《人類進(jìn)化與飲食革命-英文》課程教學(xué)大綱

人類進(jìn)化與飲食革命課程教學(xué)大綱課程基本信息（CourseInformation）課程代碼（CourseCode）*學(xué)時（CreditHours）32*學(xué)分（Credits）2*課程名稱（CourseName）（中文）人類進(jìn)化與飲食革命（英文）Thelifestylesofmonkeys,apesandhumans課程性質(zhì)(CourseType)summercourseforoverseasscholars授課對象（TargetAudience）undergraduatestudents授課語言(LanguageofInstruction)English*開課院系（School）SchoolofAgricultureandBiology先修課程（Prerequisite）*課程簡介（Description）人類起源一直是世界科學(xué)難題。人猿相揖別，為何只有人類邁步進(jìn)入了進(jìn)化大道。人類與猿類的基因有98%相同，不足2%的差異竟造成人類與猿類的巨大差別。進(jìn)化是個漫長、復(fù)雜的歷史進(jìn)程。在這個過程中，人類的生存環(huán)境、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)與制備、行為方式的改變起到了關(guān)鍵性作用。本課程將現(xiàn)代綜合進(jìn)化論、現(xiàn)代分子生物學(xué)、人類學(xué)的前沿性研究成果融為一體，從生物與環(huán)境、微觀與宏觀、表型進(jìn)化與遺傳系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化的辯證關(guān)系出發(fā)，聚焦人類和靈長目動物的遺傳基礎(chǔ)、形態(tài)特征、攝食方式、生存環(huán)境的異同，通過對人類與靈長類動物的感官學(xué)特征（視覺、味覺、嗅覺、聽覺、觸覺等）以及行為學(xué)特征（交談、行走、社會行為等）的深入剖析，闡釋生命進(jìn)化的規(guī)律。通過課程學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解人類飲食與生命發(fā)展的關(guān)系，有助于學(xué)生當(dāng)代大科學(xué)世界觀的形成，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生識別真?zhèn)慰茖W(xué)的能力。*課程簡介（Description）Humansevolvedquiterecentlyfromtheothergreatapes–thechimpanzees,gorillasandorangutans–but,ofcourse,weliveandbehaveverydifferentlyfromthemdespitegreatsimilarityingeneticmakeup.Wemoveontwolegs.Wehaveenormousbrains.Wetalkalot.Wehaveaverydifferentdiet,beingstarch-ratherthansugar-based.Wehaveexcellentcolourvisioncoupledwiththebestbinocular(stereoscopic)visionofanymammal.Thecoursewilllookathowmonkeys,apesandothermammalsusetheirowncapabilities.Itoffersexplanationsformanyofourdistinctivesensoryandmotorcapabilitiesbycomparingthemwiththoseofournearestlivingrelativesandputtingthefunctionaladvantagesofthesedifferencesintoanecologicalcontext:intoaforestorsavannahhabitat.Inthisway,theevolutionofthesedifferencescanbebetterunderstood.課程教學(xué)大綱（CourseSyllabus）*學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(LearningOutcomes)1.Tounderstandbasicknowledgeofhumanevolution2.Tounderstandhumanlifestylesintermsofevolution3.Togoacrossdisciplinaryboundariesanddevelopanalyticalskillsandgeneralunderstandingofanimportanttopic*教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)度安排及要求(ClassSchedule&Requirements)教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時教學(xué)方式作業(yè)及要求基本要求考查方式Introduction4LectureLiteraturereadingBrieflyintroducesmodernsynthetictheoryofevolution,LamarckismandDarwinism,PunctuatedequilibriumDiscussionSeeinginColorand3D4LectureLiteraturereadingCovers(briefly)thephysiologyofcolourvisioninaneasy-to-understandway;thedifferencebetweentrichromaticanddichromaticcolourvision;thebasicadvantageofcolourintermsofclarifyingandstabilizingcomplexscenery;thespecificrelationshipoftrichromaticvisionwithforagingforforestfoodslikeripefruitsandyoungleaves;Coverswhatbinocularvisionis;thefeaturesoftheeyeanditsorbitthatmaintainit;whysomemammalshaveitandothersnot;explainsparallaxanditsimportanceinseeingthroughacongestedenvironmentlikeaforest.DiscussionSmellingandtasting4LectureLiteraturereadingCoversthegeneticbackgroundtosmellandtasteandthedisablingofmanyolfactory(smell)genesinhumans;indicateshowsmellandvisioncanbecombinedtofindfoodsinmanyprimates;indicateshowsmellandtastecombinetoproducefoodflavourinsidethemouth,enhancedinhumansduetochangesinthepositionofthelarynx(forspeech)DiscussionHearingandtouching4LectureLiteraturereadingCoversthehearingrangesofprimates;theimportanceofhearingtoprimatesthathunt;theimportanceofhearingforcommunication;Coverstouchandtextureperceptioninprimatesandthesensoryreceptorsthatconveythisinformation.DiscussionCookingandfeeding4LectureLiteraturereadingCoversthedietaryrangeofprimatesversushumans;theenergeticsofforagingandfeeding;theinventionofcookinginearlyhumansanditsimpactofbuildingabigbrain.DiscussionSignaling4LectureLiteraturereadingCoversthemodesofcommunicationandsignallinginanimals–chemical(perceivedassmells);visual(perceivedbyeye)andaural(patternsofsoundsperceivedbyhearing)andemphasizesthevastvocabularyofferedbythelast-namedforgroup-livinghumansDiscussionSpeaking4LectureLiteraturereadingCoversthesophisticationoftool-makinginhumansandtheneedforcommunicationtotransfermanufacturingskills;therelativeabilityofhumansandotherprimatestomakemapsoftheirenvironmentanditsrelationshiptobraincapacity.DiscussionMovingaround4LectureLiteraturereadingCoversthefeaturesofhumanbodiesthatfacilitateefficientbipedallocomotion;whyapeswalkbadly;whywalkingisnotagreatadvantageenergeticallyovermovingonallfours;whyrunningexplainsourbodyformmuchbetterthanwalking;theimportanceofrunningforhunting(withoutguns)insavannahhabitats.Discussion……*考核方式(Grading)Twowrittenquizzesgivenduringclasses(20%)Classparticipation(10%)Project