高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)教案：復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句概念：復(fù)合句又稱主從復(fù)合句，由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句構(gòu)成，主句為句子的主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只能做句子的一個(gè)成分。從句擔(dān)任什么句子成分，這個(gè)從句就叫該成分的從句。根據(jù)從句在句中的作用，可分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。一、名詞性從句名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句四種。(從屬連詞：用來連接主句和從句的連詞稱為從屬連詞)從屬連接詞：that/whether/if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分連詞連接代詞：who/whom/whose、what、which當(dāng)主/賓/表/定語(標(biāo)簽)連接副詞：when/where/how/why充當(dāng)從句的狀語主語從句由連接詞引導(dǎo)eg:Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotyetknown.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)eg:Whowillgoisnotimportant.Whatweneedismorepractice.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)eg:Wherethemeetingwillbeheldhasn’tbeendecided.Whenhewillreturnisanimportantquestion.另外也可以用it作形式主語，主語從句作真正主語放句子后面eg:It’sapitythatshehasmadesuchafoolishmistake.It’sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledinthetrafficaccident.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.表語從句由連接詞引導(dǎo)eg:Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)eg:Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)eg:Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.表語從句還可以由asif/asthough/as/because來引導(dǎo)eg:Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.It’sbecauseyoueattoomuch.賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞的賓語。IthinkthatwatchingTVtoomuchisbadforpeople’shealth.Iwonderifyoucandomeafavour.Iwonderwhyherefusedmyinvitation.Heaskedmewhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.Idon’tknowwhichschoolheisin.Theteacherispleasedwithwhathehassaid.IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyEnglish.I’mafraidthatIcan’tacceptyourinvitation.Wearegladthatourfootballteamhaswonthematch.另外也可以用it作形式賓語，賓語從句作真正賓語放句子后面eg:Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforadvice.同位語從句同位語從句一般放在某些抽象名詞如：fact/news/idea/thought/advice/suggestion/truth/hope/problem/question/information/order/belief/doubt/fear等的后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。eg:ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.名詞性從句需注意的幾個(gè)問題名詞性從句用陳述語氣eg:Idon’tknowwherehehasgone.名詞性從句中的賓語從句其引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略eg:Ithink(that)watchingTVtoomuchisbadforpeople’shealth.名詞性從句中的賓語從句為介賓時(shí)，不用which引導(dǎo)，而用what引導(dǎo)而用what引導(dǎo)。eg:Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?用whether而不用if表“是否”的情況用來引導(dǎo)主語從句放句首eg:Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tdecidedyet.用來引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位從句eg:Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.eg:Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.作介詞賓語，介詞有時(shí)可以省略eg:Italldepends(on)whethertheywillsupportus.后面直接跟不定式時(shí)eg:Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.后面跟ornoteg:Wedidn’tknowwhethershewasreadyornot.定語從句定語從句起定語作用，修飾句中的名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。從屬關(guān)系代詞：who/whom/whose/which/that/as當(dāng)主/賓/定語連詞關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why充當(dāng)從句的狀語1、先行詞為人時(shí)，從屬連詞在句中作主語：who/that作賓語：whom/that/who(可省略)eg:Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedme.Thedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingforisintheroom.2、先行詞為物時(shí)，從屬連詞在句中作主語：which/that作賓語：which/that(可省略)eg:Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.Thisisthebook(which/that)youneed.3、先行詞為時(shí)間時(shí)，從屬連詞在句中作狀語：when作賓語：which/that(可省略)eg:IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Liu.Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)wespenttogether.4、先行詞為地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從屬連詞在句中作狀語：where作賓語：which/that(可省略)eg:Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastweek.5、先行詞為原因時(shí)，從屬連詞在句中作狀語：why作賓語：which/that(可省略)eg:Idon’tknowthereasonwhyyouwereabsentfromthemeeting,butI’msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason(which/that)youhaven’ttoldme.6、從屬連詞whose，其先行詞既可為人也可為物，在從句中作定語eg:Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.7、關(guān)系代詞選用that而不用which或who的情況先行詞既有人又有物eg:Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.②當(dāng)主句以which或who開頭時(shí)，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)以避免重復(fù)eg:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow.③先行詞是不定代詞all/few/little/much/something/anything/nothing等eg:Allthatwehavetodoistopractisemore.④先行詞被all/anysome/few/little/every/no等修飾時(shí)eg:Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.⑤先行詞被theonly/thevery/thesame/thelast/just等修飾時(shí)eg:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑥先行詞是系數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或者被它們修飾時(shí)eg:ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.⑦當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)eg:Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.8、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句是有含義區(qū)別的eg:ShehastwosonswhoarePLAman.限制性定語從句她有兩個(gè)當(dāng)解放軍的兒子。(她可能還有其它的兒子但不當(dāng)解放軍)Shehastwosons,whoarePLAman.非限制性定語從句她有兩個(gè)兒子，他們都是解放軍。(她有且只有兩個(gè)兒子)非限制性定語從句與主句之間一般用逗號(hào)隔開，而限制性定語從句與主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。非限制性定語從句不用that引導(dǎo)，一般用which或as來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞which有時(shí)指代前面的整個(gè)句子。eg:HegavehismotheracolourTVsetforherbirthday,whichpleasedheralot.9、由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句eg:ThetrainthathasjustleftisforBeijing.Thetruththattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.先行詞是具體的名詞或代詞還是抽象名詞作用：是修飾限定(……的)還是補(bǔ)充說明(具體內(nèi)容)that在從句中是否充當(dāng)成分：定語從句中有，同位語從句中無that是否可以省略：定語從句中作賓語可以省略，同位語從句中不能省略。10、as與which的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which只放句中，as可放句首或句中as常與前面thesame、such等呼應(yīng)使用eg:Suchpeopleasyoudiscribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和過去不同了。as有“正如”、“就像”的意思而which沒有eg:asitissaidaboveasitis11、分隔定語從句：一般來講定語從句要緊跟在先行詞的后面，但有時(shí)中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開稱為分隔定語從句。eg:ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.ThedaysaregoneforeverwhenChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.12、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，因此，使用時(shí)要注意避免句子成分的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。eg:Letmehavealookatthedictionarythatyouboughtityesterday.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago.句中的where=inwhich(關(guān)系副詞=關(guān)系代詞+介詞)狀語從句狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、結(jié)果、目的、方式、讓步、比較狀語從句共九種。時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句常用when/while/as/after/before/since/until/assoonas等來引導(dǎo)，主句用將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。eg:IwillgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.Wewillwaituntilthedoctorcomes.①when/while/as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”eg:IwilltellheraboutthatwhenIseeher.Ashewalkedalongthestreet,hesanghappily.assoonas/themoment/immediately/directly/instantly表示““一……就”eg:IwilltellyouassoonasIknow.③hardly…when…/nosooner…than…表示“剛……就”主句用haddone,從句用did,主句常用倒裝eg:HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.地點(diǎn)狀語從句：注意與定語從句區(qū)分Ishallgowhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.地點(diǎn)狀語從句Ishallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.定語從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句常用because/since/now(that)/as/for等來引導(dǎo)eg:Sincethetwochildrenwerebroughtupinthesouth,theyhaveneverseensnow.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcangoonwithyourwork.Asitisgettingverylate,wehavetogohome.Ashedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,heoftentookadictionarywithhim.Wemuststartearly,forwehavealongwaytogo.以下幾種情況只能用becarse回答why提出的問題；用來引導(dǎo)表語從句；eg:Hedidn’tspeaktoyou,itwasbecausehedidn’trecognizeyou.用在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句中；當(dāng)從屬連詞前有only/just/simply等修飾時(shí)：eg:Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.because+句子注意becauseof+名詞或短語區(qū)別結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常用sothat/so…that…/such…that…等來引導(dǎo)so+adj./adv.+a/an+n.(單)+thatsuch+a/an+adj./adv.+n.(單)+thatsuch+adj./adv.+n.(復(fù)/不可數(shù))+thateg:It’ssoheavyaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.It’ssuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.名詞前有表示數(shù)量多少的形容詞few/afew/little/alittle/many/much等修飾時(shí)，用so而不用such，但注意little有時(shí)表示的是“小”eg：Suchalittleanimaleatsomuchfood.其中l(wèi)ittle表示的是“小”條件狀語從句條件狀語從句常用if/unless/as(so)longas/onconditionthat/providedthat等來引導(dǎo)?？煞譃檎鎸?shí)條件狀語從句和非真實(shí)條件狀語從句兩種。真實(shí)條件狀語從句：假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生的條件狀語從句，主句一般用將來時(shí)，從句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)且要用陳述語氣。eg:WewillcomeovertoseeyouonWednesdayifwehavetime.非真實(shí)條件狀語從句：假設(shè)的情況發(fā)生的可能性不大或完全是一種空想的條件狀語從句，從句中使用虛擬語氣。eg:Ifwehadhadmoretimeyesterday,wecouldhavedonethework.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句常用so(使得)/that(以便)/sothat(為了)/incase(以免)/lest(以防)/inorderthat等來引導(dǎo)，從句中常有may/might/can/could/should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。eg:Iwilltakearaincoatwithmeincaseitrains.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常用as/justas/asif/asthough等來引導(dǎo)。eg:Themancarriedtheboxawayashew