醫(yī)學英語詞匯

v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改PostAfter,behindPostoperative(afteroperation);postpartum(afterchildbirth);postocular(behindeye)PreBefore,infrontofPremaxillary(infrontofmaxilla);preoral(infrontofmouth)ProBefore,infrontofPrognosis(foreknowledge);prophase(appearbefore)ReBack,again,contraryReflex(bendback);revert(turnagainto);regurgitation(backwardflowing,contrarytonormal)RetroBackward,locatedbehindRetrocervical(locatedbehindcervix);retrograde(goingbackward);retrolingual.(behindtongue)Semicartilaginous(halfcartilage);SemiHalfsemilunar(halfmoon);semiconscious(halfconscious)SubUnderSubcutaneous(underskin);subarachnoid(underarachnoid);subungual(undernail)SuperAbove,upper,excessiveSupercilia(upperbrows);supernumerary(excessivenumber);supermedial(abovemiddle)SupraAbove,upper,excessiveSuprarenal(abovekidney);suprasternal(abovesternum);suprascapular(onupperpartofscapula)Symphysis(growingtogether);synapsisSym,syndromeTogether,with(joiningtogether);synarthrosis(articulationofjointstogether)TransAcross,through,Transection(cutacross);transduodenalv1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改19191919v1.0v1.0可編輯可修改18181818beyond（throughduodenum）;transmit（sendbeyond）beyondUltraviolet（beyondvioletendofspectrum）;ultraligation（ligationofvesselbeyondpointUltra Beyond,inexcessoforigin）;ultrasonic（soundwavesbeyondtheupperfrequencyofhearingbyhumanear）第三章醫(yī)學英語術(shù)語學后綴概論一、醫(yī)學英語術(shù)語后綴簡介Asuffixfollowstheendofawordandformsanewword.Inmedicalterminology,asuffixprovidesimportantcluesaboutaword'sdefinition.后綴：用于單詞后作為添加詞素來改變詞匯含義的一小部分或改變詞性但不明顯改變一個單詞的含義。1、不明顯改變詞義的后綴，根據(jù)詞性分類：a.名詞性后綴： -ness,-ance,-ship,-ageb .動詞性后綴： -fy,-ize,-ate,-enc .形容詞性后綴：-less,-full,-ish,-able,-actived .副詞性后綴：-ly,-ward,-wise2、有特定清晰的含義的后綴：itis:inflammation （炎癥） bronchitis,conjunctivitis,tracheitis （氣管炎）cyte:cell（細胞） phagocyte （吞噬細胞）pepsia:digestion （消化） dispepsia （消化不良）pathy:disease（?。?mastopathy（乳腺病）二、醫(yī)學英語術(shù)語后綴分類結(jié)構(gòu)分類：簡單后綴（simplesuffix）和復合后綴（compoundsuffix）Simplesuffix:-ism,-itis,-ia,-ic,-oid,-oma,-osis,-yCompoundsuffix:-fissure,-ectomy,-sclerosis,-trophySomeexamplesofsuffixes:-

componentneaningexample-AEMIAconditionofbloodleukaemia=cancerofbloodcells-ECTOMYexcision/removalnephrectomy=excisionofakidney-ITISinflammationhepatitis=inflammationoftheliver-OLOGYstudy/scienceofcytology=thestudyofcells-OMAtumourretinoblastoma=tumouroftheeye-PATHYdiseaseneuropathy=diseaseofthenervoussystem-OSISdisease/conditionnecrosis=dyingcells三、術(shù)語后綴的起源和含義功能1、起源于實體單詞，表示勝利或者病例的狀況：:-spasm（痙攣） typhlospasm （盲腸痙攣）-edema （水腫） podedma （足水腫）-necrosis （壞死） odontonecrosis （牙壞死）-stenosis （狹窄） arteriostenosis （動脈狹窄）-ectopia （異位） splenectopia （脾移位）-ectasis （擴張） cholecystectasis （膽囊擴張）-lithiasis （結(jié)石） hepatolithiasis （月干石?。?pyosis （下垂） blepharoptopsis （瞼下垂）2、后綴意指檢查診斷和治療過程此類后綴大多數(shù)是復合后綴，包含了詞根和簡單后綴：如：-iatry含義為healing,treatment-centesis--surgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluidarthrocentesis （關(guān)節(jié)穿刺術(shù)）-ectomy--cuttingoutadenoidectomy （增殖腺切開術(shù)）-graphy recording ,writingcardiography （心電圖）-metrymeasuringpelvimetry（骨盆測量儀）-metrymeasuringpelvimetry（骨盆測量儀）v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改20202020-pexy fixingbysuturingcolopexy （結(jié)腸固定術(shù)）-plasty reshapingorrepair——mycostasis （肌成型術(shù)）-scopy examiningwithmirrorcystoscopy （膀胱鏡檢）-stasis arresting ,haltinglaryngostasis （喉阻塞）-stomy makinganopeningthoracostomy （胸廓造口術(shù)，吻口術(shù)）-tomy cuttinginto craniotripsy （顱骨切除術(shù)）四、常見后綴分類和詞匯實例TABLE1:Thefollowingtableconsistsofsuffixesshowingdiseaseorchangeinthebody.SuffixMeaningExample-algiapaintalalgia（踝痛）ankle-celeherniagastrocele（胃膨出）stomach-dyniapain,urodynia（尿痛）swellingurine-ectasisdilation,expansionBronchiolectasis（支氣管擴張）bronchus-（a）emiabloodleuk（a）emia（白血病）white-genproducing,Carcinogen（致癌物）beginningcancer-iasisabnormalcondition,formationof,presenceofCholelithiasis（膽結(jié)石）gallstonev1.0v1.0可編輯可修改-itisinflammationHepatitis（肝炎）stomach-malaciasofteningOsteomalacia（骨軟化）bone-megalyenlargementSplenomegaly（脾腫大）spleen-oidresembleFibroid（纖維狀的）fibres-omatumourAdenoma（腺瘤）gland-osisabnormalcondition,Dermatosis（皮膚?。﹕kin-pathydiseaseNephropathy（腎病）kidney-peniadecrease,deficiencyerthyropeniared（cell）-phagiaeating,swallowingdysphagiadifficult-phasiaspeechaphasiawithout-plegiaparalysis,strokehemiplegiahalf-phobiafearacrophobiaheights2121v1.0v1.0可編輯可修改22222222-ptosisprolapse,fallingblepharoptosisdroppingeyelid-rrhageburstforthhaemorrhageblood-rrheadischarge,diarrheaflowofwaterystools-rrhexisruptureenterorrhexisintestines-sclerosishardeningartheriosclerosisjoints-spasminvoluntarybronchospasmcontraction,bronchustwitchingTable2:SuffixesusedfordiagnosesSuffixMeaningExample-gramrecordofdataencephalogrambrain-graphinstrumentforrecordingcardiographheart-graphyactofrecordingdataradiography-meterinstrumentformeasuringcraniometercranium-metrymeasurementofaudiometryv1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改23232323audio(hearing)-scopeinstrumentforviewinglaryngoscopelarynx-scopyexaminationoflaparoscopyabdomenTable3:Thesesuffixesdescribetypesofincisionsmadeduringsurgery.SuffixMeaningExample-ectomyremovalmastectomybreast-centesistap,puncturethoracentesischest-stomymouth,forminganopeningcolostomycolon-tomyincision,tocutintotracheotomytracheaTable3:Thefollowingsuffixesalsodescribesurgeryintermsofrepairing,rebuilding,reconstructing,orbindingSuffixMeaningExample-desisbinding,stabilizationpleurodesispleuralmembrane(liningofthelung)-rrhapysuturearteriorrhaphyartery-pexyfixation,suspensiongastropexystomachv1.0v1.0可編輯可修改25252525v1.0v1.0可編輯可修改24242424-plastyformation,plasticrepairrhinoplastynose-clasistobreakdown,refractureosteoclasisbone-lysisloosen,freeformadhesions,destructionenterolysissmallintestine-tripsytocrushcholelithotripsygallstoneTable4:Adjectiveendingsthatmean"pertainingto"are:AdjectiveendingsExample-accadiacheart-alskeletalskeleton-arysalivarysaliva-icpelvicpelvis-icalsurgicalsurgery-ousvenousvein-ticparalyticparalysis-armuscular

musclesTable5:ThesesuffixesshowthewordisanounNounendingsMeaningExample-iacindicatespersonafflictedwithcertaindiseasesorconditionshemophiliac-iaanunhealthystateanesthesia-isformsthenounfromtherootcutisskin-ismcondition,stateofbeingalcholismalcohol-istonewhospecialisesradiologistradiology-ycondition,processneuropathynervoussystemdiseaseTable6:Thesesuffixesshowthewordisasmallversionofathing.DiminutiveendingMeaningExample-oleartioleartery-iclesmall,littleminuteparticlepiecev1.0v1.0可編輯可修改26262626-uleveinuleveinTable7:Thesesuffixesindicatewhetherthenounissingularorplural.2PluralExampleSingularExamplePluralaaepatellapatellaeaxacesthoraxthroraceseninalumenluminaix/exicesindexindicessissesdiagnosisdiagnosesonagangliongangliaumaovumovausidigitusdigitiyiesdeformitydeformitiesmamatacarcinomacarcinomatav1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改27272727ChapterReview1-1nilintheblanks;ArantwirhavoweladdedgnidinpronuneiarirtnXcalledafiiiAwordpart(hatconicsbeforearoottsa(n)*Combinethewordpartsdi-meaning"throughandmeaning*'flow/ftoformawordmeaning‘passageILuid5【ooL" Combinethero(Mpsych,meaningmind/withthe^ulHx4ogykmeaningstudyuf,"(ofbnnawordineaning飛tudyofihcmind.' Multiplechoice:SelectthebestanswerandwritetlicletterofyourcJiokctotheleftnfcadinumber.5.Whichofthefollowingisacompouiiciword?nunnfirybskdciali.耳dWuilLtolLLLdld.coronan.cartery6JTheadjetlivelurUiuriix汨athoinxicbthoracicc.ihoral<1,ihorialerh^rnxial7.AnacronyTnisformedfromaapropernamebIalinorGrcrkcAtoiupenndwordkl.llicfirblItlieiofeach^oidl]a.pLia"etwoormorerootsPronounce(hefblhnvingwords:8.dv5functionfQ一rheiiTTKiio-idchronologicI】pbarviixv1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改28282828CaseStudyCaseStudy1-1:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryoccasionalbloodyurine,shesawAurologist.Later,forapersistentdrycougjtiDxS.ta28-year-oldwoman,wastreatedforinjuriessuslainedinAtrainderailmentaccident.Duringlliccoursehertreatment,5hcwas^enbystver.ilspecialists.Forpaininherkneeandhipjoints,shewasreferredLooriliopixiist.formigrainehejdachcsandblurryvision,sIkconsultedaneurologistForpainonuriiuLicmandandproblemsresultingfromafracturednose,shewasreferredleanotartuiiolaryngolagist.Duringherinitialcourseoftreatment,shehadaCTscanofherabdomenandbrainandanMRIofherhipandknee.Bothinitigingstudiesrequiredhertoliemotionlessonherbtickoccasionalbloodyurine,shesawAurologist.Later,forapersistentdrycougjtiS€verilmonthsitftcithe(icddeni,DSwetsstillexpenciKingsomediscomfort,ind41。decidedtoin-vistigflicakernativetherapies.Sheniatlcanjppointineniwithannuristpracutioncrvdi。specialLzcdinh.omeopalhyand.herbalmedicine.BeforeKerappointmen[TshebrowsedintheWutia-MedicaShop,whicliearnednutritionalsupplements,vitaminandmineraJproducts,homeopathicremedies,andherbalformulas.SheplannedLoaskthetherapistaboutsomeofthepnxlua士Hlushe there,whichincludedArthogesia-PIns^RenovitenNephrostatTandHematone.Arthogesia-PIns^Ren