法律英語(yǔ)詞匯

一、action訴訟tobringanaction/lawsuitagainstsb.向某人提起訴訟，到法院告某人defendant被告appellant上訴人appellee被上訴人causeofaction案由transaction交易tojoinsb.asplaintiff/defendant與某人共同起訴、把某人作為第三人被告合并起訴tomakeacompletedeterminationofacontroversy徹底解決爭(zhēng)端tobeliable負(fù)有責(zé)任toreston依靠，依賴adversary敵手，對(duì)手；敵對(duì)的adversarysystem抗辯制advocate用戶，提倡；擁護(hù)者，辯護(hù)者produce拿出，出示evidence證據(jù)inquisitorial糾問的civillawtradition大陸法傳統(tǒng)presentation介紹，陳述intervene干涉，介入safeguard預(yù)防措施，保證條款；保護(hù)prevalence流行，盛行manifold多種多樣的contest比賽interested有利害關(guān)系的resolution解決tobeartheburdenof承擔(dān)toreduce...to把.....降為，把......歸納為unbiased無(wú)偏見的satisfy滿足，符合critic批評(píng)者merit事實(shí)真相，是非曲直phase階段reside屬于，歸于affirmative肯定的，積極的join合并tobeliabletosb.forsth.因某事對(duì)某人負(fù)有責(zé)任toreston依靠toresidein/with屬于二、allege聲稱allegation聲稱injury傷害potential潛在的，有可能的relief救濟(jì)，司法救濟(jì)；緩解，減輕redress糾正，補(bǔ)償redressable可糾正的；可補(bǔ)償?shù)膖ofurnisharelief提供法律救助probability概率settlement調(diào)解，解決arbitration仲裁tohearacase處理案件aspect方面jurisdictionoverthesubjectmatter對(duì)事管轄權(quán)jurisdictionovertheparties對(duì)人管轄權(quán)damages賠償金breach違反，違約removal（案件的）移送voluntarily自愿地submit服從；提交minimum最低限度（的），起碼（的）minimumcontacts最低限度聯(lián)系venue審判地territorial領(lǐng)土的，地區(qū)的tobeworth值得arise(from,outof,under)(由......)引起，（由......）產(chǎn)生三、pleading訴狀，答辯狀，狀紙tofileapleading/lawsuitwiththecourt向法院提交訴訟狀或答辯狀、辦理立案tosetfouth陳述，闡明contention論點(diǎn)complaint起訴狀clerk書記員summons傳票toserveasummons,complaint,legaldocumentonsb.向某人送達(dá)（傳票、起訴書、法律文書）notify通知tonotifysb.ofsth.告知某人某事response反應(yīng)respond作出反應(yīng)effect實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到sufficiency充足性material實(shí)質(zhì)性的，重要的affirmativedefense積極抗辯counterclaim反訴extenuate（用辯解）減輕default未到庭，缺席，未履行義務(wù)tobeindefault未到庭，未履行義務(wù)challenge提出異議，反對(duì)motion動(dòng)議dismiss駁回，不受理；解雇，免.....職serviceofprocess=serviceofsummons,傳票送達(dá)tofile...with在......存檔（立案）tosetforth陳述tonotifysb.of把......告知某人issue爭(zhēng)議；頒發(fā)forpurposesof(argument)為（爭(zhēng)論方便）起見四、technique技巧，手段，方法discovery取證，調(diào)查depose錄取證詞，宣誓證明deposition證詞筆錄oath宣誓compulsory強(qiáng)制性的physical體格的，身體的violate違反obey服從probable很可能的predict預(yù)言priorto在......之前contribution(to)對(duì)......作出貢獻(xiàn)，促成，是......的部分原因summaryjudgment即決判決，簡(jiǎn)易判決viable切實(shí)可行的affidavit書證，書面陳述admissible（證據(jù)）允許提出的，可采納的harassment騷擾，擾亂legitimate合法的abusive濫用的maneuver（用）策略，（耍）花招annoyance煩惱，惱怒；騷擾lengthy冗長(zhǎng)的toleadto導(dǎo)致torespondto對(duì).....作出反應(yīng)（回答）tocontributeto促成，是.....的部分原因infavorof贊成，支持；對(duì)......有利五、provide(for)規(guī)定asserttherightto主張......權(quán)利impanel將.....列入陪審員名單toimpanelthejury組成陪審團(tuán)random任意行動(dòng)，隨機(jī)過(guò)程atrandom任意的，隨機(jī)的eligible合格的，有條件的prospective預(yù)期的，未來(lái)的，即將產(chǎn)生的tochallengeaprospectivejurorforcause以明確的理由對(duì)陪審員候選人提出異議peremptory無(wú)須說(shuō)明理由的，絕對(duì)的peremptorychallenge絕對(duì)異議權(quán)swear發(fā)誓，使......宣誓familiarize使......熟悉tofamiliarizesb.withsth.使某人熟悉某事exhibit證據(jù)，物證examination質(zhì)證directexamination直接質(zhì)證crossexamination交叉質(zhì)證inadmissible（證據(jù)）不允許出示的rule(on)對(duì)......作出裁決tenor趨向rest舉證完畢direct指示verdict（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定directedverdict指令裁定（法官指令陪審團(tuán)作出的裁定）overrule否決駁回tobeexposedto暴露于tosubmitsth.to把......提交給instruction指導(dǎo)juryinstruction（法官）對(duì)陪審團(tuán)的指導(dǎo)toinstructthejuryon就......問題對(duì)陪審團(tuán)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明credibility可信性toenterajudgmentfor/againstsb.判決某人勝訴/敗訴burdenofproof舉證責(zé)任hung（陪審團(tuán)）未能達(dá)到足夠多數(shù)人贊同的，未能作出決定的judgmentnotwithstandingtheverdict(judgmentn.o.v.)法官推翻陪審團(tuán)裁定的判決toprovide提供，規(guī)定torule作出裁決toexpose...to使......暴露于tosubmit...to向......提交submitto服從，屈從，歸順六、review復(fù)審discretion斟酌，自由裁量atthediscretionof由......斟酌決定，由......自由裁量appealbond上訴擔(dān)保書transcript抄本，復(fù)本，文字記錄decree命令toappealfrom(adecisionofalowercourt)（不服下級(jí)法官判決）進(jìn)行上訴topresentsth.to將......遞交給oralargument口頭辯論opinion判決（意見）書affirm維持（原判），確認(rèn)，斷言reverse推翻（原判），逆轉(zhuǎn)remand發(fā)回重審toremandacase(foranewtrial)將案子發(fā)回重審rehear重新審理expire期滿，期限終止tocomplywith照做，遵守creditor債權(quán)人judgmentcreditor判決債權(quán)人writofexecution執(zhí)行令sheriff行政司法長(zhǎng)官，縣治安官personalproperty動(dòng)產(chǎn)debtor債務(wù)人judgmentdebtor判決債務(wù)人thereof=ofthatproceeds收益entitle使.....有權(quán)tobeentitledto有權(quán)realestate不動(dòng)產(chǎn)judicialsale為清償判決債務(wù)由司法行政官主持的拍賣toapplysth.on/against把某物用于抵沖lien留置權(quán)，扣押權(quán)tohaveajudiciallienon對(duì)......有司法留置權(quán)duringthelifeof(ajudgment)在（判決）有效期內(nèi)garnish留置（債務(wù)人在第三人手中的財(cái)產(chǎn)），扣押garnishment留置，扣押bankaccount銀行賬戶obligation義務(wù)，責(zé)任dispose處置todisposeof處置某物attach扣押attachment扣押pending未決的