虛擬語氣精講精練及

虛假語氣精講精練及答案虛假語氣精講精練及答案PAGE41虛假語氣精講精練及答案。虛假語氣總覽英語中的三種語氣英語共有三種語氣，陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛假語氣。陳述語氣用來表達(dá)事實(shí)，有必然、否定、咨詢和痛惜等形式，謂語動詞有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；祈使語氣用于提出央求、建議、勸告、命令和警告等，以動詞原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虛假語氣表示說話人所言內(nèi)容不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、夢想、建議、央求、命令或猜想，有時可是說話者的主觀夢想，或表達(dá)他/她的強(qiáng)烈感情，謂語動詞用特別形式。非真實(shí)條件句的虛假語氣條件從句主句haddonewould/should/might/could/ough過去ttohavedonedid（be用were）would/should/might/could/ough此刻ttodo1、didwould/should/might/could/ough將來2、shoulddottodo3、weretodo妙計主句中五個虛假引導(dǎo)詞：MSCOW(奶牛女士)：might,should,could,oughtto,would1.與過去事實(shí)相反1).IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyouwant.2).Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.3).Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.4).Wewouldn’thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.5).Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.6).IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.7).Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.8).Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.9).Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhavepassedthefinalexamination.10).Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.2.2.與此刻事實(shí)相反1).IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.2).Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.。1。3).IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.4).Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.5).IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.6).IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyalargehouse.7).IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.8).IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.9).Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.10).IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.11).IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.(痛惜我不知道)12).Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.(實(shí)質(zhì)上地球引力向來存在。)13).IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.(實(shí)質(zhì)上我確實(shí)不知道，所以必然不能夠告訴你。)14).IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.15).Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.16).Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?17).Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.18).Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.19).Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.(若是想象能成為馬匹，乞丐們都有了坐騎。)20).Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.(若是生活中沒了困難，就會過于平凡。)2.3.與將來事實(shí)相反1).Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.2).Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.(注意：對將來虛假的條件從句中，在實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性方面過去式did最大，shoulddo中等，weretodo最小。如本句太陽沒有可能從西方升起，所以本句用wereto最合適。)3).IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.4).Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeontheearth.5).IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.6).Ifitshould(wereto)rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.7).Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.(若是今晚錯過了這場電影，你會遺憾的。實(shí)質(zhì)上，你不會錯過。)8).IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.9).Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindabouttheplace.。2。10).Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.(若是事情能被做兩次，人人都會變得理智。)2.4.混雜型1).Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.(過去→此刻)2).Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.(過去→此刻)3).Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.(過去→此刻)4).Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchairmannow.(過去→此刻)5).IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.(過去→將來)6).Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.(此刻→將來)7).Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.(過去→此刻)8).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(此刻→過去)9).Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(過去→此刻)10).Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldn’tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(過去→過去→此刻)5.if的省略與條件句的倒裝1).WereIyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.2).Wereshehere,shewouldsupportus.3).Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.4).Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.(若是人人都是天使，政府就沒有必要了。)5).Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.6).Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.7).HadItime,Iwouldcome.(本句中had是實(shí)意動詞，而非主動詞。)8).HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfromhappening.9).Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheynotwastedtheirvaluabletime.10).Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.11).Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.12).Wewouldgonetoyourbirthdaypartyhadyouinvitedus.。3。13.Iwouldgoshoulditbenecessary.14).WhatwouldhavehappenedhadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?15).Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.16).Wereitnotforwater,noplantcouldgrow.(注：例句8、9知點(diǎn)“二→6→B→a”。)17).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials,theystandequalbeforethelaw.(Whethertheybe?)18).Betheweatherwhatitmay,Iwillleavetomorrow.(Whethertheweatherbewhatitmay,?)(注：例句13、14知點(diǎn)“八→5”。)注意：在一構(gòu)中，若條件句否定句，not被放在主此后，而不能夠?qū)懗蓋eren’t,shouldn’t或hadn’t而置于居首。如例15，16。2.6.委宛型：A.with：“若是有，若是有”，表示與在事相反的假。1).Withyourhelp,wewouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.(若是有你的幫助，我早就解出道了。上你沒有幫助我，我也沒有解出道。)2).Withalittleasssistance,Alexanderwouldhavesucceeded.3).Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.B.a.without/butfor/ifitwerenotfor(wereitnotfor)/ifithadn’tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)/intheabsenceof+Sb./Sth.b.butthat+句子；注意:a.b.都表示“要不是，若非，若是沒有,若是不是”,表示與在事相反的假。1).Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.2).Withouttheprogrammer(程序制人),thecomputerwouldbeuseless.3).Withoutsunshine,nothingcouldgrowonearth.4).Withoutwaterorair,nothingcouldlive.5).Withoutcontradictionnothingcouldexist.(沒有矛盾，就沒有世界)6).Withouthim,wewouldhavefailed.7).Withoutthedifficulieswewouldnotknowgreatmen’stoughness.(若是沒有困，我就不會認(rèn)識人的性格。)8).Iwouldnevermakeitwithoutthehavitsoforderanddiligence.(若是沒有循序漸進(jìn)和勤的，我就不會成功。)9).Withoutchallenges,ObamawouldneverhavebeenPresidentoftheUnitedStates.10).Withoutsteel,therewouldbenomodernindustry.(沒有，就。4。沒有代工。)11).Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.12).Butforyourtimelyrescue,theboywouldhavedrowned.13).Butforfriction,peoplecouldneitherwalk,norevenstandup.(注：以上例句1-13without,butfor都可互，并可替intheabsenceof;若是在或?qū)淼奶?，可用Ifitwerenotfor替；若是去的虛可用Ifithadnotbeenfor來替。)14).Butthathesawit,hecouldnothavebelievedit.15).ThelittlegirlwouldhavefallenintotheriverbutthatthePLAmancaughther.16).Butthatyoudidn’tletmetakethatcupofteaIwouldhavebeenposionedtodeath.17).Shewouldhavecometoseeyouthatdaybutthatshewasill.(=Butforherillness)18).Butthatitsnowedheavily,theycouldhavearrivedthereearlier.(=Butfortheheavysnow,?)19).Shewouldhaveboughtthebookbutthatshehadnomoneythen.20).Ifitweren’tformyjob,Iwouldcomewithyou.21).Ifitwerenotforhiswife’smoneyhewouldneverbeamayor.22).Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor’scare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.23).Ifithadnotbeenforyou,Icouldnothaveworkedouttheproblem.C.or,orelse,otherwise；1).Ididn’tcatchthebus,otherwiseIwouldn’thavemissedthefilm.2).Igotuptoolate,otherwiseIwouldn’thavebeenlateforthemeeting.3).Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.4).Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade(游行).5).Iambusynow.Otherwise,Iwouldhelpyou.6).Hecan’thavewrittentome,otherwiseIwouldhavegothisletterbynow.7).Hetoldmeofyourarrival,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.8).Thesoldierfledaway,orhewouldhavebeenkilled.9).Ididn’tknowthathewasaliar,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.通上下文推斷，沒有引，真實(shí)的委宛。1).Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar(學(xué)者).。5。2).Iwoulddosoinyourposition.3).Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.4).Unlessyouhaddoneitearlier,youwouldhavefailed.2.7.suppose(that),supposing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);onconditionthat;giventhat1).Suppose/supposingthattherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.=Iftherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.2).Supposingyoucouldn’twrite,whatwouldyoudo?3).Childrenwerepermittedintothehallforthefilmprovided(that)theydidnotmakeanytrouble.4).Theguardsallowthetouriststogointothewoodsonconditionthatthey(should)donoharmtotheanimals.(onconditionthat=onlyif,它所引從句的的氣可述，可虛，但均表示一個真條件。)5).Giventhathedoesn’tagreetodoit,weshalldoitalone.(giventhat表示一個真條件，其從句用述氣。)從句的虛氣wishwishthat?haddone→表示去已事情的虛wishthat?did/were→表示在正事情的虛wishthat?wereto/should/could/might/woulddo→表示將來要事情的虛1).IwishIwereabird.2).Theuglygirlwishesshewerebetterlooking.3).SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.4).HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!5).IhaveneverbeentoNewYork,buthowIwishIhad.6).IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday.7).Howwewishwecouldhavearesttomorrow!8).IwishIcouldstandonabusystreetcorner,hatinhand,andbegpeopletothrowmealltheirwastedhours.(我希望自己站在人來人往的大街上，手里拿著帽子，央求人把棄的光扔我。)9).IwishIhadnevermethim.10).Iwishyouhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.3.2.wouldrather(that)?本構(gòu)從句是一般去，表示一個在或?qū)淼膲粝?；是去完成?。時時，表示對過去已發(fā)事件的一種企圖，表示說話者寧愿某人做或沒有做某事，實(shí)質(zhì)上卻恰巧相反。擁有相同用法的結(jié)構(gòu)還有wouldsooner,wouldassoon,wouldjustassoon，它們可代替wouldrather。1).Iwouldratheryouwerehomenow.2).I’dsooneryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.3).Iwouldratheryouhadbeentherewithme.(實(shí)質(zhì)上不是你，是他人)4).I’dratheryouhadmorehealththanwealth.5).I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.(實(shí)質(zhì)上已做)6).IwouldratherthatIhadstayedathomeyesterday.(實(shí)質(zhì)上并無)7).IwouldjustassoonthatJohnhadn’tspokenrudelytome.8).I’dratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.9).I’drathereverytinghadn’thappenedbetweenus.試比較：、wouldrather后接動詞原形，表示對此刻或?qū)砟撤N行為的一種主觀夢想或選擇，為陳述語氣。1).Iwouldratherstayathomethangotothecinema.2).Thebravesoldierswouldtatherdiethansurrendertotheenemy.3).I’drathernotgotothecinematonight.、wouldrather后接不定式完成時表示對已發(fā)惹禍件的后悔。4).I’drathernothavetoldherthenews.Sheissuchagossip.5).Thefilmwasterrible.I’drathernothavegonetothecinemalastnight.6).Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?Yes,butI’drathernothavedoneit.3.3.表示夢想、建議、央求、命令等含義的動詞3.3.1.這類動詞的賓語從句的謂語形式為should+動詞原形，should能夠省略，但引導(dǎo)詞that平時不省略。常用的這類動詞有：advise忠告，建議ask要求command命令decide決定demand要求desire希望，可望determine決定insist堅持order命令prefer寧愿promise承諾propose建議recommend介紹，勸告request要求require要求suggest建議3.3.2.巧記賓從用虛假語氣的動詞方法一、一堅二命三建四要一堅持→insist二命令→order,。7。command三建議→suggest,advise,recommend四要求require,request,demand,desire方法二、DISCO（迪斯科）D→demandI→insistS→suggestC→commandO→order方法三、Idropcaps.I→insistD→demand/desireR→require/request/recommendO→orderP→proposeC→commandA→adviseP→preferS→suggest3.3.3.例句1).Thedriverdemandedthatallthepassengersshowtheirticketstohim.2).Theofficerorderedthathistroopsmoveontothefront.3).Thecommandercommandedthatweattackatonce.4).Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.5).Ipreferthatyounoteatthatmuch.6).IproposethatMr.Libethechairman.7).Irecommendedthatyoushouldreduceyourexpenditure.8).Heasksthathebegivenanopportunitytotrythismethod.9).IaskedthatIbeallowedtoseeher.10).Heinsistedthatadoctorbesentforatonce.11).Ourteacherinsistedthatwenotplaycomputergamesatschool.12).Whodoyousuggestbesenttoworkthere?13).Wesuggestthathegivelessmoneytohischild.14).Mr.WangsuggestedthatItakeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.15).Hedeterminedthatshesetoffatonce.16).Sheadvisedthatwekeepthedoorlocked.17).Theyrequirethatvisitorsnotsmokeintheworkshop.18).Mr.Wangrequiredthatallthestudentsbepolitetoothers.注：以上各例句賓語從句中謂語動詞前統(tǒng)統(tǒng)省略了should。、suggest與insist之例外suggest作“建議”解時用虛假語氣，作“表示”解時用陳述語氣；insist作“堅持”解時用虛假語氣，作“堅持認(rèn)為，堅持說”解時用陳述語氣。1).Thesmileonmymother’sfacesuggestedthatshewasdelightedwithmyexaminationresult.(非虛假)2).Hisyawnssuggestedthathewassleepy.（非虛假）。8。3).Allthesefactssuggestthatheisinnocent.（非虛）4).Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andhisparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.(前后虛)5).Heinsistedthathehaddoneright.（非虛）6).Heinsistedthathewasnotinvolvedinthecase.（非虛）7).Heinsistedthathehadnotbeenlatethatmorning.（非虛）8).Heinsistedthatwhathesaidwastrueandweinsistedthathegoandhavealook.(前后虛)9).Theagedmaninsistedthathewasn’tillandshouldn’tbesenttothehospital.主從句的虛氣基本構(gòu)：Itbe/seem+(表示夢想、建、命令、要求、意志、驚、不、憾等意的)形容/去分/名+that+主+（should）+原形.在本構(gòu)中it是形式主，真實(shí)的主是后邊的that從句，從句中的形式shoulddo,should能夠省略。4.1.Itis+adj.+that+?(should)do?常用的此形容有：advisable理智的amazing令人吃驚的disappointing令人無望的embarrassing令人尬的essential重要的important重要的incredible令人以置信的natural自然的necessary必要的,不能缺少的1).strange奇異的surprising令人驚的Itisvital至關(guān)重要的naturaurgent急的astonishing令人驚的lthatimperative在必行的heobjecttoaplanlikethat.2).Itisnecessarythatwetellhimthetruthatonce.3).Itisnotnecessarythateveryonebeascientist.4).Itisessentialthateverychildbegiventhesameeducationalopportunities.5).Itisurgentthatadoctorshouldbesentforimmediately.6).Itisadvisablethateveryonehaveamap.7).Itisvitalthattheheadmasterreceivethisletterthisevening.8).Itisimportantthatyoushouldthankthosewhosupportedyouthroughthedisappointments.。9。(重要的是,你感那些在你失意予你支持的人。)9).Itisreallystrangethatthegirlbemarriedsoearly.(真奇異，那小姑娘竟然么早就出嫁了！)10).Itisamazingthatheshouldhavelearntsomuchinsuchashorttime.11).Itisstrangethathehaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.12).Itissurprisingthatheshouldbesofoolishastobelieveherlie13).Itwasastonishingthatshehavekeptthesecretfromhimallthroughtheirlifetime.14).Itseemsincrediblethathehavefinishedtheworksosoon.(他竟然么快就完成了工作，憂如令人以置信。)注意：a.在Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/strange/incrediable/apity/ashamethat...構(gòu)中，that虛從句表示人的驚、后悔、絕望等烈的感情，含有“竟然,竟然”的意思，表示所生的事情特別出乎不測。如上面例句9-14。再如：15).It’sapitythatheshouldmissthelecture.（真憾，他竟然了次演。）16).It’sapitythatheshouldturndownmyoffer.(真憾，他竟然拒了我的提。)17).Itisashamethatsheshouldbehavelikethat.(她竟然表的那么差，真人。)b.本構(gòu)可形Itis+of+上述形容相的名形式+that?(should)do?。如：18).Itisofutmostimportancethatyoubehereontime.4.2.Itis+去分+that?(should)do?常的此去分有：suggestedordereddesiredproposeddecidedrecommendedrequestedrequired1).Itisdemandedsuggestedthatmoretreesshouldbeplantedtopreventsandatorms.2).Itisrequiredthatthestudentswearschooluniformsatschool.3).Itisdecidedthatnosmokingbeallowedinthelibrary.4).Itisdemandedthatoneofthestudentsshouldstaytolookafterthethings.5).Itisproposedthatthismatterbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.。10。6).Itisrecommendedthattheworkshouldn’tbestarteduntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.表語從句的虛假語氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(表示建議、建議、命令、要求的)名詞+be+that+主語(should)+動詞原形.常有的此類名詞有：advicedecisiondemandideaorderplanrecommendationproposalrequestsuggestionpityMydesirewishrequirement1).suggestionisthatweshouldtryourbesttohelptherefugeesoftheearthquakes.2).Thecommander’sorderwasthatsoliderssetoutatonce.3).Ourideaisthatthematchbeputoff.4).Ourdecisionisthattheschoolremainclosed.5).Thedoctor’sadvicewasthatyougiveupsmoking.6).Hispropoalisthatthematterbediscussedatthenextmeeting.7).Ourwishisthatheshoulddowhathepleases.8).Mydesireisthatallthemembersofthefamilygatheronceayear.同位語從句的虛假語氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(表示建議、建議、命令、要求的)名詞+that+主語+(should)+動詞原形.常有的此類名詞有：advicedecisiondemandideaorderplanrecommendationproposalrequestsuggestionpityThedesirewishrequirement1).peopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewarcometoanendassoonaspossible.2).Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestionthatwesendafewworkerstohelptheothegroups?3).Iagreedtotheideathatadoctorbesentfor.4).Mr.Wang’sadvicethatweshouldgooverourplanoncemoreisreasonable.5).Iamallfortheproposalthataspecialgroupbesetuptolookintothematter.6).Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamilygatheronce。11。ayear.定語從句的虛假語氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis(high,about)time+that+主語+動詞過去式.Itis(high,about)time+that+主語+shoulddo.(注意:should不能夠省略,that能夠省略。)本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“目前該做卻還沒有做的事”，該事早就該做了，時間已經(jīng)有些晚了。1).Itishightimethatwewereoff.2).Itistimethatsomeonetaughtyoutobehaveyourself.3).It’sabouttimethatweshouldputanendtothiscontroversy(爭辯，正義).4).Itishightimethatweshouldprepareforthefinal.5).Itabouttimeweshouldconsiderwhattodonext.6).It’stimewesettowork.(set為過去式)7).It’stimewestarted/setoff/setout/left.8).It’stimewefoundsomewheretoeat.注：句型It’stimetodosth./It’stimeforsb.todosth./It’stimeforsth.表示“該做某事了，是做某事的時候了”，沒有“目前該做卻還沒有做的事”的含義。其他類虛假語氣asif/though屬于時態(tài)型虛假語氣，其動詞結(jié)構(gòu)與wish此后的虛假語氣相同。過去haddone此刻did（be用were）were將來to/should/could/might/woulddo1).ShespeaksEnglishveryfluentlyasthoughshewereborninEngland.(實(shí)質(zhì)上不是)2).Themantalkedtoomuchasthoughheweredrunk.(實(shí)質(zhì)上說話人認(rèn)為他并未喝醉)3).HetalkedasifhehadtakenpartintheLongMarch.4).Heoperatedthemachineasifhewereaskilledworker.5).Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.6).Itwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.注：以上例句1-6asif/though引導(dǎo)的是方式狀語從句；但若是主句的動。12。是系be,feel,look,seem,sound,appear等，asif/though引的即是表從句了。以以下例句7-11。7).MaryfeltasthoughMr.Wangwereherfather.8).Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.9).Heappearedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.(他看上去此一無所知。)10).Ifeelasifwehadknowneachotherforages.注意：asif/though此后即可接虛氣，又可接述氣，比：11).Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrain.(憂如天要下雨。虛氣，與將來事相反，上不會。)12).Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(述氣，上確會下雨。)8.2.evenif/though引的步狀從句屬于型虛氣，的不用然是事，經(jīng)常表示一種虛的步，其構(gòu)與if引的虛條件句一。去haddone在did（be用were）將來1、did；2、shoulddo；3、weretodo1).EvenifIwererich,Iwouldwork.2).Iwon’tlendyouanymoneyevenifIhadmoney.3).EventhoughIhadbeenwithyouthen,Icouldnothavehelpedyou.4).Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailonehundredtimes.5).Evenifhehadbeenthere,Ishouldhavesaidthesamething.6).Eventhoughyouhadenoughmoney,youcouldnotbuythelosttime.7).Itisbettertoinvitehimeventhoughheshouldrufuse.注意：Evenif/though也可引述氣的句子，表達(dá)一種真的步。比：7).Evenifitrainstomorrow,Iwillgosightingwithyou.(情況真，確照)8).EvenifIbecomeamillionaire,Ishallalwaysbeasocialist.（述氣）8.3.ifonly(=HowIwish)引的虛氣屬于型虛氣，表示一種烈的夢想、憾或不，意“若是??就好了”，“希望”。1).IfonlyIhadmoremoney!Icouldbuysomenewclothes.2).IfonlyIhadnotcheatedintheexamination!3).Ifonlywehaddoneasweweretold!Thiswouldneverhavehappened.4).IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!。13。5).Ifonlyyouhadtoldmeinadvance!6).IfonlyIhadnotmarriedbeforeImetyou!7).Ifonlyyouhadarrivedalittleearlier!注意:ifonly與onlyif的區(qū)：onlyif中only只起到加、突出的作用，if的并改，意“只有在??條件下”，表示條件的唯一性。如：8).OnlyifyouhelpmecanIsucceed.9).Iwillgohomeonlyifyougowithme.10).WillyoucometoBirthdayPartytomorrow?OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteTom.8.4.lest,forfearthat引的目的狀從句基本構(gòu)：lest(forfearthat)+主+隸屬should型should+原形虛氣，此后用should+原形，should可might,would,也能夠省略，意味“以免??,了??不??”。1).Shetookataxitothestationlestsheshouldmissthetrain.(=Shetookataxitothestationsothat(或inorderthat)sheshouldnotmissthetrain.=Shetookataxitothestationincasesheshouldmissthetrain.)2).Heremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.3).Shealwaysstudieshardlestshelagbehind.4).Neverletchildrenplaywithfirelesttheymightsetfiretothehouses.5).IquietlyenteredtheroomlestIshouldwakeupmybaby.6).Hismotherpunishedhimlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.7).Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentslesttheyshouldfallintotheenemy’shands.8).Weighwellyourwordslesttheybeswords.9).Wemustnotpromisewhatweshouldnot,lestwebecalledontoperformwhatwecannot.注：以上例句1-9中l(wèi)est都可被forfearthat替。8.5.whether?or?引的步狀從句意“無論/不是??是??”，構(gòu)：whether+主+be+表一+or+表二，?1).Whetherheberichorpoor,Iwillmarryhim.(可省略whether,此要到裝：Beherichorpoor,...)2).Whetheritbeneworold,itismybike.(=Beitneworold,。14。itismybike.)3).Behefriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.(=Whetherhebefriendorfoe,?)4).Whetherthefiguresbeaccurateornot,mtheyhavetoberechecked.5).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials(高官)theystandequalbeforethelaw.6).Everymorninghegoesjoggingalongthelake,whetheritbefineorrainy.7).ShecantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyEnglish,FrenchorLatin.8).Whetherthiscriticismbewiseorfoolish,importantorinsignificant,itisatleastnatured.(無論批是理智的是笨拙的，重要的是沒關(guān)要的，最少它是好意的。)8.6.表示祝愿、禮貌的虛氣8.6.1.LongliveChairmanMao!(live不加-s)Godblessyou!(bless不加-es)8.6.2.Maysb.dosth!&Wishsb.sth!1).Mayyousucceed!→Wishyousuccess!2).Mayyouhaveagoodtrip.→Wishyouagoodtrip.3).Mayyouhaveahappybirthday.→Wishyouagoodbirthday.4).Mayyouhaveahappylife.→Wishyouahappylife.5).MaythespiritofLeiFengliveonforever!(愿雷精神永存！)8.6.3.有出于禮貌，賭氣婉，也可防備加于人而使用虛氣，用來表示求方做某事。1).Iwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeahand.2).Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.3).Iwouldreallyappreciateifyoutookamessageforher.4).Iwouldbemosthonoredifyoutaughtmehowtostartthemachine.5).Itwouldbeniceifyouhelpedmeabitwiththehousework.8.7.含有氣的虛氣：情+havedoneneedhavedone→本有必needn’thavedone→本不用要做卻未作做卻做should/oughttohavedone→shouldn’thavedone→本不本做卻未做做卻做couldhavedone→本couldn'thavedone→本不能夠能做卻未做做卻做但注意：musthavedone表示去的推。1).Icouldhaveprovidedyouwiththefunds.Whydidn’tyouaskme?。15。2).Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ineedn'thavetakenthetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(06年江西)3).Mr.Whiteshouldhavearrivedat8：30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.(04年全國一高考)4).—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—Youshouldhavetoldherlastweek.(04年福建高考)5).Haditnotbeenforthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.6).Sheoughttohavehadmoreconsiderationforyou.(他本更多地你著想。)7).Idon’tthinkyououghttohavedonethat.(我你本不做那種事。)8).Theyoughtn’ttohaveletyououtofhospitalsosoon.(他本來不你么快出院。)9).Youneedn’thavecomeoveryourself.Youcouldhavegivenmearinginstead.(你本不用自來，你本能夠我打個就行了。)10).Youneedn'thavetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.11).Youshouldn'thavecriticizedhimsternlytohisface.(你不當(dāng)面么地批他。)8.8.關(guān)注but在虛氣中，but分句所起的作用相當(dāng)于if從句的反句，點(diǎn)出在或去的某一事，故用述氣。(butIwish除外)1).IwouldhaveinvitedhertothepartybutIdidn’tknowherwell.(but?=ifIhadknownherwell)2).IwouldhavehadarestbutIhadsomuchworktodo.(but?=ifIhadn’thadsomuchworktodo)3).Shewouldhavecometoseeyoubutshewasillthatday.(but?=ifshehadn’tbeenillthatday)4).IshouldhavegonetothepartybutIwasnotinvited.(but?=ifIhadbeeninvited)5).IhavenoChinese-Englishdictionary,butIwishIhadone.6).Ihaveneverbeentothemoon,butIwishIhad.虛氣悟9.1.通虛氣，大體能夠?qū)⑵浞帧靶汀焙汀皊hould+原型”兩，表析以下：虛引的非真條件句上述二此后的從句上述三1rather/sooner/as上述三氣soon/justassoon此后的從句2。16。if/rough引的方式狀從句上述八1if/though引的步狀從上述八句2only引的感句上述八31.“一二命三建四要”此后的從上述三句(should可省略)32.主從句(should可省略)上述四Should3.表從句(should可省略)上述五加4.同位從句(should可省略)上述六原5.定從句(should不能省略,should上述七形do可改did)6.lest(forfearthat)引的目的狀上述八從句4it/he(may)be?or?上述八59.2.確定，形式在型虛氣中，確定是去、在是將來的虛，是確定形式的關(guān)，因虛的“式”是由作所生的“”決定的。作生的虛的“式”“”從句主句去haddonewould/should/might/could/oughttohavedone在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/oughttodo將來1、did2、would/should/might/could/shoulddooughttodo3、weretodo看以下例：例1.A.Ifhe_______,he_______thatfood.B.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.a.waswarned;wouldnottakeb.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenc.wouldbewarned;hadnottakend.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken從B的答解析，A所的事情生在去，表示的當(dāng)沒有人警告他，果他吃了那種事物。反就成了虛氣，主句和從句都是去的虛，從句用haddone,主句用wouldhavedone,所以b是正確答案。例2.Ifthesun_______riseinthewest,myloveforyouwouldbeunchanged.a.shouldb.werec.weretod.。17。shall題干在說“要想讓我對你的愛不改變，除非有一天太陽打西邊出來”，主句和從句都是對將來的虛假，虛假條件句“太陽打西邊出”根本就不能能實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以用weretodo，選擇c。例3.Ifhe_______totheteacherattentively,he_______theanswertotheproblemnow.a.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownb.listened,wouldknowc.listened,wouldhaveknownd.hadlistened,wouldknow解讀題干可知，“他”此刻不知道答案是因?yàn)閺那皼]有認(rèn)真聽講，一個是對此刻的虛假，一個是對過去的虛假，是混雜型虛假語氣。虛假語氣知識點(diǎn)牢固、助記性精練。18。()1.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightaway,becauseshethinksthatifshe_______ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot()2.Wewouldnotbeabletowalkifthere_______nofriction.A.isB.areC.wereD.willbe()3.Ifwe_______morefreedominchoosingcourses,wewouldhavehadmoremotivationtostudy.A.weregivenB.couldbegivenC.hadbeengivenD.hadgiven()4.Ifhe_______,he_______thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_______inturn,you?sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot()6.Ifthesun_______riseinthewest,myloveforyouwouldbeunchanged.A.shouldB.wereC.weretoD.shall()7.Ifhe_______hardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.A.hadnotbeenworkingB.hasnotbeenworkingC.wasnotworkingD.werenotworking()8._______tome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.A.IfhelistenedB.IfhewouldlistenC.ShouldhelistenD.Hadhelistened()9._______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will。19。()10.Whatwouldhavehappened_______,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther()11.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_______now.A.couldn’thavesmiledB.wouldn’tbesmilingC.didn’tsmileD.won’tsmile()12.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie()13.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall()14.Ifit_______foryourhelpIreallydon’tknowwhatIwouldhavedone.A.hadnotbeenB.wasnotC.hasnotbeenD.were()15.I_______youwiththefunds.Whydidn’tyouaskme?A.shouldprovideB.couldprovideC.hadprovidedD.couldhaveprovided()16._______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor()17.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe()18.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight_______,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly()19.Wouldyouhavecalledherup?Yes,butI_______busy。20。doingmyhomework.A.wasB.wereC.amD.wouldbe()20.Whydidn’tMarygo?She_______exceptshedidn’thavetime.A.wouldhavegoneB.willgoC.wouldgoD.begoing()21.Butthathesawit,he_______it.A.can’tbelieveB.couldnotbelieveC.couldnothavebelievedD.didnotbelieve()22.Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.OtherwiseI_______thismistake.A.didn’tmakeB.wouldnotmakeC.hadn’tmadeD.wouldn’thavemade()23.Theymusthavelikedtheapartment,orthey_______solong.A.didn’tstayB.wouldn’thavestayedC.won’tstayD.wouldn’tstay()24.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored()25.Supposingyou_______write,whatwouldyoudo?A.couldn’tB.can’tC.maynotD.areunable()26.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI_______youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow()27.Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou_______hereontime.A.beB.shallbeC.aretobeD.mustbe()28.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_______inyourschool.A.happensB.happenedC.shouldhappenD.hadhappened()29.Itisdecidedthatnosmoking_______intheclassroom.A.beallowedB.isallowedC.willbeallowedD.shouldhavebeenallowed()30.Doyouhaveadictionary?No,butIwishI_______.A.haveB.didC.do。21。D.havehad()31.Bob’sdoctorsuggests_______forafewdays.A.thatheisrestingB.hisrestingC.himtorestD.thatherest()32.Tominsistedwhathesaid_______trueandweinsistedthathe_______andhavealook.A.be;shouldgoB.shouldbe;wouldgoC.was;goD.was;wouldgo()33.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe_______ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_______amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has()34.DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?_______.A.I’dratheryoudidn’t,actuallyB.Ofcoursenot,it’snotallowedhereC.Great!Ilovepets.D.No,youcan’t()35.Ourplanisthattheproduction_______attherateof10percentayear.A.riseB.roseC.wouldriseD.rised()36.Look!Itlooksasifit_______goingtorain.Wemusthurry.OK.A.wasB.isC.wereD.willbe()37.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_______roundtheearth.A.becirclingB.iscirclingC.circlesD.werecircling()38.Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentsforfearthatthey_______intotheenemy’shands.A.mightfallB.wouldfallC.shouldfallD.willfall()39.Mrs.Blisskeptthedoorandthewindowsshutlestthenoiseoutside_______herson’ssleep.A.wouldinterferewithB.hadinterferedwithC.interferedwithD.shouldinterferewith()40.Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfailtentimes.。22。A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until()41._______.,thelawregardshimascriminal.A.BeinghefriendorfoeB.BehefriendorfoeC.WashefriendorfoeD.Whetherfriendorfoe()42.It’sautumn,thetimethatfarmers_______theircorn.A.getinB.gotinC.aregettinginD.willgetin()43._______hetryagain,hemightbesuccessful.A.CouldB.MightC.MustD.Should()44._______,hewouldbesurprised.A.WereTomtoseeyouB.WereTomseeyouC.IfTomistoseeyouD.IfTomhasseenyou()45.Theworkersareworkinghardtomeettherequestthattherailway_______totrafficonMay1.A.isopenB.willbeopenC.beopenD.mustopen()46.WeareallforMary’ssuggestionthatthediscussion_______.A.isputoffB.putsoffC.tobeputoffD.beputoff()47.Hegaveordersthattheprisoners_______free.A.aresetB.weresetC.setD.beset()48.Ithinkitishightimeyou_______action.A.takeB.tookC.ar