新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程第一冊(cè)視頻與聽(tīng)力原文

.25/25Unit1StartingoutInsideviewConversation1PorterGoodafternoon.JanetGoodafternoon.PorterNewstudent?JanetYes.PorterWelcometoHertfordCollege.JanetThankyou.PorterCanIhaveyourfamilyname,please?JanetYes,it'sLi.PorterEr,L-doubleE?JanetNo,L-I.PorterAndwhat'syourfirstname,MsLi?JanetJanet.PorterJanetLi...ahyes,thereyouare.Hereareyourkeys.JanetWhere'smyroom?PorterYou'reinStaircase6Room5.JanetWhoamIsharingwith?PorterNobody.Youhaveyourownroom.Er...there'saMsSantosintheroomnexttoyou.JanetOh.Myownroom?InChinaweusuallyhaveseveralpeopleinadormitory.PorterWell,hereyoudon'thavetosharewithanyone.JanetThankyouSir.PorterNoneedtocallmesir,MsLi.EveryonecallsmeStewart.JanetPleasecallmeJanet!PorterOK,Janet,um,canyoujustsignforyourkeys,please?Conversation2KateHi,haveyoujustarrivedtoo?JanetYes!KateIguesswe'reneighbours.Myname'sKateSantos.JanetI'mJanetLi.Whereareyoufrom?KateFromNewYork.Howaboutyou?JanetI'mfromAnshaninChina.KateIsJanetyourrealname?JanetNo,it'smyEnglishname.MyChinesenameisLiHui.IsKateyourfullname?KateNo,it'sshortforCatherine.JanetSodoIcallyouCatherineorKate?KateEveryonecallsmeKate.JanetNicetomeetyou.KateOK,Janet.Seeyoulater.JanetBye!Conversation3KateHey!Thisisawesome!Lookatthesizeofthisdininghall.JanetIsthiswherewehaveallourmeals?KateIguess.MarkYoujustarrived?GirlsYes!MarkMetoo.Bytheway,I'mMark.Nicetomeetyou.KateHi,I'mKate.MarkHiKate,Iguessyou'refromtheStates.KateRight!Howcanyoutell?You'reBritish,huh?MarkYes,I'mfromLondon.Andyouare...?JanetI'mLiHui.I'mfromChina.ButyoucancallmeJanet.MarkHiJanet.WelcometoEngland.Whatareyoureading?JanetEnglish.MarkHowaboutyou,Kate?KateMymajorislaw.Andyou?MarkI'mstudyingPPE.KateThat'saspecialOxfordsubject,isn'tit?OutsideviewJulieMyname'sJulieDearden,andI'mtheDirectorofInternationalProgrammeshereatHertfordCollege.EugeneMyname'sEugeneBerger,IstudiedhereinOxfordforfouryearser,studyingmodernlanguagesatSomervilleCollege.JulieOh,therearemanyOxfordtraditions.Oxfordisaveryolduniversity,theoldestEnglish-speakinguniversityinthe,intheworld.Andsotherearemanytraditionswhichareassociatedwiththecolleges,withthetimesoftheyear,andwithsport,andwitheating,forexample.EugeneEachcollegeisverydifferentum,fromum,theothers,andithasitsowncharacter.Somecollegesareveryconservative,andsomearemuchmoreliberalandhaveatraditionofum,kindofliberalpolitics.Buttherearealsosomespecifictraditions.JulieFormalHalliswhenwealleattogetherhereincollege,theprofessorsandthestudents.Usuallyittakesplacesatseveno'clockintheevening,andtheprofessorssitonhightablewhichisthetableoverhere,andthestudentssitoncommontable,whicharethetableshere.Buteverybodyeatstogether.It'saverybeautifuleveningbecausethereare,there'saspecialmealandweeatbycandlelight.EugeneIthinker,thetraditionsthatmakeOxfordsouniquearefirstlytheOxfordUnionander,secondly,MayDay.TheOxfordUnionbeingadebatingsocietywherespeakerscomefromallaroundtheworldtoaddressthestudentsandevenallowthemselvestobequestionedbythestudents,makingitaveryinterestingforum.JulieMyfavouriteiser,MayDay.AndMayDayisthefirstdayofMay,andwehaveatraditioncalledMayMorning,andonMayMorningeverybodygetsupveryearlyandthestudentshaveacelebration.ThereisachoirwhichsingsontopofthetoweratMagdalenCollegeandallthepeopleofthetownandallthestudentsgotolistentothesinging.Soit'sverynice.EugeneThetraditionthater,wasmostimportanttomewasprobablySummerEights.Iwasarower.AndSummerEightsisarowingcompetition,heldinMayinthesummerterm.Andinthiscompetition,eachcollegeistryingtoimproveitsplacewhichitwonthepreviousyearandgraduallyworkitswayuptheriver.JulieWhenthestudentstakeexams,theymustgotoaspecialbuildingandit'scalledExaminationSchools.Andalsotheymustwearaspecialuniform,sotheyweare.gownlikemine,ablackgown,andtheywearawhiteshirt,aridthemenwearawhitetieandblacktrousers.Thewomenwearawhiteshirtandablackskirtorblacktrousers.Andtheymustwearthisuniform,whichhasaLatinname-subfuse—andtheymustwearthisuniforminordertotaketheirexaminations.EugeneIthinktheOxfordtraditionslendcharactertotheplaceandit'ssuchanoldinstitution,itshouldhavetraditions,buttheycanbeveryinconvenient.Forexample,subfuse.Thisistheuniformthatwearerequiredaccordingtotheuniversityrules,towear.JulieTheyalsowearflowersintheirbuttonholes,andthoseflowersarecarnations.Andtheyweardifferentcolours,thestudentsweardifferentcolouredflowersfordifferentexaminations.Sowhenyoutakeyourfirstexamyouwearawhiteflower,andwhenyoutakeyoursecondexamyouwearapinkflower,andwhenyoutakeyourfinalexaminationyouweararedcarnation.EugeneSowehavetodressupinafullblacksuit,starchedcollar,whitebowtieandcarryamortarboard.Andtowriteanexaminthesummerheatwhilstwearingallthatwhichyou'renotallowedtotakeoffisum,uncomfortable.JulieIreallyliketheOxfordtraditions,Ithinkit'spartofourhistory,andpartofum,beingastudentorateacherhereatOxfordUniversity.ListeninginPassage1InterviewerCanyoutellmesomethingabouttheIvyLeague?You'reaprofessoratHarvard,isthatright?ProfessorThat'sright,yes.InterviewerTellmehowmanyuniversitiesarethere?Howmanyinstitutions?ProfessorIntotalthereareeightinstitutions:There'sHarvard,Yale,Brown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,Princeton,andtheUniversityofPennsylvania.InterviewerAh,OK.Andwhat'sthesporting...Ibelievethere'ssomelinkwithsports.ProfessorTherecertainlyis,yes.OriginallytheIvyLeaguereferredtothesportsteamsfromtheuniversitieswhichcompetedagainsteachother,especiallyinfootball,basketballandicehockey.Nowsometimestheseuniversities,institutions,chosetheirstudentsonthebasisoftheirskillsattheseparticularsports.Butinthelast50years,IvyLeagueschoolshaveacceptedawiderrangeofstudentsbecauseitwasn'tpossibletobebothworld-famousforresearchandalsotopclassinsport.InterviewerAndwhatabouttheiracademicimportance?Igatherthey'reacademicallyvery,veryimportant,they'reverywell-known.ProfessorAbsolutelyatthetop.They'renearoratthetopoftheUSAcollegesanduniversityrankings.Andthey'realmostalwaysinthetoponepercentoftheworld'sacademicinstitutionsforfinancialresources.InterviewerAndwhatdoesitmeansociallytogotoanIvyLeagueuniversity?ProfessorCertainlyifyou'vebeentooneoftheseinstitutions,youarepresumedorassumedtobeatthetopendofthescale.TheIvyLeagueinstitutionshaveareputationforsocialelitism,manyofthestudentsarerich,intellectual,whiteAnglo-Saxon,protestants.Notallofthemofcourse,butquitealotofthem.InterviewerAnddoyouknow...why'sitcalledtheIvyLeague,what'stheoriginofthename?ProfessorThereareanumberofstories,derivations,butpossiblyit'sbasedonfouruniversities,andIV,thelettersIV,that'stheRomannumeralforfour.Anothermorelikelystoryisthativyplants,whicharesymbolicoftheageoftheuniversities,youknow,wouldbegrownatthewallsoftheseuniversities,theseinstitutions,theycoverthewallsofthebuildings.Thetermwascreatedbyasportsjournalist,Ithinkinthe1930s.InterviewerRight,OK.Andwhichistheoldestuniversity?ProfessorTheoldestgoesbacktothe17thcentury,that'sHarvardwhichwasfoundedin1636.AndtheyoungestoftheinstitutionsisCornellwhichwasfoundedin1865.InterviewerAndwhichhasthelargestnumberofundergraduates?ProfessorCornellhasthelargestnumber,about13,000,13,500undergraduates.TheinstitutionwiththesmallestnumberisDartmouthCollegewithalittleover4,000.InterviewerAndwhatabouttheacceptancerate?Isithardtogetinto?ProfessorThatrangesfromaboutsevenpercentto20percent.InterviewerAndanyfamousalumni?Famousoldboys?ProfessorHundreds!Hundredsofthem.ButIsupposeworldwide,thetwothatwouldbedefinitelyknownallovertheworldwouldcertainlybeGeorgeBushwhowenttoYale,andJohnFKennedy,PresidentKennedy,whowasatHarvard.InterviewerThankyou.Passage2AndyDidyouseethefilmontelevisionlastnight?JaneNo,Iwasout.Whatwasit?AndyABeautifulMind.It'saboutJohnForbesNash,themathematicianwhowontheNobelPrize.JaneI'veheardaboutthatfilm,yes.He'splayedbyRussellCrowe,isn'the?IlikeRussellCrowe,he'sgreat.AndyThat'stheone,yes.JaneWhat'sitabout?AndyWell,thestorybeginsintheearlyyearsofNash'slifeatPrincetonUniversityasagraduatestudent.JaneThat'soneoftheIvyLeagueschools,isn'tit?AndyYes,it'sallsetinNewEngland,lovelyoldbuildings,beautifulautumncolours.It'slovelytolookat.Anyway,NashmeetshisroommateCharles,aliteraturestudent,whosoonbecomeshisbestfriend.NashadmitstoCharlesthatheisbetterwithnumbersthanpeople,andthemainthinghe'slookingforisatrulyoriginalideaforhisthesispaper.JaneSohe'snotinterestedinhavingfun?AndyWell,yes,buthe'snotverygoodwithpeopleorsuccessfulwithwomen,that'sall.But,youknow,it'soneofthesebadexperienceswithpeoplewhichultimatelyinspireshisbrilliantworkinmathematics.JaneNogoodatrelationships,sohebecomesageniusatmaths?AndyThat'saboutright,yes.SowhenhefinisheshisstudiesatPrinceton,heacceptsajobatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Fiveyearslater,hemeetsAlicia,astudentwhohefallsinlovewithandeventuallymarries.JaneAh!Atlast,theloveinterest!AndyYes,butwaitamoment.Nashbelievesthathe'sbeenaskedtoworkbyWilliamParcherfortheUSDepartmentofDefenseonbreakingSovietcodes.Atonepointhe'schasedbytheRussians,andit'safterthisthathebecomesmentallyill.JaneIthinkI'veseenthisinthetrailertothefilm.AndySowhenhe'sputinapsychiatrichospital,hethinkstheSovietshavecapturedhim.He'sgiventhispainfultreatmentwhichaffectshisrelationshipwithhiswife.Andhisintellectualskills.Sohestopstakingthemedicine.JaneItsoundsquitehardtowatch.AndyWell,itis,butit'swellactedanddirected,andso,youknow,there'sa-bitofdistancebetweentheaudienceandwhat'shappeningonfilm.JaneSowhathappensnext?AndyWell,thenhisillnessreturns,soheandhiswifedecidetotryandlivewithit.Itallgetsabitcomplicated,becausewe'renolongersureifCharles,youknow,hisoldfriend,orevenParcherwerereal,oriftheywerejustpeoplethatexistedonlyinNash'smind.JaneThatsoundsawful.Hemusthavebeensoill,AndyActually,I'mkindofgivingawaythetwistinthestory.Anyway,laterinhislife,whilehe'susingthelibraryatPrincetonagain,heaskshisrivalMartinHansenifhecanstartteachingagain.AndsothestoryendswhenhegoesontowintheNobelPrizeinEconomics.JaneWell,itsoundslikeagreatfilm.AndyYes,youshouldseeitsometime.Unit2Food,gloriousfood!InsideviewConversation1KateOh,thislooksnice.MarkCool.WaitressGoodafternoon,tableforthree?Comethisway.MarkLet'shavealookatthemenu.MarkThankyou.JanetThankyou.WaitressThespecialsareontheboard.KateSo,whatsortoffooddoyoulike,Janet?JanetWell,Ilikespicyfood.AndI'mnotveryfondofrawfood!Whatwouldyourecommend?MarkWhydon'tyoutrythechickencurry?That'sniceandspicy.JanetWhat'sinit?MarkChickencookedintomatoesandonionswithIndianspices.JanetI'lltryit.Doweallchooseaselectionofdishestoshareoronlyonedishperperson?MarkUsuallyonedishperperson.KateOrthemoussakalooksgood.JanetWhat'sitmadewith?KateIt'smadewithlambandeggplant.It'saGreekdish.JanetHowisitcooked?KateIt'sbakedintheoven.JanetMm,thatsoundsgoodtoo.KateAndasastarter?JanetWhat'sminestronesoup?MarkIt'sanItaliansoupwithvegetablesandpasta.It'sdelicious!JanetOK,I'llhavethat.KateWaitress?WaitressWhatcanIgetforyou?KateWell,forthestarter,canwehavetwominestronesoups,andforthemaincourse,onemoussakaandonecurry,please.Whataboutyou,Mark?MarkI'llhavetheprawnswithgarlicandthechilliconcarne.Andcouldyoubringussomewater,please?WaitressOK.MarkThankyou.WaitressThanks.JanetWhat'schilliconcarne?MarkIt'saspicyMexicandishwithbeefandbeans.It'sveryhot!Conversation2JanetThatwasgreat!ExceptIdon'tlikecoldwater.Iusuallydrinkhotwater.KateHotwater?Weneverdrinkhotwaterexceptwithtea.Let'shaveadessert.Whatwouldyoulike,Janet?JanetAnysuggestions?KateWell,whydon'tyoutrytheapplestrudel?It'sanAustriandish.It'smadewithapple,pastryandspices.JanetNo,I'mnotsokeenonpastry....What'sachocolatebrownie?MarkIt'sakindofchocolatecake.JanetHowisitmade?KateIt'smadewithflour,eggsandbutter...MarkAndlotsofchocolate!KateYou'llloveit.JanetWhatkindoficecreamisthere?KateI'llask...Excuseme...Whatflavouricecreamdoyouhave?WaitressStrawberry,vanillaandchocolate.JanetI'lljusthaveafruitsalad,Ithink.MarkAndKate,whatareyougoingtohave?KateSameforme.MarkCouldyoubringustwofruitsalads,andachocolatebrownie?WaitressSure.OutsideviewVoice-overWewereluckytobeinvitedintothekitchenattheDookyChase'sRestaurant.Leahhasbeenworkingintherestaurantforover50years.Shetoldusaboutherlifeandsheexplainedhowtomakeasimpledishcalled"shrimpClemenceau".LeahThisisaverysimpledish.Firstyougetsomeshrimp.Youcandothisdishwithchickenorshrimp,butIlikeitwiththeshrimpbetter.Soyoujustbrownalittlething...InterviewerAnd,andwhat's,what'stheactual,what'sthecookingin?LeahButter.InterviewerOK.LeahItjustcook,sohereyougetalittlecholesterol,buthey,that'sit,alittlecholesterol.Thenyouwannagetthegarlic.Soyouseeitworkstwoforces.Yougetthecholesterol,andthenyougetalittlegarlic,cutoutonthecholesterol,yousee.InterviewerOK.Andwheredidyou,wheredidyoulearnallthecooking?LeahWell,mymother,youknow.I'mthetopofthelineof11children,soyougettolearnhowtocookwhetheryoulikeitornot.Yougettocookthatway.Thenhereyouwanttoaddalittlemushroominhere,thisisjustslicedbuttonmushroom.Ifyoulikeothermushroom,youcandothat,wejustsautethatinthere.Youknow,athome,whenyou,youhavetocook,everybodyhadthatturninthekitchen.Sothisisadishthatisusedinseveralrestaurants,butthisismyownversion.Somepeopledoitdifferentthanthis,butIlikeitthisway,becauseIlikethe...Canyousmellthegarlicinthere?InterviewerOh,yeah.LeahAlright?InterviewerThatsmellisverystrong.LeahUha,andthenyouwanttoaddyourpeas.It'svery,verysimple.InterviewerAnddidyou,didyourmumruntherestaurantaswell?LeahNo,no,mymother-in-law.Mymother-in-lawhadthisrestaurantbeforeIcamein.Andshestarteditin41.Icameinin46.So,andIaddedmanythings.Youhavetounderstandin41.Nowherewecanaddourpotatoes.Youseeourshrimpisallcookedthere.-Justaddthepotato.Youcanpre-cookyourpotatoes.Youcanboilthem,orinthiscase,we,weblanchthemalittlebit.Inthatandjusttosstogether,andyougetone,yougetjustonecasserolelikehere.Andyoucanputalittlepepperonit.Giveitagooddashofpepper.Alittlesalt.It'sverysimple,butit'sagooddish.AndasIsaid,youcandoitwithchickenbreastorshrimp.Yousee?Tossitandgetitthere.InterviewerAndwhatdoyou,whatdoyoucallthedish?LeahAshrimpClemenceau.AndI,Ireallydon'tknowhowitgotthatname,butit'spopularinthisarea.ButasIsaid,somepeopledoitalittledifferent.Youcantakewineatthispoint.Youcanhitalittlewineinthereifyoulikeit,butI,Ijustdon'tliketokillthetasteofthebutterandthegarlic.Ilikethatalot.Andyoucantaketheparsley,alwaysparsley.InterviewerThat'sparsley,isn'tit?LeahParsley.Uhm.AndI'mgonnashowyousomethingthatallCreoleskeepintheirkitchen.Youseeyougetkindofalikeadulllookhere.ButeveryCreolehasthispaprikaintheirkitchen.Andgiveitalladashofpaprika.Andyougetalittlecolorthere,yousee?Alittleredcolorthere.Andit'svery,verysimple,greatdishtoeat.Nothardtomake.Yousee?Andyouhaveagooddish.ListeninginPassage1BenIfit'saformalmeal,maybeThanksgivingorChristmas,orifyou'rewithyourbossorsomeonelikethat,youarebeingcarefulaboutyourtablemanners.Soyou'dwaituntileveryoneisservedbeforeyoueat.Butmostofthetime,,ifyouknoweachotherwellyouwouldjustgoaheadandstart.It'smoreusualtoentertainthemathomebecauseitshowsyourhospitality.Wehavealotofbarbecuesoutside,maybeinthegardenormaybeatacampsite.Butsometimesifyoudon'twanttocook,youcangotoarestaurant.Oh,well,afterdessertyou'llhavealittletalk,thentalksomemore,havesomecoffee.Thenyou'llsay,"Ohwell,it'stimeforus,weshouldgetgoing."Andifyoudon'tthenyou'reprobablygoingtoberudeandstaytoolate.MichelleWell,itwouldbebetween8and8.30.Itisunusualthatifsomebodyisinvitedfor8theywouldbethereat7.30or7.45.Probably8,or8.30wouldbewhenalltheguestswouldarrive.It'sOKtorefusesomethingifyoudon'tlikeit,butitmightbeembarrassing.Forexample,ifI'mcookingdinnerandIdiscoveroneofmyguestsisavegetarian,I'llfeelabitfrustratedthatIdidn'tknowbefore.Butusuallyeveryonetrieseverything.TomWell,usuallythehostservestheguests,soyoushouldmakesureyoutellhimorhernottogiveyoutoomuch,becauseyes,it'squiteimportanttoeateverythingonyourplate.Itdoesn'tmatterifyouleavesomething,butifyouleavealot,itwilllookasifyoudon'tliketheircooking.Mymotheralwaystoldmetoputmyhandsonmylap,underthetablewhenIwasn'teating,andIwouldbeinbigtroubleifIeverputmyelbowsonthetable.ButactuallyIknowthatinsomecountriesthat'sconsideredrude.SoImightrestmyhandsormyarmsonthetable,andIsupposeit'sabitmorerelaxedtodaythanitusedtobewhenIwasyoung.No,it'stheworstthingyoucandoifyou'reeating.Anystrangenoisesareabsolutelyforbidden.Imeanyoucansay"mmm,thisisgood",butnothingmorethanthat.Andevenwhenyoudrinksouporeatnoodles,youhavetodoitinsilence,otherwiseit'sconsideredverybadmanners.Passage2News-readerThegovernmentannouncedtodaythattheyaregoingtobanadvertisementsforjunkfoodduringTVprogrammesforchildrenundertheageof16.Theruleswillincludeanyfoodsthatarehighinfat,saltandsugar.Therewillbeatotalbanonadsduringchildren'sprogrammesandonchildren'schannels,aswellasadultprogrammeswatchedbyalargenumberofchildren.Buttherewillnotbeatotalbanonalladsforjunkfoodwhichareshownontelevisionbefore9pm.Thiswasthoughttobe"overthetop"byrepresentativesofthefoodindustry.ThenewruleswillcomeintoeffectbeforetheendofDecemberthisyear,andmeanthattelevisionchannelswillloseabout￡39millioninrevenueforadvertising.Sowhyhasthegovernmentintroducedthisban?Weaskedleadingfoodandnutritionexpert,NeilBennett.NeilWell,weallknowthatoverthelast30years,whatwecalljunkfood,badfoodwithtoomuchfatandsalt,hasbecomeeasilyavailableandeatinghabitshavechanged.However,inrecentyearsmanyofushavebecomeawareoftheimportanceofkeepingfitandeatinghealthily,andthismeanspeoplearenotgoingtofastfoodrestaurantssooften.So,theresultisthatthefastfoodbusinesshasincreasedthenumberofadsinordertorecoversomeofthebusinessit'slost.News-readerAndhowdothefastfoodrestaurantsdothis?NeilThebiggestproblemisthattheyaimtheiradsatyoungpeople.Onewell-knownfastfoodrestaurantchainsellshamburgerswhichcomewithafreegift,usuallyatoywhichislinkedtoanewchildren'sfilm.Otherfastfoodrestaurantsaimtheiradsatteenageandcollege-agemen,tryingtomaketheirfoodtrendyand,youknow,kindofmasculinefood.News-readerSoabanonjunkfoodadswillstopthesalesofjunkfood?NeilAlmostcertainlynot,butitmightreducethegrowthofthefastfoodindustry.News-readerSoyou'reinfavouroftheban?NeilAsanutritionist,Iam.Asafatheroftwoyoungchildren,I'mnotsure.News-readerWhynot?NeilBecauselessmoneyfromadvertisingwillmeanlessmoneyforchildren'sTVprogrammes.Sowe'relikelytoseemorecheapandviolentcartoons,andfewerprogrammesproducedspeciallyforchildren.News-readerSothechoiceisbetweenjunkfoodandjunktelevision?NeilYes,thatjustaboutsumsitup.News-readerNeilBennett,thankyou.Unit3LearningtothinkInsideviewConversation1MarkHi,what'reyoudoing?JanetOh,nothingmuch...Well,I'mjustdoingthisquizhereinthenewspaper.MarkLet'shavealookthen.JanetHere.It'scalled,"Howmuchdoyouknowaboutmemory?"I'vejustdoneit.Doyouwanttohaveago?MarkOK,mightaswell.I'mnotbusy.JanetRight.Look,I'llreadthestatements.Thenyouhavetoanswer"true"or"false".Ready?MarkYea.JanetOK.Physicalexerciseimprovesyourmemory.Trueorfalse?MarkTrue,Isuppose.Itsoundsliketherightanswer.JanetYou'reright,exercisedoesimproveyourmemory.Nextstatement:30percentofpeoplehaveavisualmemory.MarkThatsoundsaboutright.True?JanetNo,wrong,I'mafraid.Infact,60percentofpeoplehaveavisualmemory.MarkReally?Actually,I'vegotaprettygoodmemory.JanetHaveyou?OK...Nextone...Whenyou'retired,it'smoredifficulttorememberthings.MarkThat'strue,obviously.Ican'trememberathingwhenI'mtired.JanetCorrect!Ifyoudooneactivityforalongtime,yourmemorywillimprove.MarkI'mnotsure...True?JanetActually,it'sfalse.MarkOh!JanetEatingfruitandvegetablescanimproveyourmemory.MarkIreadsomethinginTheTimesaboutthat.True.JanetTrue,itsayshere.MarkOh,no!I'vegotalecture.I'dforgotten.I'dbettergetgoing!JanetOh,Mark!Whatagoodmemoryyouhave!Conversation2KateYou'relookingabitdown,Janet.What'sup?JanetWell...I'mfindingstudyingatOxfordquitehard.KateYou'retellingme!There'ssomuchwork!JanetIt'snottheamountofwork-buteverything'ssodifferent.InChina,generallywehavelargeclasses,wedon'thavetutorials.Andmostly,ourteachertellsuswhatweshoulddo.SoI'mnotusedtoaskingquestionsordiscussingthings.Ifinditdifficult.KateYouhavetomemorizealot,don'tyou?JanetYes,butI'mgoodatthat.KateYou'relucky.There'ssomuchtorememberstudyinglaw!Ihavedifficultysometimes,Ireallydo.JanetYes,well,we'vebeentrainedtodothat.Butwedon'thavesomuchtrainingincriticalthinking.KateWhatdoyoumeanbycriticalthinking?JanetLetmethink...Ithinkit'sgivingyouropinionandthenjustifyingit.KateYes,Isupposethat'swhatourteachershavealwaysencouragedustodo.JanetIamgettingbetteratit,Isuppose.KateHey!Howaboutthis?Let'spretendI'myourtutor.I'llmakeastatement.Yourtaskistoexamineitandthenaskquestions.JanetOK.KateEveryoneiscapableoflearningasecondlanguage.Goon,askaquestion!JanetWhydoyousaythat?KateThat'swhattheresearchtellsus.Nowaskanotherone.JanetCanyougiveanexampleofsomeresearch?KateUm...No!Look,I'mstarvingandIcan'tthinkatallwhenI'mhungry.OutsideviewPart1TeacherGoodmorning,class.StudentsGoodmorning.TeacherWhatwe'regoingtodotodayisstartofflookingatmindmapsormindmapping.Nowhaveanyofyouheardaboutmindmapsbefore?StudentsYes...No...TeacherYes.Someofyouhave,someofyouhaven't.OK.Haveanyofyouactuallyusedmindmapsinthepast?StudentsNo...TeacherNo?OK.Whocantellmewhatamindmapis?Student1It'sawayofthinking.TeacherItisawayofthinking.Mindmapsarediagramswhichhelpustogenerateideas,andalsotoorganizeorstructureourideasrelatedtoatopic.WhatI'dliketodonextislookatsomeoftheusesorthereasonsforusingmindmaps.Whataresomeofthereasonsforusingmindmaps?Student2Tomakealist?TeacherTomakealist?Yes.Wecouldsaytobrainstormideas.Everyonecontributesthen-ideasasmanyideasasquicklyaspossible,fromeveryoneinashortertime,er,as,aswecanmanage.OK,brainstormingisoneofthemostimportantum,um,usesofmindmaps.Whatmightbeanotheruseoranotherreasonforusingmindmaps?Student3Itcanhelpmetakenotesintheclass.TeacherOK,forthenote-taking,averygoodreason.Mindmapshelpustogetanoverviewora,aquickunderstandingaboutasubject.Byusingmindmapstocollectthemainideasfromwhattheteachersays,youcankeepa,averygeneralunderstandingofatopicandunderstandconnectionsquiteeasilyandum,quickly.Whataresomeotherusesofmindmaps?Student4Preparingforexams?TeacherOK.Preparingforexams.That'sa,averygoodreason.Wemightcallthis,er,revision.Beforeanexam,afterhavingstudiedformany,manydaysorevenweeks,youmightwanttocapturethe,the,theverygeneralunderstandingaboutthesubject.Arethereanyotherusesthatyoucanthinkofformindmapping?Student5Wecanalsouseitforfindinganswers.TeacherForfindinganswers.That's,that'saverygood,goodanswer.Wecouldcallthisproblem-solving.Wecanusemindmapsto,toseeotherpossiblealternatives,oroptionsto,to,tosolveaproblem.OK.Next,I'dlikeustotalkaboutsomeoftheadvantagesorthebenefitsofusingmindmapsinsteadofjustwritingeverythingonapieceofpaper.Oneofthemostobviousadvantages,asyoucansee,isthatmindmapsareveryvisual.Theygiveusum,almostapicture,a,adifferentperspectiveintermsofapicture,oradiagramofunderstandinginformationorunderstanding