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SectionI:StructureandVocabularyPartABeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],B),[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)BythetimeyouarriveinLondon, inEuropefortwoshallhavewillhavehavebeenI theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearshavingbeenhavingtohavebeentohaveLivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasits obtainingwaterisnottheofforTheheart ligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythenotnotnothefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.WhitepersistedinhisBecauseAsInspiteInviewJeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitinreligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.isto hasbeenbeshouldhave Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand, allpracticalvaluebythetimetheyfinished.couldwouldhavemightoughttohaveNobreadeatenbymanissosweet earnedbyhisownItisn’tcoldenoughfor afrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitewouldtoScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years warmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.aslongasmuchassoonPartBEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)Similarelementsintheprehistoricremains[A]frombothareassuggest[B]that nsandtheirneighbourshadmaintained[C]distantbutrealconnectionsever[D]before1500B.C.Itsoonbecameobviously[A]thatinsteadofbeingtrained[B]tosing d[C]betrainedas[D]theastronomer’sassistant.Healsoconceived[A]thatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcome[B]intoexistenceby[C]anaturalprocessandwoulddisappear[D]oneday.Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimesless[A]thantheearth[B];inconsequence[C],theforceof[D]gravityatthemoon’ssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth’ssurface.“TheBunsenburnerisso[A]namedbecauseitisthought[B]tobeinvented[C]byRobertBunsen,whowasGermanby[D]birth.Muchalthough[A]Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequal[B]herinthoroughness,whatever[C]thejob[D].Theweeds[A]andtallgrassinthatyardmakes[B]thehouselook[C]asifithadbeenvacant[D]forquitesometime.Ifonly[A]thenatureoftheagingprocessis[B]betterunderstood,thepossibilityofdiscovering[C]amedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseems[D]veryremote.WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheis[A]asapainter[B],Icannothelpbutbelieving[C]thatthepublic[D]willappreciatehisgift.Allenhasstated[A]thathehasalwayshad[B]agreatinterest[C]andadmirationfor[D]theworkoftheBritisheconomistKeynes.PartCBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Pleasedonot byhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractCraigassuredhisbossthathe allhisenergies ngthisnewcallcallcallcallToo toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetotheWhenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes ,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofItiswellknownthatknowledgeis conditionforexpansionofMorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates fromtheBritishEmpireand eanindependentcountry.gotpulledbrokeattachedCareshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatone loudcontinuoussubjectedfilleddroppedSomeofthemostimportantconceptsin theirsuccesstothesemathematicalAsyourinstructoradvised,yououghttospendyourtimeon Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals asubstancetoabsorbharmfulWithoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,people beabletoinnobyallinnoonanyWhilety,HelenhasahabitofstoptogiveherlongandflowinghairaOnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat educatetheirchildren.Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.putputputputIsupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingto toTheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n) ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomusedinordinaryInmyopinion,youcanwiden oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveYourimproperwordswill todoubtsconcerningyourtrueThenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreport ontheontheontheontheTheremarkable oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofSectionII:ClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinfollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoicewordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhis[A][A][A][A]passtakebackstir[A][A][A][A][A][A]SectionIII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmento izeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto izetheir es,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.InLine11,Paragraph1,“thedesireofindividualstoize es” Americansareneversatisfiedwith Americanstendtooverstate Americanswanttohave esAmericanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpowerof Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphlus producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedconsumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersdecidethepricesofsupplyanddemandregulateAccordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterized privatepropertyandrightsmanpowerandnaturalresourcesownershipofproductivefreecontractsandThepassageismainly howAmericangoodsarehowAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsText2OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhos,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashlesssociety”isnotonthehorizon--it’salreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstorscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowing nelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-yzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner withdrawasmuoneyfromthebankasheobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopleenjoygreatertrustfromthecashmoneywhereverhewishesFromthe tenceofthefirstparagraphwelearn inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatesnowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayinitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanThephrase“ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans makeanorderofrecordsalesonacashcallthesaleskeeptrackofthegoodsinWhatisthispassagemainlyApproachestothecommercialuseofConveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinAdvantagesofcreditcardsinExceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding--theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren--therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren--disabledornot--toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandtheexceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenexceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandtheneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalThereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationis theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthethey eaburdenofthetheyshouldfullydeveloptheirdisabledchildrendeservespecialThispassagemainlydeals thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningthedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernthespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalthenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalFromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptional isnowenjoyinglegaldisagreeswiththetraditionofthewasclearlystatedbythecountry’swillexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisionsText4“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbyofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,”saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.“But,”hecautions,“somepeoplehavetheideathatonceunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.”Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging--13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff, escancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.“Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,”saysoncologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,“Wecan’tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,are“First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction.”TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisused predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinaindicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerareprovethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtywarnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeTheauthorimpliesthatbytheyear therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancer90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbethesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvarioustherewon’tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerOncogenesarecancer-causing thatarealwaysinoperationinawhichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotthatcanbedrivenoutofnormalwhichnormalcellscan’tturnTheword“dormant”inthethirdparagraphmostprobably Text5Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal--andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfanciful ions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolid“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’snoparticularvirtueinngthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,”wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontosimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:“Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?”Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaverage willautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whiayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.HighlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentWhatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind”inthefirst ignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinAcitizenofasocietythatrestrictsal whohashadnoAnindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyThevarietyofideastheyThe ligencetheyThewaytheydealwithThewaytheypresenttheirTheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3 RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumanthequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewways ngthereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch’spointofthequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslyThephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer”(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare diligentinpursuingtheirreluctanttofollowcommonwaysofngdevotedtotheprogressofconcernedabouttheadvanceofsocietySectionIV:English-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.(72)“Inshort,”aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,“thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofsc