上海市黃浦區(qū)2021屆高三一模英語試卷(含答案)

高三英語試卷第高三英語試卷第頁共10頁高三英語試卷第高三英語試卷第6頁共10頁Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Themaincharacterisprobablyajournalistwritingblogsaboutroyalmembers.Themaincharacterisalwaysbusyeditingplentyofmaterialaboutherself.Theauthorsprobablyhadchancestogetthenotesorcorrectnessfromthemaincharacter.Randolphisprobablyanassistantorasecretarytothemaincharacter.Whydoesthemaincharacterrecallthetimesheatejelliesandicecream?Shewishesthatshewerestillachildsothatshecouldeatjelliesandicecream.Sheisremindedofthesefoodsbecausethethoughtofatrainjourneyremindsherofthem.Shewishesshestillknewwherethehandsometrainwaiterwas.Today'schildrenaren'tallowedtoeatthesamethingsthatsheateasachild.A'"SpartanmenU,(paragraph4wouldmostlikely.havemainlylowfat,healthyfoodsB.besuitableforaromanticdinnerC.includearangeofsweets,butnojellyD.includefoodswhichareeasytotransportWhatismostlikelytohappennextinthispassage?ThemaincharacterwillpractiseherspeechforgreetingtheMayorofAlwoy.Themaincharacterwilldecidetotakearailjourney.Randolphwillsendsomeemailstothemaincharacter.Themaincharacterwillupdateherblogontheinternet.(B)Canalshavetobebuiltonalevel,otherwisethewaterdrainsoutofthemandthecanalbecomesuseless.Thiswasthegreatproblemfacingtheearlycanalbuilders,andtheyovercameitindifferentways.TheearlyengineerslikeJamesBrindleysimplyfollowedtheoutlinesofthecountrysideandkepttheircanalsleveleventhoughitoftenmeantchoosingveryroundaboutroutes.Laterengineers,suchasThomasTelford,developedanewtechniqueknownas‘cutandfill'inwhichtheyfixedalevelthroughveryaccuratesurveying.Thisallowedthemtofillinthehollowsonaroutewiththeexactamountofsoiltheytookfromthehigherground.Bythismethod,verydirectroutescouldbetaken,whichcutdownthetimeofajourneyveryconsiderably.AgoodexampleofthistypeofcanalisTelford'sLiverpoolandBirminghamJunctionCanal,whichhebeganin1826toprovideadirectroutefromtheMidlandstotheRiverMersey.Itwasseldompossibletobuildacompletelylevelcanal,ofcourse,whichevermethodwasused,andmostcanalswereprovidedwithlocksinwhichbargeswereraisedorloweredtonewlevels.Ifyoulookatthediagramontheright,youcanseeabargebeingraisedinalockbymeansofwaterwhichwasallowedintothelockbasin,orpound,fromtheupperlevelofthecanal.Whenabargehadtobelowered,waterwasallowedoutofthepoundintothelowerlevelofthecanal.belowtheleveltofillthehollowearthcutfromabovethelevellevelA(B)Canalshavetobebuiltonalevel,otherwisethewaterdrainsoutofthemandthecanalbecomesuseless.Thiswasthegreatproblemfacingtheearlycanalbuilders,andtheyovercameitindifferentways.TheearlyengineerslikeJamesBrindleysimplyfollowedtheoutlinesofthecountrysideandkepttheircanalsleveleventhoughitoftenmeantchoosingveryroundaboutroutes.Laterengineers,suchasThomasTelford,developedanewtechniqueknownas‘cutandfill'inwhichtheyfixedalevelthroughveryaccuratesurveying.Thisallowedthemtofillinthehollowsonaroutewiththeexactamountofsoiltheytookfromthehigherground.Bythismethod,verydirectroutescouldbetaken,whichcutdownthetimeofajourneyveryconsiderably.AgoodexampleofthistypeofcanalisTelford'sLiverpoolandBirminghamJunctionCanal,whichhebeganin1826toprovideadirectroutefromtheMidlandstotheRiverMersey.Itwasseldompossibletobuildacompletelylevelcanal,ofcourse,whichevermethodwasused,andmostcanalswereprovidedwithlocksinwhichbargeswereraisedorloweredtonewlevels.Ifyoulookatthediagramontheright,youcanseeabargebeingraisedinalockbymeansofwaterwhichwasallowedintothelockbasin,orpound,fromtheupperlevelofthecanal.Whenabargehadtobelowered,waterwasallowedoutofthepoundintothelowerlevelofthecanal.belowtheleveltofillthehollowearthcutfromabovethelevellevelACutandfillbargeenterspound*合bsrgeis*lorijrn郭rowwith舟flatbottom.Bargesareusedforcarryingheavyloads,espe匚iallyonriversandcanals.2.bargeraisediripound3.bar^emovestotoplevel▲AlockBrindley'scanalswerelessefficient,mostlikelybecause.hewasnotagoodcanalengineerthetechniquesandskillsavailableatthetimewereuselesshiscanalswerebuilttokeepthewaterdrainsoutD.theyhadtoomanyroundaboutroutesAccordingtothispassage,whywasthe‘cutandfill'techniquedesigned?Theoutlinesofthelandcouldnotbefolloweddirectly.Itcouldmaketravellingdistancesshorterandsavejourneytime.Newsurveyingtechniqueshadbeeninventedsuccessfully.D.ThedistancebetweentheMidlandsandRiverMerseyisgreat.Locksareneededincanalsto.helpboatstotravelinbothdirectionskeepwaterlevelschangingallthetimeallowlargeshipstotravelincanalsD.transferboatsacrossdifferingwaterlevels(C)Intheancientworld,thepracticeofmedicinewasinescapablylinkedtosupernaturalbeliefandmagic.ThatwasuntiltheGreeksmadeadvancesinthefieldandbrilliantfiguressuchasHippocrateslaidthefoundationsforourmedicinetoday.Recognizedasthefatherofmodernmedicine,Hippocratesrealisedwhatseemsobvioustoustoday—thattheobservationandnotingofsymptomsisprimary.HetravelledacrossGreeceteachingmedicine,encouragingtheviewthatdiseasehadphysical,notsupernatural,explanations.MedicalstudentsstilltaketheHippocraticOath,aformalpromisemadebynewdoctorsthattheywillfollowthestandardssetbytheirprofessionandtrytopreservelife,swearingtousetheirskillstohealanddonoharm.OneofHippocrates'theorieswasofthe‘fourhumours',abeliefthatdiseasewascausedbyanimbalanceofthefourliquidssupposedlycontainedinthehumanbody—blood,phlegm,andblackandyellowbile(aliquidproducedbyyourorganwhichhelpsyoutodigestfat).Blood-lettingwasacommonresponsetoillnessandwasuseduntilonly150yearsagointhemistakenbeliefthatitwouldrestorethebody'sinternalbalance.ButwhiletheGreeksmayhavebeenwrongaboutthebleedingandthebile,theywerestillthefirstcivilizationtounderstandthatdiseasescouldbetreatedbyusingcarefulobservationandlogicalthought.Aristotle,politicaltheorist,philosopherandteacher,alsostudiedthenaturalworldfromascientificpointofview.Hewasthefirsttoclassifyorganisms,andalthoughhismethodmayseemsimplenow,hedividedthemintotwobasiccategories,aseitherplantoranimal—hewasthefirsttodoso.Aristotlevaluedexperimentationanddiscoveredthatevaporation,theprocessofbecomingavapour,turnedsaltwaterintofreshwater.Hewasalsoabelieverinthetheorythatallmatteriscomposedoffourelements—fire,earth,waterandair.Hippocratesbelievedthefourhumours,relatedtothefourliquidsinthebody,wereeachinlinewithanorgan,aseasonandwithdifferentmoods.ThefourwerebasedontheGreeks'ideaoffourbaseelements(air,water,fire,earth).Althoughdiscreditednow,thehumoursformedthebasisofwesternmedicineuntilthe18thcentury.Theywere:-Bloodfromtheliver:associatedwithSpring;withcourageandhope-Phlegmfrombrainandlungs:Winter;calmandunemotional-Yellowbilefromgallbladder(膽囊):Summer;angerandbadtemper-Blackbilefromspleen(脾臟)：Autumn;withblueanddarkmoodWhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?ItwastheGreeksthatmadeadvancesinthefieldofpracticeofmedicineintheancientworld.TheHippocraticOathisaformalpromisemadebynewdoctorstosweartheirresponsibilities.Hippocratesthoughtdiseasewascausedbyanimbalanceofthefourliquidscontainedinthehumanbody.Hippocrateswasthefirsttobelievediseasescouldbetreatedbycarefulobservationandlogicalthought.Thepracticeofblood-lettingwasbasedonthebeliefthat.thebloodwaspollutedbyvirusesthehumanbodywasnotevenlybalancedthepatientwasinabadhumourtoomuchbloodwasbadforpeopleHowdidAristotlefindoutthatsaltwatercanbeturnedintofreshwater?Hestudiedmanybooksfromascientificpointofview.Hedrewtheconclusionaccordingtothetwobasiccategories.Hemadethediscoverybasedonconductingexperimentshimself.Hebelievedthatallmatterconsistsoffourbaseelements.WhyisHippocratesconsideredthefounderofmodernmedicine?Heprovedthattherearefourbaseelementsinallmatterintheworld.Heshowedtheprocedureofhowthefourbodilyliquidsaffectedmoods.Heinsistedthatalmostalldiseaseshadsupernaturalexplanations.D.Herecognizedtheimportanceoftheobservationandnotingofsymptoms.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Currentevidencesuggeststhatmanyofthesebenefitscontinueintoadulthood.Toincreasephysicalactivityforadolescents,theauthorsneedtoidentifythemanycausesandinequities.Theauthorssaythatlevelsofinsufficientphysicalactivityinadolescentscontinuetobeextremelyhigh.Toimprovelevelsofphysicalactivityamongadolescents,thestudyprovidessomerecommendationsasfollows.Theauthorsnotethatadolescents'participationinphysicalactivitywillcontinueintoadulthood.Thestudyhighlightsthatyoungpeoplehavetherighttoplayandshouldbeprovidedwiththeopportunitiestorealizetheirrighttophysicalandmentalhealthandwellbeing.AdolescentsWorldwideNotSufficientlyPhysicallyActiveNewWHO-ledstudysaysmajorityofadolescentsworldwidearenotsufficientlyphysicallyactive,puttingtheircurrentandfuturehealthatrisk.67“Urgentpolicyactiontoincreasephysicalactivityisneedednow,particularlytopromoteandkeepupgiris'participationinphysicalactivity,”saysstudyauthorDrReginaGuthold,WHO.Thehealthbenefitsofaphysicallyactivelifestyleduringadolescenceincludeimprovedheartandlungsfitness,bonehealthandpositiveeffectsonweight.Thereisalsogrowingevidencethatphysicalactivityhasapositiveimpactoncognitivedevelopmentandsocializing.68Toachievethesebenefits,theWHOrecommendsforadolescentstodomoderateorvigorousphysicalactivityforanhourormoreeachday.Theauthorsestimated80percentofteensdonotmeetthisrecommendationbyanalysingdatacollectedthroughschool-basedsurveysonphysicalactivitylevels.Urgentscalingupisneededofknowneffectivepoliciesandprogrammestoincreasephysicalactivityinadolescents.Multisectoralactionisneededtoofferopportunitiesforyoungpeopletobeactive,involvingeducation,urbanplanning,roadsafetyandothers.Thehighestlevelsofsociety,includingnational,cityandlocalleaders,shouldpromotetheimportanceofphysicalactivityforthehealthandwell-beingofallpeople,includingadolescents.Strongpoliticalwillandactioncanaddressthefactthatfourineveryfiveadolescentsdonotexperiencetheenjoymentandsocial,physical,andmentalhealthbenefitsofregularphysicalactivity.Policymakersandstakeholdersshouldbeencouragedtoactnowforthehealthofthisandfutureyounggenerations.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Singapore'sInformationTechnologyStrategySingapore'sinformationtechnologystrategyrestsontwomajorlegs.Thefirstlegisworld-classbasicfacilities.Beingacity-state,itisrelativelyeasytoconnecteveryhome,officeandhotelroom.Ourobjectiveistoprovidebroad-bandeverywhere,eitherwiredorwireless.Wewillmakeitareadilyavailableutilitylikewater,electricity,gasandtelephone.Wearewellonourwaythere.Wenowrequire,byregulation,everynewhometobeequippedwithbroad-bandinthesamewayasitisrequiredtohavewaterandelectricity.ThesecondlegistheeducationofourentirepopulationinIT(informationtechnology).Likereading,writingandarithmetic,computersarebestlearntwhenweareyoung.Today'schildrencanclickthemousefasterthanwecanblink.Inmanycountries,childrenofmiddle-classfamilieshavenodifficultywiththisnewtechnology.But,withoutspecialeffort,thereisadangerthatchildrenofpoorerfamilieswillmissoutontheopportunitytolearnIT.Likethepianoandviolin,onecanstilllearnthecomputerasanadult.Butrarelydoesoneacquirethesamefacility.ThestrategyinSingaporeisthereforetoteachinformationtechnologytoeverychildregardlessofhisfamilybackground.TheEducationMinistrynowhasamulti-billiondollarprogrammetoprovideonecomputerforevery2schoolchildreninSingaporefromfirstgradeonwards.Everyteacherwillhaveanotebook.MostSingaporeansnowunderstandtheimportanceofIT,ifnotforthemselves,atleastfortheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Over40%ofhouseholdsinSingaporenowownPCs.Overone-thirdofhouseholdsinSingaporealreadyenjoyaccesstoInternet.WhatwewantisforeverySingaporeantobecomputerliteratesothathecanfunctioneffectivelyinanybank,factoryorrestaurant,justasonewouldexpectanemployeetobeabletoread,writeandcount.AnemployerinSingaporeinthefutureshouldnothavetoworrythathisemployeedoesnotknowhowtouseacomputerortheInternet.第II卷(共40分)TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.如天公作美，周末我們就去郊游。(permit)端午時節(jié)吃粽子、賽龍舟是我們的習(xí)俗。(It)盡管該項(xiàng)目困難重重，但有當(dāng)?shù)卣推髽I(yè)的共同努力定能取得進(jìn)展。(progress)園藝使人們得以侍弄花草，通過與大自然的接觸得到美的享受，能修身養(yǎng)性。(which)GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生張華，在某英語報上看到一則報道，說某偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的貧困村莊盛產(chǎn)紅茶，但由于交通不便、信息不暢，導(dǎo)致銷售不利，影響了村民的收入。現(xiàn)號召廣大讀者出謀劃策。請你寫一封信給英語報。在信中，你必須：就如何幫助該村莊銷售茶葉、脫貧致富提出建議；說明你的理由。黃浦區(qū)2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三年級期終調(diào)研測試

英語試卷參考答案I.ListeningComprehension1-5CDBABI.ListeningComprehe