2018屆全國(guó)人教版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義：必修1 Unit 5-Nelson Mandela

必修1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroPresidentMandela，founderoftheRepublicofSouthAfrica，wasgenerousandselflesslyhelpedthosewhowereuneducatedandneededlegalguidance.Heappearedonthepoliticalstageinhistwenties.HeworkedactivelyintheYouthLeague,devotedtofightingforequalrightsfortheblacks.Hisenemiesfiercelyattackedhim.Henarrowlyescapedbeingmurderedseveraltimes.Despitetheircruelty，hestucktohisprinciple:makingpeacethroughdialogueratherthanviolenceandterror.Hisgoodqualitieswerewellrewarded.Hewasdeeplylovedbyhispeople.默寫識(shí)記?默寫單詞1．qualityn．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)2．a(chǎn)ctiveadj.積極的；活躍的3．devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專心于

4.guidancen?指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)5．stagen.舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期votev.投票；選舉n.投票；選票；表決attackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊equaladj.相等的；平等的escapevi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；避開rewardn.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞opinionn.意見；看法；主張educatevt.教育；訓(xùn)練?記住詞義meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的generousadj.慷慨的；大方的3．foundvt.建立；建設(shè)4．4．principlen.法則；原則；原理5.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的6．violencen.暴力；暴行7．willingadj.樂(lè)意的；自愿的8．begvi.請(qǐng)求；乞求9．relativen.親戚；親屬10．crueltyn.殘忍；殘酷11．sentencevt.判決；宣判12．presidentn.總統(tǒng)；會(huì)長(zhǎng)；校長(zhǎng)；行長(zhǎng)?寫出短語(yǔ)1．outofwork失業(yè)2．a(chǎn)samatteroffact事實(shí)上3．blowup使充氣；爆炸4．introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中5．turnto求助于；致力于6．loseheart喪失勇氣或信心7．cometopower當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)setup設(shè)立；建立besentencedto被判處（徒刑）聯(lián)想拓展名詞后綴ance1．Guidance指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)2．a(chǎn)ppearance出現(xiàn)3．performance履行；表演4．a(chǎn)ssistance幫助5．insurance保險(xiǎn)短語(yǔ)串記1.loseone'sheartto愛上2．learnsth.byheart背誦；記牢3．putone'sheartinto專心于4．indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中5.inpower當(dāng)權(quán)；掌權(quán)6．indebt負(fù)債累累7.inprogress在進(jìn)行中g(shù)etintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻煩getoutoftrouble擺脫困境havetroubleindoingsth./withsth.做某事有困難/麻煩takethetroubletodosth.盡力做某事putsb.tothetroubleofdoingsth.麻煩某人做某事turndown關(guān)??；拒絕turnaway拒絕入內(nèi)；把打發(fā)走turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；趕走；生產(chǎn)turnover打翻；翻身；移交18．outofbreath上氣不接下氣19．outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)20．outofcontrol失控21．outoforder出故障經(jīng)典例句Activitiesalltakeplaceundertheguidanceofanexperiencedtutor.所有活動(dòng)都在經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行。Despitehiscries,noonecametohisassistance.盡管他喊叫，卻沒人來(lái)幫助他。ItwasanimpressiveperformancebytheFrenchteam.那是法國(guó)隊(duì)一次令人嘆服的表現(xiàn)。Children'slivesareindangereverytimetheycrossthisroad.孩子們每次過(guò)這條馬路都面臨著生命危險(xiǎn)。Thechildrenarecompletelyoutofcontrolsincetheirfatherleft.這些孩子自他們的父親離開后就無(wú)法無(wú)天了。Thegamewasalreadyinprogresswhenwetookourseats?我們坐下來(lái)的時(shí)候，比賽已經(jīng)開始了。Mybrotherwasalwaysgettingmeintotroublewithmyparents.以前我弟弟經(jīng)常連累我遭父母的責(zé)難。Thehousetheyhadofferedusturnedouttobeatinyapartment.他們向我們提供的房子原來(lái)是很小的公寓套房。詞匯異空間——派生詞匯原詞詞義派生詞詞義devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專心于devotionn．1.熱愛；投入peacen?和平peacefuladj.peacefullyadv.2.和平的；平靜的；安寧的3．平靜地；和平地violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的violencen.violentlyadv.4.暴力；暴行5．激烈地；劇烈地equaladj.相等的；平等的equallyadv.equalityn.6?同樣地；相等地；公平地7．平等；相等guidev.指導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)guidancen.8.指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)crueladj.殘忍的；殘酷的crueltyn.9.殘忍；殘酷youngadj.年輕的；青春的youthn、10?青年；青年時(shí)期educatevt.教育；訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)educationn．11.教育；教育學(xué)；訓(xùn)練［原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境填空(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Hcation(educate)inBritain.Inhis2.youth(young)，hisambitionwastohelpblacksgain3.equality(equal)，freedomandjustice.Atthattime，deliberate4.cruelty(cruel)toblackswascommon.Hewitnessedmuch5.violent(violence)behaviourtoblacks.Withhis6.guidance(guide)，blackpeoplefoughtfortheirhumanrightsina7.peaceful(peace)manner.Heworkedveryhardandhis8.devotion(devote)tohiscareerwonhimgreathonour.詞法新圖譜——核心詞匯?靈活多變的動(dòng)詞詞匯詞性意義現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專心于devotingdevotedvotevt.&vi.投票；選舉；提議votingvotedattackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊attackingattackedescapevi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；泄露escapingescapededucatevt.教育；訓(xùn)練educatingeducatedrewardvt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞rewardingrewarded［原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境填空(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Ladiesandgentlemen，it'stimeforus1.tovote(vote)tochoosethestarinourcommunity.OnecandidateisAmy.2.Devoted(devote)cating(educate)deafchildren，she4.hasbeenrewarded(reward)withmanytitles.TheothercandidateisTommy，anantiterroristexpert.Hehasmanagedtopreventterroristsfrom5.attacking(attack)somepublicplaces.OK.Let'sbegin.n.［原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境改錯(cuò)Aman，whohadbeenchargedwithattackapolicestationwithbombs，wasescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Manypolicementogetherwithtwodevotingpolicedogsaresearchingforhimeverywhere.Officialssaywhoeverhelpstofindthemanistowellrewarded.Theyalsovoteforthatparentseducatetheirchildrentokeepstrangersatadistance.【答案】Aman，whohadbeenchargedwithattackattackingapolicestationwithbombs,\wasescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Manypolicementogetherwithtwodevotingdevotedpolicedogsaresearchingforhimeverywhere.OfficialssaywhoeverhelpstofindthemanistoAbewellrewarded.Theyalsovote\forthatparentseducatetheirchildrentokeepstrangersatadistance.votetodosth?“為做某事而投票；一致認(rèn)為做某事”；voteon或haveavoteon“對(duì)……進(jìn)行投票表決”。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.“獻(xiàn)身于；致力于”；bedevotedto但oing)sth?“專心于；喜歡……”；devoted還可作“忠心的；忠誠(chéng)的”解，如：adevotedfriend忠心的朋友。rewardsb.forsth.“因某事而獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)某人”；rewardsb.withsth?“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)某人某事；用某物回報(bào)某人”。berewardedwith“獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；報(bào)bechargedwithattackingapolicestation“被控告襲擊警察局”。escapefrom“從逃脫”；escapesth?“避免/躲過(guò)/逃脫某事”；escapebeingdone“沒有被；避免被”。另外，narrowlyescape...“僥幸逃脫/避免/躲過(guò)……”；anarrowescape“死里逃生，九死一生”。?相依為命的詞搭配搭配例釋、聯(lián)想、拓展動(dòng)介turnto求助于；致力于besentencedto被判處（徒刑）votefor投票支持……voteagainst投票反對(duì)Heiskindheartedandthoseintroubleoftenturntohimforhelp.他心地善良，有困難的人常向他求助。Whetheryouvotefororagainsttheplandoesn'tmattermuch.你是贊成還是反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃都不重要。動(dòng)副blowup使充氣；爆炸setup設(shè)立；建立Iwonderiftheschoolcouldsetuprulesagainstsuchbehaviour.我想知道學(xué)校是否能制定規(guī)則制止這種行為。形介beequalto勝任；與相等beequalwith與……平等begenerouswith對(duì)……慷慨Anymanwillbeequaltothetask，solongasheiscareful.Youshouldgiveitatry.只要細(xì)心，任何一個(gè)人都能勝任這份工作。你應(yīng)該嘗試一下。動(dòng)名loseheart喪失勇氣或信心takepower掌權(quán)l(xiāng)osepower下臺(tái)；失去權(quán)力cometopower當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)beinpower執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)（表狀態(tài)）介名inreward作為回報(bào)outofwork失業(yè)asareward（for）作為（對(duì)）報(bào)酬/獎(jiǎng)賞introuble在危險(xiǎn)、憂慮等的處境中beofhighquality高質(zhì)量inrewardfor作為對(duì)……的報(bào)酬outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的；陳舊的outofoffic下臺(tái)；在野原創(chuàng)晤境填空WhenIwasout1.ofwor，kIhadnoonetoturntoforhelp.Myhusbandencouragedmenevertolose(lose)heart.LateroneofhisfriendsWuDongdroppedin.Heset4.upacompanyafewyearsago，makingchildren'sclothes5.ofhighquality.Heaskedmetoworkinhiscompany，sayingthatIshouldbeequal6.tothisjob.HowgratefulIwastohim!Hewasboundtogetsomething7.inrewardforhiskindness.II.原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境改錯(cuò)Whenthenewrulercametothepower，hecarriedonahighpressurepolicy.Myunclewassentencedforthreeyearsinprisonbecausehewasvotedagainstthegovernment'spolicy.Angrysupportersofmyuncleblowupthegovernmentofficebuildingandforcedtherulertobeoutofhisoffice.【答案】Whenthenewrulercameto\thepower,hecarriedonahighpressurepolicy.Myunclewassentencedfortothreeyearsinprisonbecausehe\wasvotedagainstthegovernment'spolicy.Angrysupportersofmyuncleblowblewupthegovernmentofficebuildingandforcedtherulertobeoutof\hisoffice.句法新天地——重點(diǎn)句型無(wú)生命的名詞作主語(yǔ)；抽象地點(diǎn)名詞后接定語(yǔ)從句［教材原句］Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress，untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。(1)see在此處的主語(yǔ)為物，意為“見證；目睹”是一種擬人的用法，可使語(yǔ)言變得生動(dòng)°see,ind等動(dòng)詞表示某地或某時(shí)“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”了某事，可以使用一個(gè)無(wú)生命的名詞作主語(yǔ)的句式。(2)句中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為stage。當(dāng)先行詞是point，situation，stage，condition和case等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。Thestonebridgesawmanychangesofthiscity.這座石橋見證了這個(gè)城市的諸多變化。Theduskfoundalittlegirlcryinginthestreet.黃昏時(shí)，一個(gè)小女孩在街上哭。I'vecometothepointwhereIcan'tstandhim.我已到了無(wú)法忍受他的地步。only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句［教材原句］...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。在英語(yǔ)句子中，為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，把"only+狀語(yǔ)(副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/從句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝形式，即把主句中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前面。Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth，whichwasabigsurprise.直到昨天他父親才把真相告訴他，這對(duì)他真是一個(gè)令人吃驚的消息。Onlyinthiswaycanwestudentsstudyhappilyandeffectively.我們學(xué)生只有以這種方式才能愉快、有效地學(xué)習(xí)。若only修飾主語(yǔ)，即使放在句首，句子也不倒裝。連詞thefirsttime［教材原句］IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我的心情很不好。句中的thefirsttime用作連詞，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“第一次”ThefirsttimeIinterviewedhim，helookedabitnervous.我第一次去采訪他時(shí)，他看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)緊張。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的名詞短語(yǔ)和連詞還有：each/everytime每次……的時(shí)候nexttime下次……時(shí)anytime任何時(shí)候lasttime上次……時(shí)bythetime到……為止themoment/theminute/theinstant一……就……immediately/directly一……就……(4)forthefirsttime只用作句子的狀語(yǔ)，不具有連詞功能，不可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。Each/EverytimeIseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingpapers.每次我在公園里看到這位老人時(shí)，他都在專注地讀報(bào)。ThemomentIcameintotheclassroom，Isawthesentenceontheblackboard.我一走進(jìn)教室就看到了黑板上的句子。Hepaidbackthemoneyheowedusimmediatelyhereturnedhome.他一回到家就把欠我們的錢還上了。即時(shí)演練I?［原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境填空Recentyears1.haveseen(see)atendencyinChinathattourismisgrowingfast.2.Sincemorepeoplearetravellingtoplacesofinterest，wesuddenlyfindourcountryinasituation3.wherewelacktopqualitytourismservices.Forexample，thefirst4.timeIwenttovisitDali，YunnanProvince，Iwasbadlytreatedinahotel.It'swidelyacceptedthat5.onlybyimprovingthequalityofservice6.canweensurethehealthydevelopmentoftourism.n.［原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境改錯(cuò)Theoldtemplehasbeenwitnessedgreatchangesofthisvillage.ThelasttimewhenIcamehere，itwasoldandshabby.Butnowitlooksmodernandtidy.Sinceitseconomyisdevelopingrapidly，thevillagersarewellpaidthaneverbefore.Manypeoplehavereachedthepointthattheyshoulddecidehowtogettheirkidswell-educated.Theyknowthatonlywhenthekidslearnmoreknowledgecanmakeagreatercontributiontotheirvillageinthefuture.【答案】Theoldtemplehas\beenwitnessedgreatchangesofthisvillage.Thelasttime'whenIcamehere，itwasoldandshabby.Butnowitlooksmodernandtidy.Sinceitseconomyisdevelopingrapidly，thevillagersarewellbetterpaidthaneverbefore.Manypeoplehavereachedthepointthatwheretheyshoulddecidehowtogettheirkidswelleducated.TheyknowthatonlywhenthekidslearnmoreknowledgecanAtheymakeagreatercontributiontotheirvillageinthefuture.冷知識(shí)詳單——查缺補(bǔ)漏I?單句填空1．Motheroftenputsacoveroverthedishesaftermealstokeepthemfreefromdirt.2．Ourgovernmenthastakenmeasurestofightagainstpollutionforacleanenvironment.3．Idon'tbelievewhatshesaidabouttheaccidentthoughIbelieveinher.4．Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel，butperhapsIshouldhavedriven(drive)herthere.H?單句改錯(cuò)1．Hewasgenerouswithhistime，towhichIwasgrateful.toffor2．InfactIdonotbelievefate；Ionlybelieveinbothhandstofight.fate前加in3．Hegotbadlyinjuredyesterday，buthecanhaveavoidedthat.canfcould皿?［原創(chuàng)］語(yǔ)境改錯(cuò)Bettywillhaveaninterviewnextweek，andshehasbeenworriedaboutitfordays.Tokeepherselffreeawayfromanxiety，sheconsultedapsychologistthisafternoon，ofwhomshewasquitefamiliar.Thepsychologistjokedthatsheshouldhavecontacthimearlier.Hesaid，“Themostvitalthingisthatyoumustbelieveyourself.Ahotbathbeforesleepmayhelptofightfornegativeemotionssu