Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語

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THEDATAOFMACROECONOMICS宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁!MeasuringaNation’sIne

一國收入的衡量Chapter23Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁!Microeconomics

微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Microeconomics

isthestudyofhowindividualhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets.微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究家庭和企業(yè)如何作出決策，以及他們?nèi)绾卧谑袌錾舷嗷ソ灰?。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁!Macroeconomics

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroeconomics

isthestudyoftheeconomyasawhole.

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究整體經(jīng)濟(jì)。Itsgoalistoexplaintheeconomicchangesthataffectmanyhouseholds,firms,andmarketsatonce.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的目標(biāo)是解釋同時影響許多家庭、企業(yè)和市場的經(jīng)濟(jì)變化。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁!宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)回答以下問題：為什么一些國家平均收入高，而另一些國家平均收入低?為什么一些時期物價上升迅速，而另一些時期物價較為穩(wěn)定?為什么一些年份生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)擴(kuò)大，而另一些年份收縮？Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁!TheEconomy’sIneandExpenditure

經(jīng)濟(jì)的收入與支出Foraneconomyasawhole,inemustequalexpenditure

because:對一個整體經(jīng)濟(jì)而言，收入必定等于支出，因為：Everytransactionhasabuyerandaseller.每一次交易都有買者和賣者。Everydollarofspendingbysomebuyerisadollarofineforsomeseller.

某個買者的1美元支出就是某個賣者的1美元收入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁!國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)

衡量一個經(jīng)濟(jì)體的收入和支出。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)

是在某一既定時期一個國家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的所有最終商品（物品）與服務(wù)（勞務(wù)）的市場價值。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的衡量Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁!Figure1TheCircular-FlowDiagramSpendingGoodsandservicesboughtRevenueGoodsandservicessoldLabor,land,andcapitalIne

=Flowofinputs

andoutputs

=FlowofdollarsFactorsofproductionWages,rent,andprofit

FIRMSProduceandsellgoodsandservicesHireandusefactorsofproduction

BuyandconsumegoodsandservicesOwnandsellfactorsofproductionHOUSEHOLDS

HouseholdssellFirmsbuyMARKETSFORFACTORSOFPRODUCTION

FirmssellHouseholdsbuyMARKETSFORGOODSANDSERVICESChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁!TheMeasurementofGDP

GDP的衡量GDPisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.GDP

是在某一既定時期一個國家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的所有最終物品與勞務(wù)的市場價值。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁!GDP的衡量“GDP是市場價值...”產(chǎn)出按市場價格來評價?！?..所有的...”GDP只包括最終物品的價值，而不包括中間品的價值（價值只能計算一次）。“...物品與勞務(wù)...“它既包括有形的物品（食物、衣服、汽車），也包括無形的勞務(wù)（理發(fā)、打掃房屋、醫(yī)生出診）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁!GDP的衡量“...生產(chǎn)的...”它包括現(xiàn)期生產(chǎn)的物品與勞務(wù)，并不包括涉及過去生產(chǎn)的東西的交易。“...一個國家之內(nèi)...”它衡量的生產(chǎn)價值是在一個國家的地理范圍之內(nèi)。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁!THECOMPONENTSOFGDP

GDP的組成部分GDPincludesallitemsproducedintheeconomyandsoldlegallyinmarkets.

GDP包括一個經(jīng)濟(jì)體生產(chǎn)并在市場上合法銷售的所有物品與勞務(wù)。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁!GDP的組成部分什么未計算在GDP之內(nèi)？GDP不包括在家里生產(chǎn)和消費而沒有進(jìn)入市場的大多數(shù)商品和服務(wù)。GDP不包括非法生產(chǎn)和銷售的項目，如毒品。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁!OtherMeasuresofIne

其他收入衡量指標(biāo)PersonalIne

個人收入DisposablePersonalIne

個人可支配收入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁!國民總收入國民總收入(GNP)

是一國永久居民（稱為國民）所賺到的總收入。GNP

與GDP不同之處在于包括本國公民在國外賺到的收入，而不包括外國人在本國賺到的收入。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁!國民生產(chǎn)凈值(NNP)國民生產(chǎn)凈值(NNP)是一國居民的總收入減去折舊的消耗。折舊是經(jīng)濟(jì)中設(shè)備和建筑物存量的磨損或損耗。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁!國民收入國民收入是一國居民在物品與勞務(wù)生產(chǎn)中賺到的總收入。國民收入與國民產(chǎn)值的不同之處在于不包括間接的企業(yè)稅（例如銷售稅）而包括企業(yè)補(bǔ)貼。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁!個人收入個人收入是居民戶和非公司企業(yè)得到的收入。與國民收入不同，個人收入不包括留存收益（未分配利潤），留存收益是公司賺到但沒有支付給其所有者的收入。另外，個人收入包括家庭從其持有政府債券中得到的利息收入，以及從政府得到的轉(zhuǎn)移支付（例如福利和社會保障收入）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁!個人可支配收入個人可支配收入是家庭和非公司企業(yè)在完成他們對政府的義務(wù)之后剩下的收入。個人可支配收入等于個人收入減去個人所得稅和某些非稅收支付（例如，交通罰單）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁!TheComponentsofGDP

GDP的組成部分Consumption消費

(C):Thespendingbyhouseholdsongoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofpurchasesofnewhousing.家庭除了購買新住房以外用于物品與勞務(wù)的支出。Investment投資

(I):Thespendingoncapitalequipment, inventories,andstructures,includingnewhousing.

用于資本設(shè)備、存貨和建筑物的支出，其中包括家庭用于購買新住房的支出。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁!GDP的組成部分政府購買(G):地方、州和聯(lián)邦政府用于物品與勞務(wù)的支出。政府購買不包括轉(zhuǎn)移支付，因為這種支付并不要求交換現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的物品與勞務(wù)。凈出口(NX):出口減進(jìn)口Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁!表1.GDP和其組成部分（1998）總量（10億美元）人均量（美元）占百分比（％）國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值，Y1008235375100消費，C69872451669投資，I1586556516政府購買，G1858651918凈出口，NX-349-1225-3Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第22頁!GDP和其組成部分(2001)消費69%政府購買18%凈出口-3%投資16%Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第23頁!RealversusNominalGDP

實際GDP與名義GDPAnaccurateviewoftheeconomyrequiresadjustingnominaltorealGDPbyusingtheGDPdeflator.如果想對經(jīng)濟(jì)有一個更準(zhǔn)確的理解，需要用GDP平減指數(shù)將名義GDP轉(zhuǎn)換成實際GDP。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第24頁!Table2RealandNominalGDP實際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western計算名義GDP:2001($1/個熱狗X100個）+（$2/個漢堡X50個）＝￥2002002($2/個熱狗X100個）+（$3/個漢堡X50個）＝￥6002003($3/個熱狗X100個）+（$4/個漢堡X50個）＝￥1200Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第25頁!GDPDeflatorGDP平減指數(shù)TheGDP

deflator

measuresthecurrentlevelofpricesrelativetothelevelofpricesinthebaseyear.

GDP平減指數(shù)衡量相對于基年價格的現(xiàn)期物價水平。IttellsustheriseinnominalGDPthatisattributabletoariseinpricesratherthanariseinthequantitiesproduced.

GDP平減指數(shù)說明在名義GDP增長中，多少歸因于價格的上升而不是產(chǎn)量的增加。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第26頁!ConvertingNominalGDPtoRealGDP

將名義GDP轉(zhuǎn)換成實際GDPNominalGDPisconvertedtorealGDPasfollows:轉(zhuǎn)換如下：Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第27頁!Figure2RealGDPintheUnitedStatesBillionsof1996Dollars$10,0009,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0001970197519801985199020001995Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第28頁!GDPandEconomicWell-Being

GDP和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利GDPisthebestsinglemeasureoftheeconomicwell-beingofasociety.

GDP是社會經(jīng)濟(jì)福利一個最好的衡量指標(biāo)。GDPperperson

tellsustheineandexpenditureoftheaveragepersonintheeconomy.

人均GDP告訴我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中每個人的平均收入與支出。

Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第29頁!GDPandEconomicWell-BeingSomethingsthatcontributetowell-beingarenotincludedinGDP.Thevalueofleisure.Thevalueofacleanenvironment.Thevalueofalmostallactivitythattakesplaceoutsideofmarkets,suchasthevalueofthetimeparentsspendwiththeirchildrenandthevalueofvolunteerwork.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第30頁!Table3GDP,LifeExpectancy,andLiteracyCopyright?2004South-WesternChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第31頁!SummaryBecauseeverytransactionhasabuyerandaseller,thetotalexpenditureintheeconomymustequalthetotalineintheeconomy.GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)measuresaneconomy’stotalexpenditureonnewlyproducedgoodsandservicesandthetotalineearnedfromtheproductionofthesegoodsandservices.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第32頁!SummaryGDPisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.GDPisdividedamongfourponentsofexpenditure:consumption,investment,governmentpurchases,andnetexports.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第33頁!SummaryNominalGDPusescurrentpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproduction.RealGDPusesconstantbase-yearpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproductionofgoodsandservices.TheGDPdeflator--calculatedfromtheratioofnominaltorealGDP--measuresthelevelofpricesintheeconomy.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第34頁!SummaryGDPisagoodmeasureofeconomicwell-beingbecausepeoplepreferhighertolowerines.Itisnotaperfectmeasureofwell-beingbecausesomethings,suchasleisuretimeandacleanenvironment,aren’tmeasuredbyGDP.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第35頁!MacroeconomicsMacroeconomicsanswersquestionslikethefollowing:Whyisaverageinehighinsomecountriesandlowinothers?Whydopricesriserapidlyinsometimeperiodswhiletheyaremorestableinothers?Whydoproductionandemploymentexpandinsomeyearsandcontractinothers?

Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第36頁!TheEconomy’sIneandExpenditure

經(jīng)濟(jì)的收入與支出Whenjudgingwhethertheeconomyisdoingwellorpoorly,itisnaturaltolookatthetotalinethateveryoneintheeconomyisearning.當(dāng)判斷經(jīng)濟(jì)富裕還是貧窮時，觀察經(jīng)濟(jì)中所有人賺到的總收入是自然而然的。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第37頁!Grossdomesticproduct(GDP)isameasureoftheineandexpendituresofaneconomy.Itisthetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProductChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第38頁!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的衡量Theequalityofineandexpenditurecanbeillustratedwiththe

circular-flowdiagram.收入等于支出可以由經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)圖來說明。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第39頁!圖1.經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)圖企業(yè)家庭生產(chǎn)要素市場商品和服務(wù)市場支出(=GDP)收入=(DGP)工資、租金和利潤(=GDP)收入(=GDP)銷售商品和服務(wù)購買商品和服務(wù)勞動、土地和資本生產(chǎn)投入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第40頁!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct“GDPistheMarketValue...”O(jiān)utputisvaluedatmarketprices.“...OfAllFinal...”Itrecordsonlythevalueoffinalgoods,notintermediategoods(thevalueiscountedonlyonce).“...GoodsandServices...“Itincludesbothtangiblegoods(food,clothing,cars)andintangibleservices(haircuts,housecleaning,doctorvisits).Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第41頁!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct“...Produced...”Itincludesgoodsandservicescurrentlyproduced,nottransactionsinvolvinggoodsproducedinthepast.“...WithinaCountry...”Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionwithinthegeographicconfinesofacountry.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第42頁!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的衡量“...InaGivenPeriodofTime.”

“…在某一既定時期內(nèi)…”Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionthattakesplacewithinaspecificintervaloftime,usuallyayearoraquarter(threemonths).

它衡量某一既定時期內(nèi)進(jìn)行的生產(chǎn)的價值，通常這個時期是一年和一個季度（三個月）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第43頁!THECOMPONENTSOFGDPWhatIsNotCountedinGDP?GDPexcludesmostitemsthatareproducedandconsumedathomeandthatneverenterthemarketplace.Itexcludesitemsproducedandsoldillicitly,suchasillegaldrugs.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第44頁!OtherMeasuresofIne

其他收入衡量指標(biāo)GrossNationalProduct(GNP)

國民收入總值NetNationalProduct(NNP)國民生產(chǎn)凈值NationalIne

國民收入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第45頁!GrossNationalProductGrossnationalproduct(GNP)isthetotalineearnedbyanation’spermanentresidents(callednationals).ItdiffersfromGDPbyincludinginethatourcitizensearnabroadandexcludinginethatforeignersearnhere.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第46頁!NetNationalProduct(NNP)NetNationalProduct(NNP)isthetotalineofthenation’sresidents(GNP)minuslossesfromdepreciation.Depreciationisthewearandtearontheeconomy’sstockofequipmentandstructures.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第47頁!NationalIneNationalIneisthetotalineearnedbyanation’sresidentsintheproductionofgoodsandservices.ItdiffersfromNNPbyexcludingindirectbusinesstaxes(suchassalestaxes)andincludingbusinesssubsidies.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第48頁!PersonalInePersonalineistheinethathouseholdsandnoncorporatebusinessesreceive.Unlikenationaline,itexcludesretainedearnings,whichisinethatcorporationshaveearnedbuthavenotpaidouttotheirowners.Inaddition,itincludeshousehold’sinterestineandgovernmenttransfers.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第49頁!DisposablePersonalIneDisposablepersonalineistheinethathouseholdandnoncorporatebusinesseshaveleftaftersatisfyingalltheirobligationstothegovernment.Itequalspersonalineminuspersonaltaxesandcertainnontaxpayments.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第50頁!TheComponentsofGDP

GDP的組成部分GDP(Y)isthesumofthefollowing:GDP(Y)是以下項目之和：

Consumption(C)消費（C）

Investment(I)

投資（I）

GovernmentPurchases(G)政府購買（G）

NetExports(NX)凈出口（NX）Y=C+I+G+NXChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第51頁!TheComponentsofGDPGovernmentPurchases(G):Thespendingongoodsandservicesbylocal,state,andfederalgovernments.Doesnotincludetransferpaymentsbecausetheyarenotmadeinexchangeforcurrentlyproducedgoodsorservices.NetExports

(NX):Exportsminusimports.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第52頁!Table1GDPandItsComponentsCopyright?2004South-WesternChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第53頁!GDPandItsComponents(2001)Consumption69%GovernmentPurchases18%NetExports-3%Investment16%Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第54頁!RealversusNominalGDP

實際GDP與名義GDPNominalGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatcurrentprices.

名義GDP——按現(xiàn)期價格計算的物品與勞務(wù)產(chǎn)出的價值量。RealGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatconstantprices.

實際GDP——按不變的基年價格計算的物品與勞務(wù)產(chǎn)出的價值量。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第55頁!Table2RealandNominalGDP實際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western年熱狗的價格熱狗的數(shù)量漢堡的價格漢堡的數(shù)量2001$1100$2502002$2150$31002003$3200$4150Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第56頁!Table2RealandNominalGDP實際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western計算實際GDP（基年為2001年）:2001($1/個熱狗X100個）+（$2/個漢堡X50個）＝￥2002002($1/個熱狗X100個）+（$2/個漢堡X50個）＝￥3502003($1/個熱狗X100個）+（$2/個漢堡X50個）＝￥500Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第57頁!GDPDeflatorGDP平減指數(shù)TheGDPdeflatoriscalculatedasfollows:GDP平減指數(shù)計算如下：Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第58頁!Table2RealandNominalGDP實際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western計算GDP平減指數(shù)：2001（$200/$200)X100=1002002（$600/$350)X100=1712003（$1200/$500)X100=240Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第59頁!

圖2.美國的實際GDP1996年的10億美元$10,0009,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0001970197519801985199020001995Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第60頁!GDPandEconomicWell-Being

GDP和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利HigherGDPperpersonindicatesahigherstandardofliving.

較高的人均GDP說明較高的生活水平。GDPisnotaperfectmeasureofthehappinessorqualityoflife,however.

但是，GDP并不是幸?；蛏钯|(zhì)量的完美衡量指標(biāo)。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第61頁!GDP和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利對美好生活作出貢獻(xiàn)的某些東西并沒有包括在GDP中。閑暇的價值。清潔環(huán)境的價值。幾乎所有在市場之外進(jìn)行的活動的價值，如父母在家照顧孩子的時間的價值和義務(wù)工作的價值。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語共67頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第62頁!表3.GDP、預(yù)期壽命與識字率Copyright?2004South-Western國別人均實際GDP(1999年，美元)預(yù)期壽命（歲）成人識字率（％）美國318727799