身競爭力及商品生產(chǎn)效率。貿(mào)易主義政策通常旨在創(chuàng)造外鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)崗位。受益于限額政策的業(yè)內(nèi)公司通常只雇傭當(dāng)?shù)毓た?。國?nèi)商家既不注重提升生產(chǎn)效率、也不推出價(jià)格優(yōu)惠措施，久而久之Section2Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.Passage1與疾病作斗爭中逐步形成并不斷豐富開展的醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)奉獻(xiàn)，也對(duì)世界文明進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生了積極影響。參考譯文:Humanityhascreatedacolorfulglobalcivilizationinthelongcourseofitsdevelopment,andthecivilizationofChinaisanimportantcomponentofthecivilizationharboringgreatdiversity.AsarepresentativefeatureofChinesecivilization,traditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isamedicalsciencethatwasformedanddevelopedinthedailylifeofthepeopleandintheprocessoftheirfightagainstdiseasesoverthousandsofyears.Ithasmadeagreatcontributiontothenation’sprocreationandthecountry’sprosperity,inadditiontoproducingapositiveimpactontheprogressofhumancivilization.TCMhascreateduniqueviewsonlife,onfitness,ondiseasesandonthepreventionandtreatmentofdiseasesduringitslonghistoryofabsorptionandinnovation.Itrepresentsacombinationofnaturalsciencesandhumanities,embracingprofoundphilosophicalideasoftheChinesenation.Asideasonfitnessandmedicalmodelschangeandevolve,traditionalChinesemedicinehascometounderlineamoreandmoreprofoundvalue.TCMandWesternmedicinehavetheirdifferentstrengths.TheyworktogetherinChinatoprotectpeoplefromdiseasesandimprovepublichealth.ThishasturnedouttobeoneoftheimportantfeaturesandnotablestrengthsofChinesemedicalservicesystem.Passage28億多貧困開展的世界。參考譯文:Foodforallis,formankind,themostfundamentalrightofservesasthebasisforallotherhumanrights.Greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheglobalagriculturaldevelopment.Yethungerandpovertyhaveremaineda“silentcrisis〞，troublingallhumanbeings.Over800millionpoorpeopleintheworldstillfacethethreatoffoodshortagesandmalnutrition.Topromoteagriculturaldevelopmentanderadicatehungerandpovertyremainsamajorchallengeoftheworldandacommonresponsibilityofmankind.Theinternationalcommunitymayjoinhandstoenhanceagriculturalco