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09考研英語閱讀理解精讀篇新東方印建坤第一篇EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficialshavedeterminedthattwokindsofgeneticallymodifiedcorncouldharmbutterflies,affectfoodchainsanddisturblifeinriversandstreams,andtheyhaveproposedabanonthesaleoftheseeds,whicharemadebyDuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta.ThepreliminarydecisionsarecirculatingwithintheEuropeanCommission,whichhasthefinalsay.SomeofficialsthereareskepticalofabanthatwouldupsetthepowerfulbiotechnologyindustryandcouldexacerbatetensionswithimportanttradingpartnersliketheUnitedStates.TheseedsarenotavailableontheEuropeanmarketforcultivation.Inthedecisions,theenvironmentcommissioner,StavrosDimas,contendsthatthegeneticallymodifiedcorn,ormaizecouldaffectcertainbutterflyspecies,specificallythemonarch,andotherbeneficialinsects.Forinstance,researchthisyearindicatesthatlarvaeofthemonarchbutterflyexposedtothegeneticallymodifiedcorn''behavedifferentlythanotherlarvae.''InthedecisionconcerningthecornseedsproducedbyDowandPioneer,Mr.Dimascalls''potentialdamageontheenvironmentirreversible.''InthedecisiononSyngenta'scorn,hesaysthat''thelevelofriskgeneratedbythecultivationofthisproductfortheenvironmentisunacceptable.''AdecisionbytheEuropeanUniontobarcultivationofthegeneticallymodifiedcropswouldbethefirstofitskindinthetradebloc,andwouldintensifythecontinuingbattleovergeneticallymodifiedcorn.BanningtheapplicationsforcorncropsalsowouldmarkaboldnewstepforEuropeanenvironmentalauthorities,whoarealreadyaggressivelypursuingregulationsonemissionsfromcarsandaircraft,settingitatoddswiththeUnitedStatesandangeringindustries.''TheseproductshavebeengrownintheU.S.andothercountriesforyears,''saidStephenNorton,aspokesmanfortheUnitedStatestraderepresentative.''Wearenotawareofanyothercasewhenaproducthasbeenrejectedafterhavingbeenreviewedanddeterminedsafe''byEuropeanfoodsafetyauthorities,hesaid.BarbaraHelfferich,aspokeswomanforMr.Dimas,declinedtocommentonthespecificsoftheprocedurebecausecommissionershadnotyetmadeafinaldecision.ButshesaidthattheEuropeanUnionwaswithinitsrightstomakedecisionsbasedonthe''precautionaryprinciple''evenwhenscientistshadfoundnodefinitiveevidenceprovingproductscancauseharm.ShesaidthatthedecisionsbyMr.Dimascouldgobeforethecommissionwithinafewweeks,butshesaidthatnodatehadbeenset.Inthedecisions,Mr.Dimascitedrecentresearchshowingthatconsumptionofgeneticallymodified''cornbyproductsreducedgrowthandincreasedmortalityofnontargetstreaminsects''andthattheseinsects''areimportantpreyforaquaticandriparianpredators''andthatthiscouldhave''unexpectedecosystem-scaleconsequences.''Althoughstillpreliminary,hisdecisionscoulddrasticallytiltthepolicyagainstfutureapprovalsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,saidNathalieMoll,aspokeswomanforEuropabio,anindustrygroupwith80membersincludingSyngenta,PioneerandDow.EuropabiosaysthatthecropsgrownusingthegeneticallymodifiedcornarealreadyimportedintoseveralEuropeancountries,includingFranceandGermany,wheretheyareusedtofeedanimalslikecowsandchickens.RobGianfranceschi,spokesmanattheUnitedStatesmissiontotheEuropeanUnioninBrussels,saiditwastooearlytocommentonadecisionthathadnotyetbeenformalized.ButhemadeclearthattheUnitedStatesremainedfrustratedwithEuropeanpoliciesongeneticallymodifiedcrops.1.Thepreliminarydecisionsaremadeby_____.[A]DuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta[B]EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficials[C]EuropeanCommision[D]StarvrosDimas2.Tothedecisions,theEuropeanCommissionofficials’attitudesare_____.[A]skeptical[B]controversial[C]contradictory[D]divergent3.Aboutthedecisions,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?[A]Thedecisionsaimstoputabanthesaleoftheseedsofgeneticallymodifiedcornduetopoliticalandbiologicalconcerns.[B]ThedecisionsarewarmlyembracedbyallEUmembersbutbitterlyrejectedbytheirtradepartners.[C]Thedecisionscouldprobablybemadeevenifnodefinitiveevidenceprovingtheproductsharmfulisfound.[D]thereishighpossibilitythatthedecisionswouldbeapprovedbytheEuropeanCommission.4.Mr.Dimascitedmanyresearchesonthegeneticallymodifiedcorninhisdecisioninorderto_____.[A]dispelsomeofficials’doubtonhisdecisions[B]enhancethestrengthofhisdecision-making[C]demonstratethelatestachievementofhisdecision[D]assurethattheycanbepresentedbeforethecommissionwithsolidevidence5.Theword“tilt”(Line1,Paragraph6)mostprobablymeans_____.[A]incline[B]affect[C]induce[D]evoke文章剖析:這篇文章介紹了聯(lián)合國環(huán)境官員就轉(zhuǎn)基因食品提出的決議的一些情況。第一段介紹該決議目前在歐洲委員會(huì)中流傳;第二段是環(huán)境專員具體在其決議中的觀點(diǎn);第三段講述如果該決議落實(shí)將會(huì)是首例;第四段是美國貿(mào)易代表發(fā)言人的觀點(diǎn);第五段講述Dimas先生決議的一些情況;第六段、第七段是其他人和機(jī)構(gòu)的一些觀點(diǎn)。詞匯注釋:geneticallyadv.基因地exacerbatev.惡化,使加劇monarchn.黑脈金斑蝶larvaen.幼蟲aquaticadj.水生的riparianadj.河邊的,水濱的predatorn.掠奪者,捕食其他動(dòng)物的的動(dòng)物難句突破:(1)EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficialshavedeterminedthattwokindsofgeneticallymodifiedcorncouldharmbutterflies,affectfoodchainsanddisturblifeinriversandstreams,andtheyhaveproposedabanonthesaleoftheseeds,whicharemadebyDuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta.[主體句式]EUenvironmentalofficialshavedeterminedthat…andtheyhaveproposed…[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]該句是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜句。前一個(gè)分句帶有賓語從句,賓語從句的謂語是三個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞;后一個(gè)分句中,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是用來修飾theseeds的。(2)Inthedecisions,Mr.Dimascitedrecentresearchshowingthatconsumptionofgeneticallymodified''cornbyproductsreducedgrowthandincreasedmortalityofnontargetstreaminsects''andthattheseinsects''areimportantpreyforaquaticandriparianpredators''andthatthiscouldhave''unexpectedecosystem-scaleconsequences.''[主體句式]Mr.Dimascitedrecentresearch…[句子結(jié)構(gòu)]該句是一個(gè)簡單句,賓語research后面的現(xiàn)代分詞是它的定語,該現(xiàn)代分詞結(jié)構(gòu)看似復(fù)雜,其實(shí)是三個(gè)并列的that引導(dǎo)的從句構(gòu)成的。[句子譯文]在這些決定中,Dimas引用了最近的一些研究,這些研究表明轉(zhuǎn)基因“谷物副產(chǎn)品”消費(fèi)“抑制生長,增加nontarget昆蟲死亡率”,而且這些昆蟲“是水生動(dòng)物重要的食物”,因此這可能有“未預(yù)料到的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)規(guī)模的后果”。題目分析:1.Thepreliminarydecisionsaremadeby_____.1.這些決議是由_____擬定的。[A]DuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta[A]DuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta[B]EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficials[B]歐盟環(huán)境官員[C]EuropeanCommision[C]歐洲委員會(huì)[D]StarvrosDimas[D]StarvrosDimas[答案]D[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。本題具有一定的難度,文章一開頭就提到歐盟環(huán)境官員確定了一些事實(shí),并且建議要禁止銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的種子。然后就提到?jīng)Q議在歐盟委員會(huì)中間流傳。這樣感覺仿佛是這些官員擬定的決議,但從文章下面的論述多次提到Dimas先生在決議中的觀點(diǎn),第六段也提到他的決議雖然是初步的但可能有很大影響。由此看來,該決議是Dimas先生提出的可能性大,答案為D。2.Tothedecisions,theEuropeanCommissionofficials’attitudesare
_____.2.歐洲委員會(huì)官員對于這些決議的態(tài)度為_____。[A]skeptical[A]懷疑的[B]controversial[B]有爭議的[C]contradictory[C]矛盾的[D]divergent[D]有分歧的[答案]D[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推理題。文章第一段提到這些決議目前在歐洲委員會(huì)中間流傳,一些官員對禁令表示懷疑,主要害怕禁令會(huì)影響外交關(guān)系。而從文章下面的部分可以看出,這些決議仿佛在歐洲委員會(huì)中間得到一些支持,那么可以這些官員所持的態(tài)度是有分歧的。選項(xiàng)D最為符合題意。B選項(xiàng)有一定的合理性和迷惑性,但是相比D選項(xiàng)顯得不夠準(zhǔn)確。3.Aboutthedecisions,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?3.關(guān)于這些決定,以下陳述中哪一個(gè)是正確的?[A]Thedecisionsaimtoputabanthesaleoftheseedsofgeneticallymodifiedcornduetopoliticalandbiologicalconcerns.[A]這些決定禁止出售轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物的種子主要是出于政治和生物上的原因。[B]ThedecisionsarewarmlyembracedbyallEUmembersbutbitterlyrejectedbytheirtradepartners.[B]這些決議受到歐盟成員國的熱情歡迎,但是卻遭到了貿(mào)易國的反感和拒絕。[C]Thedecisionscouldprobablybemadeevenifnodefinitiveevidenceprovingtheproductsharmfulisfound.[C]即使找不到可以證明這些產(chǎn)品有害的確鑿證據(jù),這些決議也可以通過。[D]thereishighpossibilitythatthedecisionswouldbeapprovedbytheEuropeanCommission.[D]這些決議由歐洲委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)的可能性非常大。[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A,從全文可以看出,這些決議只是初步擬定的,還沒有最后確定,而且文章也沒有明確說明是否同時(shí)處于政治和生物上的考慮。因此該選項(xiàng)不正確。選項(xiàng)B,文章并沒有提到是否歐盟所有成員國都對該項(xiàng)決議表示熱情歡迎;選項(xiàng)C,文章第五段Dimas先生的發(fā)言人談到了這一點(diǎn),說即使沒有確鑿證據(jù),歐洲委員會(huì)可以基于“預(yù)防原則”做出決定,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的;D,目前該決議還未有明確說法,該選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,答案為C。4.Mr.Dimascitedmanyresearchesonthegeneticallymodifiedcorninhisdecisionsinorderto_____.4.Dimas先生在其決議中引用了許多關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物的研究,他這樣做是為了___。[A]dispelsomeofficials’doubtonhisdecisions[A]打消一些官員對她決議的疑慮。[B]enhancethestrengthofhisdecision-making[B]使自己的決議更有說服力。[C]showthelatestachievementsontheresearch[C]展示這方面研究最新的成果。[D]demonstratethelatestachievementofhisdecision[D]表明他的最新決議進(jìn)展。[答案]B[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推理題。Dimas先生在其擬定的決議中多次引用了關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的研究,其目的是證實(shí)自己的決議是有根據(jù)的,這樣就更有說服力。選項(xiàng)A,他自己擬定決議在先,這些官員懷疑在后,擬訂時(shí)不一定存在這種想法;D,這不是其主要的目的。因此,A最為恰當(dāng)。5.Theword“tilt”(Line1,Paragraph6)mostprobablymeans_____.5.“tilt”一詞(第六段第一行)最有可能的意思是_____。[A]incline[A]使傾向于[B]affect[B]影響[C]induce[C]導(dǎo)致,引起[D]evoke[D]引起,博得[答案]A[難度系數(shù)]☆☆[分析]猜詞題。根據(jù)上下文意思“Althoughstillpreliminary,hisdecisionscoulddrasticallytiltthepolicyagainstfutureapprovalsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,saidNathalieMoll,aspokeswomanforEuropabio,anindustrygroupwith80membersincludingSyngenta,PioneerandDow”,盡管他的決議還是初步的,但是卻能夠讓政策傾向于反對未來批準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。答案中A最為符合。參考譯文:歐盟環(huán)境官員已經(jīng)確定有兩種轉(zhuǎn)基因作物會(huì)傷害蝴蝶、影響食物鏈、妨害水游生物。他們還建議禁止出售該類種子,這些種子由DuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciences和Syngenta研制的。初步?jīng)Q議在歐盟委員會(huì)中通報(bào),由該委員會(huì)做出最后決定。該禁令對蓬勃發(fā)展的生物技術(shù)業(yè)是一個(gè)打擊,也可能會(huì)惡化與重要貿(mào)易伙伴(如美國)的緊張關(guān)系,因此一些官員持懷疑態(tài)度。目前在歐洲培育市場還沒有銷售這些種子。在決議中,環(huán)境專員StavrosDimas稱轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物或玉米可能對一些蝴蝶品種有害,尤其是黑脈金斑蝶,對于其他一些益蟲也有害。比如,今年的一項(xiàng)研究表明在轉(zhuǎn)基因谷類中的黑脈金斑蝶的幼蟲“和其他幼蟲表現(xiàn)不一樣?!痹陉P(guān)于Dow和Pioneer公司生產(chǎn)的種子的決議中,Dimas先生認(rèn)為“對環(huán)境潛在的危害是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的?!倍蚐yngenta生產(chǎn)的谷物,他說“培育這種產(chǎn)品帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級別對環(huán)境來說是不能接受的?!睔W盟決定禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的種植,這是在貿(mào)易集團(tuán)中的首例,也將激化就轉(zhuǎn)基因作物一直進(jìn)行的斗爭。禁止將該技術(shù)用于谷物作物也標(biāo)志著歐洲環(huán)境機(jī)構(gòu)大膽邁出新的一步,該環(huán)境機(jī)構(gòu)一直在大膽地就汽車和飛機(jī)排放制定規(guī)則,這次將自己和美國以及充滿怒氣的工廠置于紛爭。“這些產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)在美國和其他國家生長數(shù)年了,”美國貿(mào)易代表發(fā)言人斯蒂芬·諾頓這樣說,“我們還不知道有這樣的先例,那就是一種產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)為歐洲衛(wèi)生安全機(jī)構(gòu)審查并經(jīng)過安全確定,現(xiàn)在卻又被否定?!盌imas先生的女發(fā)言人BarbaraHelfferich不愿意就程序的細(xì)節(jié)作評論,因?yàn)槲瘑T們還未做出最后決定。但是她說歐盟有權(quán)利基于“預(yù)防原則”做出決定,即使是科學(xué)家并未發(fā)現(xiàn)確定證據(jù)可以證明該產(chǎn)品有害。她說Dimas先生的決定在未來幾周內(nèi)就可在委員會(huì)前出臺,但是具體日期還未確定。在這些決定中,Dimas引用了最近的一些研究,這些研究表明轉(zhuǎn)基因“谷物副產(chǎn)品”消費(fèi)“抑制生長,增加nontarget昆蟲死亡率”,而且這些昆蟲“是水生動(dòng)物重要的食物”,因此這可能有“未預(yù)料到的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)規(guī)模的后果”。盡管他的決定還是初步的,但是卻會(huì)極大傾斜針對同意未來轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物的政策,這是Europabio女發(fā)言人NathalieMoll的觀點(diǎn),Europabio是擁有80名成員的一個(gè)工業(yè)組織,Syngenta,PioneerandDow都是其成員。Europabio稱運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物生長的作物已經(jīng)進(jìn)口到幾個(gè)歐洲國家,包括法國和德國,用于飼養(yǎng)牛、雞這樣的喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。赴歐盟的美國發(fā)言人RobGianfranceschi稱目前就還未正式成立的決定作評論還為時(shí)尚早,但是他明確表示美國對于歐洲對轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物的政策表示失望。第二篇Whenthereisbloodinthewater,itisonlynaturalthatdorsalfinsswirlaroundexcitedly.NowthatAmerica'shousingmarketisailing,predatorshavetheirsightsonthecountry'scredit-cardmarket.AnalystsatGoldmanSachsreckonthatcredit-cardlossescouldreach$99billionifcontagionspreadsfromsubprimemortgagestootherformsofconsumercredit.Signsofstrainareclearlyvisible.Therearerisesinboththecharge-offanddelinquencyrates,whichmeasuretheshareofbalancesthatareuncollectableormorethan30dayslaterespectively.HSBCannouncedlastmonththatithadtakena$1.4billionchargeinitsAmericanconsumer-financebusiness,partlybecauseofweaknessamongcardborrowers.Itistooearlytopanic,though.Charge-offsanddelinquenciesarestilllow.AccordingtoMoody's,aratingagency,thethird-quarterdelinquencyrateof3.89%wasalmostafullpercentagepointbelowthehistoricalaverage.Thedeteriorationinratescanbepartlyexplainedbytechnicalfactors.AchangeinAmerica'spersonal-bankruptcylawsin2005ledtoanabruptfallinbankruptcyfilings,whichinturnaccountforabigchunkofcredit-cardlosses;thenumberoffilings(andthuscharge-offrates)wouldberisingagain,whetherornotoverallconditionsforborrowersweregettingworse.Theindustryalsoreportssolidpaymentrates,whichshowhowmuchoftheirdebtconsumerspayoffeachmonth.Andconfidenceincredit-cardasset-backedsecuritiesisprettyfirmdespiteparalysisinothercornersofstructuredfinance.DennisMoroneyofTowerGroup,aresearchfirm,predictsthatissuancevolumesfor2007willendupbeing25%higherthanlastyear.Directchannelsofinfectionbetweenthesubprime-mortgagecrisisandthecredit-cardmarketcertainlyexist:consumersarelikeliertoloaduponcredit-carddebtnowthathome-equityloansaredryingup.Butcardissuerslookatcashflowratherthanassetvalues,sofallinghousepricesdonotnecessarilytriggerachangeinborrowers'creditworthiness.Theymayevenworktoissuers'advantage.Theincentivesforconsumerstokeeppayingthemortgagedecreaseifpropertiesareworthlessthanthevalueoftheloan;carddebtriseshigherupthelistofrepaymentprioritiesasaresult.Cardissuersarealsoabletorespondmuchmoreswiftlyandflexiblytostormierconditionsthanmortgagelendersare,bychanginginterestratesoralteringcreditlimits.Thatshouldintheoryreducetheriskofarapidrepricingofassets.“Wearenotgoingtowakeuponedayandtotallyrevaluetheloans,”saysGaryPerlin,CapitalOne'schieffinancialofficer.Ifasuddensubprime-stylemeltdowninthecredit-cardmarketisimprobable,therisksofasustaineddownturnaremuchmorereal.IflowerhousepricesandacontractionincreditpushAmericaintorecession,theindustrywillundoubtedlyfaceagrimmerfuture.Keepwatchingforthosedorsalfins.1.Theauthormakesmentionofdorsalfinswhichareirrelevanttothetopicinorderto_____.[A]makepeoplealerttothepotentialdanger[B]attractthereaders’attentionbypresentinganinterestingphenomenon[C]makepeoplerealizethegravenessoftheissuebyshowingasimilarcase[D]makethepassagemorevividbyimpartingnewknowledgetoreaders2.Risesinthecharge-offanddelinquencyrateindicate_____.[A]thedeteriorationofthesubprimemortgage[B]theinadequateabilityofcardborrowers[C]theinfluenceofthetechnicalfactors[D]thechangeinrelevantlaws3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,thenumberofbankruptcyfillingswouldberisingagainbecause_____.[A]thereisachangeinAmerica’spersonal-bankruptcylaws[B]thecharge-offsanddelinquenciesarestilllow[C]theinfluenceofthepersonal-bankruptcylawshasbeendigested[D]theoverallconditionsforborrowersaregettingworse4.Thesubprime-mortgagecrisisinfluncesthecredit-cardmarketinthat_____.[A]thefallofassetvaluesaffectsthecardborrowers’creditworthiness[B]thedecreaseinthemortgagepaymentleadstotherisesofthecarddebt[C]thedryingupofthehome-equityloansspurconsumers’incectivestorepaythecarddebt[D]thefallinghousepricesmakesthecarddebtrisinghigher5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecredit-cardmarketwillmorelikelybethreatenedby_____.[A]agradualdownwardtendency[B]arapidcollapse[C]asustainedtrendofloweringprice[D]theaccumulationofeconomicrecession文章剖析:這篇文章分析了美國次級抵押貸款危機(jī)可能影響到的信用卡市場。第一段指出信用卡市場已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)疲軟跡象;第二段、第三段通過分析表示信用卡市場危機(jī)并未確定,不需要過于恐慌;第四段指出次級抵押危機(jī)與信用卡市場之間的傳染渠道;第五段指出信用卡規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的優(yōu)勢;第六段指出信用卡市場更趨于經(jīng)歷持續(xù)低迷的情況。詞匯注釋:dorsalfinn.[動(dòng)物]背鰭ailingadj.景況不佳的,生病的contagionn.傳染,傳染病,蔓延charge-offn.損耗delinquencyn.逾期債款難句突破:(1)Therearerisesinboththecharge-offanddelinquencyrates,whichmeasuretheshareofbalancesthatareuncollectableormorethan30dayslaterespectively.[主體句式]Therearerisesin…[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)簡單句,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是修飾前面的thecharge-offanddelinquencyrates;在該定語從句中還有定語從句修飾theshareofbalances,在該定語從句中,前半個(gè)句子對應(yīng)修飾thecharge-offrates,后半個(gè)句子是個(gè)省略句,對應(yīng)修飾thedelinquencyrates.[句子譯文]損耗率和逾期債款率都上升了,這兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)分別代表收不回來的收支差額的份額和晚了30天的份額。(2)AchangeinAmerica'spersonal-bankruptcylawsin2005ledtoanabruptfallinbankruptcyfilings,whichinturnaccountforabigchunkofcredit-cardlosses;thenumberoffilings(andthuscharge-offrates)wouldberisingagain,whetherornotoverallconditionsforborrowersweregettingworse.[主體句式]Achangeledtoanabruptfall;thenumberwouldberising.[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句,分號將前后兩個(gè)句子隔開。前面句子中,賓語帶有which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句;后面句子是帶有方式狀語從句的復(fù)雜句。[句子譯文]2005年美國個(gè)人破產(chǎn)法的一個(gè)改動(dòng)使得破產(chǎn)登記急速下降,而后引起了信用卡大規(guī)模的虧損。破產(chǎn)登記數(shù)量(隨之的charge-off率)可以重新上升,不管貸款人的整體狀況是否變得更糟糕了。題目分析:1.Theauthormakesmentionofdorsalfinswhichareirrelevanttothetopicinorderto_____.1.
背鰭與本文主題無關(guān),作者提到背鰭是為了_____。[A]makepeoplealerttothepotentialdanger[A]提醒人們注意潛在的危險(xiǎn)[B]attractthereaders’attentionbypresentinganinterestingphenomenon[B]通過描述一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象來吸引讀者的眼球[C]makepeoplerealizethegravenessoftheissuebyshowingasimilarcase[C]通過一個(gè)類似的案例讓人們意識到事情的嚴(yán)重性[D]makethepassagemorevividbyimpartingnewknowledgetoreaders[D]通過向讀者傳授新的知識來使得文章更生動(dòng)[答案]A[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推理題。文章在首尾都提到了背鰭。開頭提到一旦水中有血,背鰭就會(huì)變得興奮起來,接著就提到美國房地產(chǎn)衰退后,捕食者將目光轉(zhuǎn)移到信用卡市場。末尾提到要留心背鰭??梢钥闯觯髡咛岬奖出捠且环N隱喻,意味著危險(xiǎn),因此選項(xiàng)A比較符合題意。2.Risesinthecharge-offanddelinquencyrateindicate_____.2.損耗率和逾期債款率的升高意味著_____。[A]
thedeteriorationofthesubprimemortgage[A]次級抵押貸款惡化[B]
theinadequateabilityofcardborrowers[B]信用卡借貸人還貸能力較弱[C]
theinfluenceofthetechnicalfactors[C]技術(shù)因素的影響[D]thechangeinrelevantlaws[D]相關(guān)法律的變化[答案]B[難度系數(shù)]☆☆[分析]推理題。文章在第一段提到,信用卡市場的疲軟跡象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn),接著就提到這兩個(gè)數(shù)字,損耗率和逾期債款率分別代表無法收回來的收支差額的份額和晚付了30天的份額,接著還舉例說香港匯豐銀行的14億美元費(fèi)用就是部分因?yàn)樾庞每ń杩钊藘斶€能力較弱。因此,這兩項(xiàng)升高表明信用卡市場出現(xiàn)問題。A不符合;B,是信用卡市場問題;CD在第二段提到,是引起這兩項(xiàng)升高的部分原因所在。因此,答案為B。3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,thenumberofbankruptcyfillingswouldberisingagainbecause_____.2.
根據(jù)第三段,破產(chǎn)申請數(shù)量會(huì)再次增多是因?yàn)開____。[A]thereisachangeinAmerica’spersonal-bankruptcylaws[A]美國個(gè)人破產(chǎn)法發(fā)生了變化[B]thecharge-offsanddelinquenciesarestilllow[B]損耗率和逾期債款率還很低[C]theinfluenceofthechangeinthepersonal-bankruptcylawshasbeendigested[C]個(gè)人貸款法律變化的影響已經(jīng)被消化了[D]theoverallconditionsforborrowersaregettingworse[D]貸款人整體的情形趨于糟糕[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推理題。文章第三段最后提到不管貸款人整體的情況是否變壞,破產(chǎn)申請數(shù)量都會(huì)再次增多。前面又提到是因?yàn)?005年美國個(gè)人破產(chǎn)法有一定變化,破產(chǎn)申請才急劇降低,而后引發(fā)了信用卡市場的一些問題。因此,這項(xiàng)法律實(shí)行一段時(shí)間后,大家已經(jīng)消化了這個(gè)變化,趨勢又會(huì)恢復(fù)正常。答案C最為貼切。4.Thesubprime-mortgagecrisisinfluncesthecredit-cardmarketinthat_____.3.
次級抵押貸款危機(jī)影響信用卡市場在于_____。[A]thefallofassetvaluesaffectsthecardborrowers’creditworthiness[A]資產(chǎn)價(jià)值的降低影響了信用卡借款人的信用度[B]thedecreaseinthemortgagepaymentleadstotherisesofthecarddebt[B]抵押支付的減少導(dǎo)致了信用卡貸款的增加。[C]thedryingupofthehome-equityloansspurconsumers’incectivestorepaythecarddebt[C]家庭資產(chǎn)貸款的衰竭激發(fā)消費(fèi)者償還信用卡貸款的積極性。[D]thefallinghousepricesmakesthecarddebtrisinghigher[D]房屋價(jià)格的下降使得信用卡貸款增加了更多。[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段提到次級抵押貸款危機(jī)和信用卡市場之間有直接感染的通道,因?yàn)榧彝ベY產(chǎn)貸款衰竭,借款人就更愿意把信用卡的貸款償還清;而且因?yàn)榉课莸膬r(jià)格比貸款還低,大家就不愿意還房屋抵押貸款,因此信用卡貸款償還在償還方面位居前列。選項(xiàng)中C符合這種推理,為正確答案。5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecredit-cardmarketwillmorelikelybethreatenedby_____.5.依作者來看,信用卡市場更可能受到_____的威脅。[A]agradualdownwardtendency[A]緩慢的衰退趨勢[B]arapidcollapse[B]快速的崩潰[C]asustainedtrendofloweringprices[C]價(jià)格持續(xù)走低[D]theaccumulationofeconomicrecession[D]經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退日趨嚴(yán)重[答案]A[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一段指出,次級抵押貸款式的突然垮臺可能不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在信用卡市場,更容易出現(xiàn)的是一種持續(xù)不斷的低迷。因此,信用卡市場更可能受到這種緩慢的低迷趨勢的影響。答案A最為符合題意。參考譯文:如果水中有血的話,那么自然地背鰭就會(huì)興奮地游來游去。現(xiàn)在美國的房產(chǎn)市場景況不佳,掠奪者就把目光轉(zhuǎn)向了這個(gè)國家的信用卡體系。GoldmanSachs的分析師們認(rèn)為如果這種趨勢從次級抵押擴(kuò)散到消費(fèi)者信用的其他形式的話,那么信用卡損失可能要達(dá)到990億美元。目前這種趨緊的跡象已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)。損耗率和逾期債款率都上升了,這兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)分別代表收不回來的收支差額的份額和晚了30天的份額。匯豐銀行上個(gè)月宣布在美國消費(fèi)者金融行業(yè)的抵押款為14億美元,部分原因就在于信用卡貸款人的弱勢。但現(xiàn)在恐慌還為時(shí)尚早。Chargeoffs和逾期債款率還不是很高。據(jù)一家評估機(jī)構(gòu)Moody's估算,第三季度3.89%的逾期債款率比歷史平均值還低整整一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。比率變差部分是由于技術(shù)原因。2005年美國個(gè)人破產(chǎn)法的一個(gè)改動(dòng)使得破產(chǎn)登記急速下降,而后引起了信用卡大規(guī)模的虧損。破產(chǎn)登記數(shù)量(隨之的chargeoff率)可以重新上升,不管貸款人的整體狀況是否變得更糟糕了。該行業(yè)還報(bào)告了真正的支付率,就是表示有多少貸款消費(fèi)者每個(gè)月還清貸款了。盡管在其他結(jié)構(gòu)性金融部分出現(xiàn)了癱瘓,但是對信用卡負(fù)債支持的有價(jià)證券信心還是堅(jiān)定的。一家研究機(jī)構(gòu)TowerGroup的工作人員DennisMoroney預(yù)計(jì)2007年發(fā)行數(shù)量最后將比去年高出25%。次級抵押危機(jī)和信用卡市場之間存在直接的傳染通道,既然家庭資產(chǎn)貸款就衰竭了,消費(fèi)者更傾向于將信用卡的貸款貸滿。但是信用卡發(fā)行人看到的是現(xiàn)金流動(dòng)而不是資產(chǎn)價(jià)值,因此房產(chǎn)價(jià)格的下降并不一定會(huì)帶來貸款人信用度的改變,甚至?xí)欣诎l(fā)行人。如果消費(fèi)者的財(cái)產(chǎn)還沒有貸款的金額高,那么消費(fèi)者一直支付抵押貸款的動(dòng)機(jī)就會(huì)削弱,最后信用卡貸款就會(huì)成為償還款項(xiàng)的最首位。信用卡發(fā)行人也可以在遇到更為嚴(yán)峻的情況時(shí),通過改變利率或信用額度,比房屋抵押借款人作出反應(yīng)更快、更靈活些。這在理論上可以降低資產(chǎn)快速重新定價(jià)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。“我們不希望有天一睜開眼就得全部重新估算貸款,”CapitalOne的首席金融官員GaryPerlin這樣說。如果在信用卡市場中那種次級抵押式的突如其來的徹底崩潰是不可能的話,那么持續(xù)低迷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是更為真實(shí)的。如果房產(chǎn)低價(jià)格和信貸緊縮將美國引致衰退,那么該行業(yè)將會(huì)面臨更慘淡的未來。時(shí)刻留心那些背鰭吧。第三篇RichardBurtonprobablyknewnothingofthesmallSouthAfricantownofCullinanwhenheboughtyetanotherchunkydiamondforElizabethTaylorin1969.NowtheCullinanmineitself,likesomanyofthediamondsunearthedthere,isabouttochangehands.OnNovember22ndDeBeers,thediamondgiantthathasownedtheminesince1930,saiditwassellingittoaconsortiumledbyPetraDiamonds,oneofSouthAfrica'semergingdiamondproducers,for1billionrandincash.Providedregulatorsapprovethedeal,thetransfershouldtakeplacebythemiddleofnextyear.DeBeersissellingbecausethemineisnolongerprofitable,despiteattemptstoturnitaround.ButPetrareckonstheminestillhasanother20yearsofproductioninitandplanstoextractatleast1mcaratsayear.Theunexploited“CentenaryCut”deposit,whichliesundertheexistingmine,couldyieldalotmore.Thisisgoodnewsforthemine's1,000orsoemployeesandforthetown,whichhasdependedonthediamondbusinesssinceSirThomasCullinandiscoveredaprospecttherein1898thatcontainedkimberlite,arockthatcanberichindiamonds.Themine,establishedin1903,isoneof30orsokimberlitediamondminesintheworld,andisbelievedtobestilltheworld'ssecond-most-valuablediamondresourcePetraisarelativelysmalloutfit,listedonLondon'sAlternativeInvestmentMarket,thatspecialisesinbuyingminesthatbiggercompaniesseeasmarginal.Itstrickistoextractbetterreturnsbyrationalisingproductionandprocessing,andkeepingoperatingcostsandoverheadsdown.PetrahasalreadyboughttwoofDeBeers'sloss-makingSouthAfricanmines—bothofwhicharenowprofitable—andisfinalisingthe78.5mrandacquisitionofthegroup'sundergroundoperationinKimberley,whichstoppedworkingin2005.ItalreadyoperatesfourminesinSouthAfricaandhaspromisingexplorationinAngola(ajoint-venturewithBHPBilliton),SierraLeoneandBotswana.Petraexpectstoproduceover1mcaratsby2023—quiteajumpfrom180,474caratsintheyeartoJune.Thecompanyhasyettomakeaprofit,butexpectstobemakingmoneybythemiddleofnextyear.Inthe1990sDeBeersdecidedthatitwasnolongeragoodideatotrytomonopolisethediamondmarket.Itstartedfocusingonhigherreturnsratherthanmarketshare,andhasbeenrevampingitsmineportfolio,sellingoffminesthatarenolongerprofitableandinvestinginmoreenticingoperations,suchasitsmineoffthewestcoastofSouthAfrica,itsVoorspoedoperationintheFreeStateprovince,andtwonewminesinCanada.Thishasopenedthewayforanewclassofdiamondfirmthatoperatesinthevastmiddlegroundbetweentheworld'shandfuloflargeproducersandamultitudeofmuchsmallerexplorationfirms.TheCullinandealshouldentrenchPetrainthismiddletier,alongsidefirmssuchasKimberleyDiamondandTransHex.Butevenifitdoesreachitstargetof1mcaratsayear,Petrawillstillnotbeabletomatchthesparkleofthegiants.LastyearDeBeersproduced51mcaratsfromitsminesinBotswana,Namibia,SouthAfricaandTanzania,whichamountedto40%oftheworld'sdiamondsbyvalue.1.TheCullinanminewasnamedafter_____.[A]theoriginalnameofthetown[B]thenameofitsfirstowner[C]thenameofitsdiscoverer[D]thenameofthetown’sfirstcolonist2.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheCullinanmine?[A]Themineistheonlybusinessofthetownwhichemploysmostofthelocalresidents[B]Itcanbeminedforanother20yearsgivenPetra’sadvancedtechnology[C]Itistheworld’ssecondlargestdiamondminewithayearlycapacityof1mcarats[D]Whethertheminewillmaintainitsprofitabilityisyettoknow.3.Petra’sopeartingphilosophycanbesaidas_____.[A]tomakeprofitsbyreducingthecosts[B]toexploitthesurroundingareasofanexistingmine[C]tointegratetheresourcesofallthemoney-losingsmallmines[D]torestructurethemineportfolioandtooptimizetheprocessmanagement4.DeBeershasmadechangesonitsdevelopmentstrategebecause_____.[A]itplanstoshrinkitsmarketshareandendsitslong-termmonopoly[B]itwantstoopenthewayforthemiddletierofdiamondmarket[C]itswitchesitsattentiontomakinglargerprofits[D]itwantstoturnaroundtheloss-makingminesbycooperatingwithcompaniesofsmallersize.5.Thefutureofthenewclassofdiamondfirmis_____.[A]promising[B]dim[C]unknown[D]frustrating文章剖析:文章從Petra公司收購礦產(chǎn)為契因,介紹了鉆石礦業(yè)新興的一個(gè)中間階層。第一段講述了Cullinan礦將要轉(zhuǎn)手的消息;第二段介紹了DeBeers公司之所以將礦轉(zhuǎn)手的原因;第三段、第四段介紹Petra公司的一些經(jīng)營方式和情況;第五段講述DeBeers公司的運(yùn)營調(diào)整;第六段介紹了鉆石礦業(yè)的新階層。詞匯注釋:chunkyadj.含小而厚的塊:consortiumn.財(cái)團(tuán)kimberliten.金伯利巖entrenchv.確立,使處于牢固地位portfolion.組合enticingadj.引誘的,迷人的,動(dòng)人心目的難句突破:(1)Thisisgoodnewsforthemine's1,000orsoemployeesandforthetown,whichhasdependedonthediamondbusinesssinceSirThomasCullinandiscoveredaprospecttherein1898thatcontainedkimberlite,arockthatcanberichindiamonds.[主體句式]Thisisgoodnewsfor…[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)簡單句,for后面的賓語比較復(fù)雜,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾thetown,在該從句中有一個(gè)since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句;在該狀語從句中,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾prospect,arock…是kimberlite的同位語。[句子譯文]這對于這個(gè)礦的1000名左右的雇工以及這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來說是個(gè)好消息,這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)從1898年ThomasCullinan爵士發(fā)現(xiàn)該礦含有金伯利巖(可能富含鉆石的一種巖石)后,就一直依賴鉆石生意存活。(2)Itstartedfocusingonhigherreturnsratherthanmarketshare,andhasbeenrevampingitsmineportfolio,sellingoffminesthatarenolongerprofitableandinvestinginmoreenticingoperations,suchasitsmineoffthewestcoastofSouthAfrica,itsVoorspoedoperationintheFreeStateprovince,andtwonewminesinCanada.[主體句式]Itstartedfocusingon…,andhasbeen…[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)并列句,由連詞and連接,后半分句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜;hasbeen后面帶有三個(gè)并列的成分,第二個(gè)成分sellingoffmines后面有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,第三個(gè)成分中suchas后面都是用來修飾operations的。[句子譯文]它開始修關(guān)心更高的回報(bào)率而不是市場份額了,也一直在修改它的礦產(chǎn)組合,賣掉不再盈利的礦產(chǎn),投資更讓人動(dòng)心的項(xiàng)目,如南非西海岸的礦產(chǎn)、自由州省的Voorspoed項(xiàng)目、加拿大的兩處新礦。題目分析:1.TheCullimanmineindealwasnamedafter_____.1.正在交易的礦是以_____命名的。[A]theoriginalnameofthetown[A]小鎮(zhèn)原來的名字[B]thenameofitsfirstowner[B]第一個(gè)礦主的名字[C]thenameofitsdiscoverer[C]礦場發(fā)現(xiàn)者的名字[D]thenameofthetown’sfirstcolonist[D]小鎮(zhèn)第一個(gè)殖民者的名字[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。該礦的名字為Culliman,從第一段可以看到它所在的小鎮(zhèn)的名字也是這個(gè),但是第二段提到1898年ThomasCullinan爵士發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)礦含有金伯利巖,1903年該礦成立。那么可以推斷,這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)和礦的名字都是以Cullinan爵士、即其第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)者的名字命名的。因此,正確答案為C。2.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheCullinanmine?2.關(guān)于Cullinan礦,以下的陳述哪個(gè)是正確的?[A]Themineistheonlybusinessofthetownwhichemploysmostofthelocalresidents[A]該礦山是小鎮(zhèn)大多數(shù)人工作的地方。[B]Itcanbeminedforanother20yearsgivenPetra’sadvancedtechnology[B]有了Petra的先進(jìn)技術(shù),該礦山還可以被挖掘20年。[C]Itistheworld’ssecondlargestdiamondminewithayearlycapacityof1mcarats[C]它是世界上第二大鉆石礦山,年產(chǎn)鉆石100萬克拉。[D]Whethertheminewillmaintainitsprofitabilityisyettoknow.[D]該礦山是否還會(huì)保持盈利還是一個(gè)未知數(shù)。[答案]D[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段之處小鎮(zhèn)上的大部分人都依賴于鉆石產(chǎn)業(yè),但這并不意味著他們都在礦山工作,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。文章第三段談到Petra的盈利策略主要是改進(jìn)流程、降低成本,并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)使用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。選項(xiàng)C,在第二段提到Cullinan目前仍被認(rèn)為是世界第二大最有價(jià)值的鉆石礦,但并不一定在規(guī)模上也是第二大的,而且年產(chǎn)量1百萬克拉指的不是該礦山的年產(chǎn)量,而是Petra公司的計(jì)劃年產(chǎn)量。選項(xiàng)D,文章沒有明確指出該礦山將來究竟是否會(huì)贏利,因?yàn)椴坏枚鸢窪為正確的陳述。3.Petra’sopeartingphilosophycanbesaidas_____.3.Petra的運(yùn)營理念可以說是_____。[A]tomakebetterprofitsbyreducingthecosts[A]通過削減成本來取得更好的收益[B]toexploitthesurroundingareasofanexistingmine[B]從已經(jīng)存在的礦山周圍尋找資源[C]to
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