托福閱讀專題-插入題(五)資料課件

InsertTextQuestionInsertTextQuestion123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)系4Clue2——邏輯關(guān)系5Clue3——結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題出題會確保不會因為這個缺失的句子而影響到全文的大意，缺少的這個句子是可有可無的出題原理：指代線索/邏輯線索/組織結(jié)構(gòu)和語義線索Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落找線索詞并積極對插入句上下文做預(yù)測

從第一個小黑方塊前一句話開始讀，逐一代入進行驗證

插入句必須滿足前后兩條線索，先前再后。（先用前線索再看后線索）Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityandareplanningsizablewind-farmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.有些能源行業(yè)的公司意識到了這個更大的可能性，正在計劃在美國除了加州以外的州建立大型的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站項目。Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.█In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.█MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestate’selectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).█Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestates—NorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.█SomecompaniesinthepowerinClue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,these,their，such,another,other,they,it）必然有所指代指代詞后邊若有名詞短語，則向前尋找名詞短語的同義改寫，指代詞必然有所指代小黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)指代詞，則注意是否有所指代，若無指代，插入句往往放在代詞前的方塊插入句中出現(xiàn)插入語或從句，重點讀主干定冠詞the用于重復(fù)上文提到的事物Clue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,thesWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?■Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears．■Adults'memoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty．■Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents--usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive，suchasbeinghospitalizedorasibling’sbirth.■Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Otherimportantoccasionsareschoolgraduationsandweddings.托福閱讀專題——插入題(五)資料課件■Casesinwhichmanyspeciesbecomeextinctwithinageologicallyshortintervaloftimearecalledmassextinctions.■Therewas

onesucheventattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(around70millionyearsago).■Therewasanother,evenlarger,massextinctionattheendofthePermianperiod(around250millionyearsago).■ThePermianeventhasattractedmuchlessattentionthanothermassextinctionsbecausemostlyunfamiliarspeciesperishedatthattime.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatthesetwoextinctionsresultedfromdrasticenvironmentalchangesthatfollowedmeteoriteimpactsormassivevolcaniceruptions.■Casesinwhichmanyspecies■Accordingly,FrancesetouttoovercomeBritainbyextendingitsmilitarydominationfromMoscowtoLisbon,fromJutlandtoCalabria.■Allofthisentailedtremendousrisk,becauseFrancedidnothavethemilitaryresourcestocontrolthismuchterritoryandstillprotectitselfandmaintainorderathome.■Frenchstrategistscalculatedthatanavyof150shipswouldprovidetheforcenecessarytodefeattheBritishnavy.■ThisadvantagewasdeemednecessarybecauseofBritain’ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnology,andalsobecauseBritainwouldbefightingadefensivewar,allowingittowinwithfewerforces.

SuchaforcewouldgiveFranceathree-to-twoadvantageoverBritain.■Accordingly,FrancesetouttSeveralfactorsaffecttidalranges,includingabruptchangesinatmosphericpressureorprolongedperiodsofextremehighorlowpressure.■Theyarealsoinfluencedbythedensityandvolumeofseawater,variationsinocean-currentvelocities,earthquakes,andthegrowingorshrinkingoftheworld’sglaciers.■Infact,anyofthesefactorsalonecanaltersealevel.■Thegreaterandmorerapidthechangeofwaterlevel,thegreatertheerosiveeffectofthetidalaction,andthusintheamountofmaterialtransportedanddepositedontheshore.■Stormsurges,suchastheheapingupofoceanwaterbyhurricanewinds,areyetanotherfactor.SeveralfactorsaffecttidalrWeallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?■Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.■Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.■Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymouth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.■Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.Thestencilsofhandsfoundinthesesheltersandcavesallowustodrawconclusionsaboutwhichhandwasdominant.WeallknowthatmanymorepeoClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、比較并列遞進：furthermore,also,aswell,too,inaddition,moreover,besides,even,additionally,first,second,third...,notonly...butalso轉(zhuǎn)折：although,conversely,however,instead,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,while因果：therefore,so,asaresult,consequently,accordingly,thus,hence比較：incontrast,onthecontraryClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對比標(biāo)識詞時：轉(zhuǎn)折句中的主語前邊可能提到過

插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)表示原因結(jié)果/總結(jié)結(jié)論標(biāo)識詞時：排除段首位置，注意因果邏輯關(guān)系/總結(jié)結(jié)論句中的元素，必與上一句有所對應(yīng)

Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對比標(biāo)識詞時ThereactionoffarmerstotheinevitabledepletionoftheOgallalavaries.Manyhavebeenattemptingtoconservewaterbyirrigatinglessfrequentlyorbyswitchingtocropsthatrequirelesswater.■Other,however,haveadoptedthephilosophythatitisbesttousethewaterwhileitisstilleconomicallyprofitabletodosoandtoconcentrateonhigh-valuecropssuchascotton.■Theincentiveofthefarmerswhowishtoconservewaterisreducedbytheirknowledgethatmanyoftheirneighborsareprofitingbyusinggreatamountsofwater,andintheprocessaredrawingdowntheentireregion’swatersupplies.■Inthefaceoftheupcomingwatersupplycrisis,anumberofgrandioseschemeshavebeendevelopedtotransportvastquantitiesofwaterbycanalorpipelinefromtheMississippi,theMissouri,ortheArkansasrivers.■Unfortunately,thecostofwaterobtainedthroughanyoftheseschemeswouldincreasepumpingcostsatleasttenfold,makingthecostofirrigatedagriculturalproductsfromtheregionuncompetitiveonthenationalandinternationalmarkets.Butevenifuncooperativefarmersweretojoinintheconservationefforts,thiswouldonlydelaythedepletionoftheaquifer.Thereactionoffarmerstothe

Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.■Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.■Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.■Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.■Therefore,ifthepaintingswereconnectedwithhunting,someotherexplanationisneeded.ThesubjectsofthepaClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維總分結(jié)構(gòu)來論證觀點總分結(jié)構(gòu)——本質(zhì)：先論點，后論證

Clue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維■Fantasyisoneofthemorecommontechniquesinadvertisingthatcouldpossiblymisleadayoungaudience.■Child-orientedadvertisementsaremorelikelytoincludemagicandfantasythanadvertisementsaimedatadults.■InacontentanalysisofCanadiantelevision,theauthorStephenKlineobservedthatnearlyallcommercialsforcharactertoysfeaturedfantasyplay.■Childrenhavestrongimaginationsandtheuseoffantasybringstheirideastolife,butchildrenmaynotbeadeptenoughtorealizethatwhattheyareviewingisunreal.Fantasysituationsandsettingsarefrequentlyusedtoattractchildren'sattention,particularlyinfoodadvertising.Advertisementsforbreakfastcerealshave,formanyyears,beenfoundtobeespeciallyfondoffantasytechniques,withalmostnineoutoftenincludingsuchcontent.Generally,thereisuncertaintyastowhetherveryyoungchildrencandistinguishbetweenfantasyandrealityinadvertising.Certainly,rationalappealsinadvertisingaimedatchildrenarelimited,asmostadvertisementsuseemotionalandindirectappealstopsychologicalstatesorassociations.Anotheraspectofadvertisingthatmayespeciallyinfluencechildrenisfantasy.■FantasyisoneofthemorecoClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分類列舉式段落概述部分作為插入句：概述一般位于段首位置

采用分類列舉式的段落/文章通常以（數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)）的形式出現(xiàn)

概述的標(biāo)示詞：reasons,groups,parts,types,sorts,ways,approaches,features分類列舉式段落列舉部分作為插入句（插入句中出現(xiàn)furthermore,moreover,inaddition,besides,also）：引出段落中一個新的方面，放在對應(yīng)語句之前；插入句中的主語前邊可能提到過。Clue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分類列舉式段落概述部分作為插入句：概述Thechiefproblemwastechnological:HowweretheEuropeanstoreachtheEast?Europe'smaritimetraditionhaddevelopedinthecontextofeasilynavigableseas—theMediterranean,theBaltic,and.toalesserextent,theNorthSeabetweenEnglandandtheContinent—notofvastoceans.Newtypesofshipswereneeded,newmethodsoffindingone'sway,newtechniquesforfinancingsovastascheme.ThesheerscaleoftheinvestmentittooktobegincommercialexpansionatseareflectstheimmensityoftheprofitsthatsuchEast-Westtradecouldcreate.■Spiceswerethemostsought-aftercommodities.■SpicesnotonlydramaticallyimprovedthetasteoftheEuropeandietbutalsowereusedtomanufactureperfumesandcertainmedicines.■Butevenhigh-pricedcommoditieslikespiceshadtobetransportedinlargebulkinordertojustifytheexpenseandtroubleofsailingaroundtheAfricancontinentallthewaytoIndiaandChina.■Theywerehighlyvaluedforacoupleofreasons.ThechiefproblemwastechnoloTheevolutionofflightrequiredradicalalterationinbodyform,butflightprovidesmanybenefits.■Itenhanceshuntingandscavenging:manybirdsexploitflyinginsects,anabundant,highlynutritiousfoodresource.■Flightalsoprovidesreadyescapefromearthboundpredatorsandenablessomebirdstomigrategreatdistancestoutilizedifferentfoodresourcesandseasonalbreedingareas.■Thebirdthattravelsfarthestinitsannualmigrationisthearctictern,whichfliesround-tripbetweentheNorthPoleandSouthPoleeachyear.■Analysesoffossilizedskeletonssupportthehypothesisthattheclosestreptilianrelativesofbirdswerethetheropods,agroupofrelativelysmall,bipedalcarnivorousdinosaurs.Furthermore,migrationallowsbirdstoavoidclimatesthataretoohotortoocoldduringcertainseason.TheevolutionofflightrequirThankyouforyourattention!Thankyouforyourattention!人有了知識，就會具備各種分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我們要勤懇讀書，廣泛閱讀，古人說“書中自有黃金屋?！蓖ㄟ^閱讀科技書籍，我們能豐富知識，培養(yǎng)邏輯思維能力；通過閱讀文學(xué)作品，我們能提高文學(xué)鑒賞水平，培養(yǎng)文學(xué)情趣；通過閱讀報刊，我們能增長見識，擴大自己的知識面。有許多書籍還能培養(yǎng)我們的道德情操，給我們巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我們前進。人有了知識，就會具備各種分析能力，托福閱讀專題——插入題(五)資料課件InsertTextQuestionInsertTextQuestion123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)系4Clue2——邏輯關(guān)系5Clue3——結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系123IntroductionTipsClue1——指代關(guān)Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題出題會確保不會因為這個缺失的句子而影響到全文的大意，缺少的這個句子是可有可無的出題原理：指代線索/邏輯線索/組織結(jié)構(gòu)和語義線索Introduction設(shè)置在文章的倒數(shù)第二題Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落找線索詞并積極對插入句上下文做預(yù)測

從第一個小黑方塊前一句話開始讀，逐一代入進行驗證

插入句必須滿足前后兩條線索，先前再后。（先用前線索再看后線索）Tips做句子插入題必須先讀句子而非先讀段落Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityandareplanningsizablewind-farmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.有些能源行業(yè)的公司意識到了這個更大的可能性，正在計劃在美國除了加州以外的州建立大型的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站項目。Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.█In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.█MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestate’selectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).█Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestates—NorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.█SomecompaniesinthepowerinClue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,these,their，such,another,other,they,it）必然有所指代指代詞后邊若有名詞短語，則向前尋找名詞短語的同義改寫，指代詞必然有所指代小黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)指代詞，則注意是否有所指代，若無指代，插入句往往放在代詞前的方塊插入句中出現(xiàn)插入語或從句，重點讀主干定冠詞the用于重復(fù)上文提到的事物Clue1—指代關(guān)系指代詞（the,this,thesWhatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?■Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears．■Adults'memoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty．■Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents--usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive，suchasbeinghospitalizedorasibling’sbirth.■Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Otherimportantoccasionsareschoolgraduationsandweddings.托福閱讀專題——插入題(五)資料課件■Casesinwhichmanyspeciesbecomeextinctwithinageologicallyshortintervaloftimearecalledmassextinctions.■Therewas

onesucheventattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(around70millionyearsago).■Therewasanother,evenlarger,massextinctionattheendofthePermianperiod(around250millionyearsago).■ThePermianeventhasattractedmuchlessattentionthanothermassextinctionsbecausemostlyunfamiliarspeciesperishedatthattime.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatthesetwoextinctionsresultedfromdrasticenvironmentalchangesthatfollowedmeteoriteimpactsormassivevolcaniceruptions.■Casesinwhichmanyspecies■Accordingly,FrancesetouttoovercomeBritainbyextendingitsmilitarydominationfromMoscowtoLisbon,fromJutlandtoCalabria.■Allofthisentailedtremendousrisk,becauseFrancedidnothavethemilitaryresourcestocontrolthismuchterritoryandstillprotectitselfandmaintainorderathome.■Frenchstrategistscalculatedthatanavyof150shipswouldprovidetheforcenecessarytodefeattheBritishnavy.■ThisadvantagewasdeemednecessarybecauseofBritain’ssuperiorseaskillsandtechnology,andalsobecauseBritainwouldbefightingadefensivewar,allowingittowinwithfewerforces.

SuchaforcewouldgiveFranceathree-to-twoadvantageoverBritain.■Accordingly,FrancesetouttSeveralfactorsaffecttidalranges,includingabruptchangesinatmosphericpressureorprolongedperiodsofextremehighorlowpressure.■Theyarealsoinfluencedbythedensityandvolumeofseawater,variationsinocean-currentvelocities,earthquakes,andthegrowingorshrinkingoftheworld’sglaciers.■Infact,anyofthesefactorsalonecanaltersealevel.■Thegreaterandmorerapidthechangeofwaterlevel,thegreatertheerosiveeffectofthetidalaction,andthusintheamountofmaterialtransportedanddepositedontheshore.■Stormsurges,suchastheheapingupofoceanwaterbyhurricanewinds,areyetanotherfactor.SeveralfactorsaffecttidalrWeallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?■Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.■Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.■Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymouth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.■Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.Thestencilsofhandsfoundinthesesheltersandcavesallowustodrawconclusionsaboutwhichhandwasdominant.WeallknowthatmanymorepeoClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、比較并列遞進：furthermore,also,aswell,too,inaddition,moreover,besides,even,additionally,first,second,third...,notonly...butalso轉(zhuǎn)折：although,conversely,however,instead,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,while因果：therefore,so,asaresult,consequently,accordingly,thus,hence比較：incontrast,onthecontraryClue2—邏輯關(guān)系常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對比標(biāo)識詞時：轉(zhuǎn)折句中的主語前邊可能提到過

插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)表示原因結(jié)果/總結(jié)結(jié)論標(biāo)識詞時：排除段首位置，注意因果邏輯關(guān)系/總結(jié)結(jié)論句中的元素，必與上一句有所對應(yīng)

Clue2—邏輯關(guān)系插入句或黑方塊附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折對比標(biāo)識詞時ThereactionoffarmerstotheinevitabledepletionoftheOgallalavaries.Manyhavebeenattemptingtoconservewaterbyirrigatinglessfrequentlyorbyswitchingtocropsthatrequirelesswater.■Other,however,haveadoptedthephilosophythatitisbesttousethewaterwhileitisstilleconomicallyprofitabletodosoandtoconcentrateonhigh-valuecropssuchascotton.■Theincentiveofthefarmerswhowishtoconservewaterisreducedbytheirknowledgethatmanyoftheirneighborsareprofitingbyusinggreatamountsofwater,andintheprocessaredrawingdowntheentireregion’swatersupplies.■Inthefaceoftheupcomingwatersupplycrisis,anumberofgrandioseschemeshavebeendevelopedtotransportvastquantitiesofwaterbycanalorpipelinefromtheMississippi,theMissouri,ortheArkansasrivers.■Unfortunately,thecostofwaterobtainedthroughanyoftheseschemeswouldincreasepumpingcostsatleasttenfold,makingthecostofirrigatedagriculturalproductsfromtheregionuncompetitiveonthenationalandinternationalmarkets.Butevenifuncooperativefarmersweretojoinintheconservationefforts,thiswouldonlydelaythedepletionoftheaquifer.Thereactionoffarmerstothe

Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.■Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.■Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.■Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.■Therefore,ifthepaintingswereconnectedwithhunting,someotherexplanationisneeded.ThesubjectsofthepaClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維總分結(jié)構(gòu)來論證觀點總分結(jié)構(gòu)——本質(zhì)：先論點，后論證

Clue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系西方人的思維■Fantasyisoneofthemorecommontechniquesinadvertisingthatcouldpossiblymisleadayoungaudience.■Child-orientedadvertisementsaremorelikelytoincludemagicandfantasythanadvertisementsaimedatadults.■InacontentanalysisofCanadiantelevision,theauthorStephenKlineobservedthatnearlyallcommercialsforcharactertoysfeaturedfantasyplay.■Childrenhavestrongimaginationsandtheuseoffantasybringstheirideastolife,butchildrenmaynotbeadeptenoughtorealizethatwhattheyareviewingisunreal.Fantasysituationsandsettingsarefrequentlyusedtoattractchildren'sattention,particularlyinfoodadvertising.Advertisementsforbreakfastcerealshave,formanyyears,beenfoundtobeespeciallyfondoffantasytechniques,withalmostnineoutoftenincludingsuchcontent.Generally,thereisuncertaintyastowhetherveryyoungchildrencandistinguishbetweenfantasyandrealityinadvertising.Certainly,rationalappealsinadvertisingaimedatchildrenarelimited,asmostadvertisementsuseemotionalandindirectappealstopsychologicalstatesorassociations.Anotheraspectofadvertisingthatmayespeciallyinfluencechildrenisfantasy.■FantasyisoneofthemorecoClue3—結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分類列舉式段落概述部分作為插入句：概述一般位于段首位置

采用分類列舉式的段落/文章通常以（數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)）的形式出