Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)

8

THEDATAOFMACROECONOMICS宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁(yè)!MeasuringaNation’sIne

一國(guó)收入的衡量Chapter23Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁(yè)!Microeconomics

微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Microeconomics

isthestudyofhowindividualhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets.微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究家庭和企業(yè)如何作出決策，以及他們?nèi)绾卧谑袌?chǎng)上相互交易。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁(yè)!Macroeconomics

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroeconomics

isthestudyoftheeconomyasawhole.

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究整體經(jīng)濟(jì)。Itsgoalistoexplaintheeconomicchangesthataffectmanyhouseholds,firms,andmarketsatonce.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的目標(biāo)是解釋同時(shí)影響許多家庭、企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)變化。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁(yè)!宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)回答以下問(wèn)題：為什么一些國(guó)家平均收入高，而另一些國(guó)家平均收入低?為什么一些時(shí)期物價(jià)上升迅速，而另一些時(shí)期物價(jià)較為穩(wěn)定?為什么一些年份生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)擴(kuò)大，而另一些年份收縮？Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁(yè)!TheEconomy’sIneandExpenditure

經(jīng)濟(jì)的收入與支出Foraneconomyasawhole,inemustequalexpenditure

because:對(duì)一個(gè)整體經(jīng)濟(jì)而言，收入必定等于支出，因?yàn)椋篍verytransactionhasabuyerandaseller.每一次交易都有買(mǎi)者和賣(mài)者。Everydollarofspendingbysomebuyerisadollarofineforsomeseller.

某個(gè)買(mǎi)者的1美元支出就是某個(gè)賣(mài)者的1美元收入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁(yè)!國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)

衡量一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的收入和支出。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)

是在某一既定時(shí)期一個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的所有最終商品（物品）與服務(wù)（勞務(wù)）的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的衡量Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁(yè)!Figure1TheCircular-FlowDiagramSpendingGoodsandservicesboughtRevenueGoodsandservicessoldLabor,land,andcapitalIne

=Flowofinputs

andoutputs

=FlowofdollarsFactorsofproductionWages,rent,andprofit

FIRMSProduceandsellgoodsandservicesHireandusefactorsofproduction

BuyandconsumegoodsandservicesOwnandsellfactorsofproductionHOUSEHOLDS

HouseholdssellFirmsbuyMARKETSFORFACTORSOFPRODUCTION

FirmssellHouseholdsbuyMARKETSFORGOODSANDSERVICESChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁(yè)!TheMeasurementofGDP

GDP的衡量GDPisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.GDP

是在某一既定時(shí)期一個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的所有最終物品與勞務(wù)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁(yè)!GDP的衡量“GDP是市場(chǎng)價(jià)值...”產(chǎn)出按市場(chǎng)價(jià)格來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)?！?..所有的...”GDP只包括最終物品的價(jià)值，而不包括中間品的價(jià)值（價(jià)值只能計(jì)算一次）?！?..物品與勞務(wù)...“它既包括有形的物品（食物、衣服、汽車(chē)），也包括無(wú)形的勞務(wù)（理發(fā)、打掃房屋、醫(yī)生出診）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁(yè)!GDP的衡量“...生產(chǎn)的...”它包括現(xiàn)期生產(chǎn)的物品與勞務(wù)，并不包括涉及過(guò)去生產(chǎn)的東西的交易。“...一個(gè)國(guó)家之內(nèi)...”它衡量的生產(chǎn)價(jià)值是在一個(gè)國(guó)家的地理范圍之內(nèi)。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁(yè)!THECOMPONENTSOFGDP

GDP的組成部分GDPincludesallitemsproducedintheeconomyandsoldlegallyinmarkets.

GDP包括一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體生產(chǎn)并在市場(chǎng)上合法銷(xiāo)售的所有物品與勞務(wù)。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁(yè)!GDP的組成部分什么未計(jì)算在GDP之內(nèi)？GDP不包括在家里生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)而沒(méi)有進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的大多數(shù)商品和服務(wù)。GDP不包括非法生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售的項(xiàng)目，如毒品。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁(yè)!OtherMeasuresofIne

其他收入衡量指標(biāo)PersonalIne

個(gè)人收入DisposablePersonalIne

個(gè)人可支配收入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁(yè)!國(guó)民總收入國(guó)民總收入(GNP)

是一國(guó)永久居民（稱(chēng)為國(guó)民）所賺到的總收入。GNP

與GDP不同之處在于包括本國(guó)公民在國(guó)外賺到的收入，而不包括外國(guó)人在本國(guó)賺到的收入。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁(yè)!國(guó)民生產(chǎn)凈值(NNP)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)凈值(NNP)是一國(guó)居民的總收入減去折舊的消耗。折舊是經(jīng)濟(jì)中設(shè)備和建筑物存量的磨損或損耗。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁(yè)!國(guó)民收入國(guó)民收入是一國(guó)居民在物品與勞務(wù)生產(chǎn)中賺到的總收入。國(guó)民收入與國(guó)民產(chǎn)值的不同之處在于不包括間接的企業(yè)稅（例如銷(xiāo)售稅）而包括企業(yè)補(bǔ)貼。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁(yè)!個(gè)人收入個(gè)人收入是居民戶和非公司企業(yè)得到的收入。與國(guó)民收入不同，個(gè)人收入不包括留存收益（未分配利潤(rùn)），留存收益是公司賺到但沒(méi)有支付給其所有者的收入。另外，個(gè)人收入包括家庭從其持有政府債券中得到的利息收入，以及從政府得到的轉(zhuǎn)移支付（例如福利和社會(huì)保障收入）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁(yè)!個(gè)人可支配收入個(gè)人可支配收入是家庭和非公司企業(yè)在完成他們對(duì)政府的義務(wù)之后剩下的收入。個(gè)人可支配收入等于個(gè)人收入減去個(gè)人所得稅和某些非稅收支付（例如，交通罰單）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁(yè)!TheComponentsofGDP

GDP的組成部分Consumption消費(fèi)

(C):Thespendingbyhouseholdsongoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofpurchasesofnewhousing.家庭除了購(gòu)買(mǎi)新住房以外用于物品與勞務(wù)的支出。Investment投資

(I):Thespendingoncapitalequipment, inventories,andstructures,includingnewhousing.

用于資本設(shè)備、存貨和建筑物的支出，其中包括家庭用于購(gòu)買(mǎi)新住房的支出。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁(yè)!GDP的組成部分政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)(G):地方、州和聯(lián)邦政府用于物品與勞務(wù)的支出。政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)不包括轉(zhuǎn)移支付，因?yàn)檫@種支付并不要求交換現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的物品與勞務(wù)。凈出口(NX):出口減進(jìn)口Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁(yè)!表1.GDP和其組成部分（1998）總量（10億美元）人均量（美元）占百分比（％）國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值，Y1008235375100消費(fèi)，C69872451669投資，I1586556516政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)，G1858651918凈出口，NX-349-1225-3Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第22頁(yè)!GDP和其組成部分(2001)消費(fèi)69%政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)18%凈出口-3%投資16%Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第23頁(yè)!RealversusNominalGDP

實(shí)際GDP與名義GDPAnaccurateviewoftheeconomyrequiresadjustingnominaltorealGDPbyusingtheGDPdeflator.如果想對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有一個(gè)更準(zhǔn)確的理解，需要用GDP平減指數(shù)將名義GDP轉(zhuǎn)換成實(shí)際GDP。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第24頁(yè)!Table2RealandNominalGDP實(shí)際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western計(jì)算名義GDP:2001($1/個(gè)熱狗X100個(gè)）+（$2/個(gè)漢堡X50個(gè)）＝￥2002002($2/個(gè)熱狗X100個(gè)）+（$3/個(gè)漢堡X50個(gè)）＝￥6002003($3/個(gè)熱狗X100個(gè)）+（$4/個(gè)漢堡X50個(gè)）＝￥1200Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第25頁(yè)!GDPDeflatorGDP平減指數(shù)TheGDP

deflator

measuresthecurrentlevelofpricesrelativetothelevelofpricesinthebaseyear.

GDP平減指數(shù)衡量相對(duì)于基年價(jià)格的現(xiàn)期物價(jià)水平。IttellsustheriseinnominalGDPthatisattributabletoariseinpricesratherthanariseinthequantitiesproduced.

GDP平減指數(shù)說(shuō)明在名義GDP增長(zhǎng)中，多少歸因于價(jià)格的上升而不是產(chǎn)量的增加。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第26頁(yè)!ConvertingNominalGDPtoRealGDP

將名義GDP轉(zhuǎn)換成實(shí)際GDPNominalGDPisconvertedtorealGDPasfollows:轉(zhuǎn)換如下：Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第27頁(yè)!Figure2RealGDPintheUnitedStatesBillionsof1996Dollars$10,0009,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0001970197519801985199020001995Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第28頁(yè)!GDPandEconomicWell-Being

GDP和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利GDPisthebestsinglemeasureoftheeconomicwell-beingofasociety.

GDP是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)福利一個(gè)最好的衡量指標(biāo)。GDPperperson

tellsustheineandexpenditureoftheaveragepersonintheeconomy.

人均GDP告訴我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中每個(gè)人的平均收入與支出。

Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第29頁(yè)!GDPandEconomicWell-BeingSomethingsthatcontributetowell-beingarenotincludedinGDP.Thevalueofleisure.Thevalueofacleanenvironment.Thevalueofalmostallactivitythattakesplaceoutsideofmarkets,suchasthevalueofthetimeparentsspendwiththeirchildrenandthevalueofvolunteerwork.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第30頁(yè)!Table3GDP,LifeExpectancy,andLiteracyCopyright?2004South-WesternChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第31頁(yè)!SummaryBecauseeverytransactionhasabuyerandaseller,thetotalexpenditureintheeconomymustequalthetotalineintheeconomy.GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)measuresaneconomy’stotalexpenditureonnewlyproducedgoodsandservicesandthetotalineearnedfromtheproductionofthesegoodsandservices.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第32頁(yè)!SummaryGDPisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.GDPisdividedamongfourponentsofexpenditure:consumption,investment,governmentpurchases,andnetexports.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第33頁(yè)!SummaryNominalGDPusescurrentpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproduction.RealGDPusesconstantbase-yearpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproductionofgoodsandservices.TheGDPdeflator--calculatedfromtheratioofnominaltorealGDP--measuresthelevelofpricesintheeconomy.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第34頁(yè)!SummaryGDPisagoodmeasureofeconomicwell-beingbecausepeoplepreferhighertolowerines.Itisnotaperfectmeasureofwell-beingbecausesomethings,suchasleisuretimeandacleanenvironment,aren’tmeasuredbyGDP.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第35頁(yè)!MacroeconomicsMacroeconomicsanswersquestionslikethefollowing:Whyisaverageinehighinsomecountriesandlowinothers?Whydopricesriserapidlyinsometimeperiodswhiletheyaremorestableinothers?Whydoproductionandemploymentexpandinsomeyearsandcontractinothers?

Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第36頁(yè)!TheEconomy’sIneandExpenditure

經(jīng)濟(jì)的收入與支出Whenjudgingwhethertheeconomyisdoingwellorpoorly,itisnaturaltolookatthetotalinethateveryoneintheeconomyisearning.當(dāng)判斷經(jīng)濟(jì)富裕還是貧窮時(shí)，觀察經(jīng)濟(jì)中所有人賺到的總收入是自然而然的。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第37頁(yè)!Grossdomesticproduct(GDP)isameasureoftheineandexpendituresofaneconomy.Itisthetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProductChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第38頁(yè)!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct

國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的衡量Theequalityofineandexpenditurecanbeillustratedwiththe

circular-flowdiagram.收入等于支出可以由經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)圖來(lái)說(shuō)明。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第39頁(yè)!圖1.經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)圖企業(yè)家庭生產(chǎn)要素市場(chǎng)商品和服務(wù)市場(chǎng)支出(=GDP)收入=(DGP)工資、租金和利潤(rùn)(=GDP)收入(=GDP)銷(xiāo)售商品和服務(wù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品和服務(wù)勞動(dòng)、土地和資本生產(chǎn)投入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第40頁(yè)!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct“GDPistheMarketValue...”O(jiān)utputisvaluedatmarketprices.“...OfAllFinal...”Itrecordsonlythevalueoffinalgoods,notintermediategoods(thevalueiscountedonlyonce).“...GoodsandServices...“Itincludesbothtangiblegoods(food,clothing,cars)andintangibleservices(haircuts,housecleaning,doctorvisits).Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第41頁(yè)!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct“...Produced...”Itincludesgoodsandservicescurrentlyproduced,nottransactionsinvolvinggoodsproducedinthepast.“...WithinaCountry...”Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionwithinthegeographicconfinesofacountry.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第42頁(yè)!TheMeasurementofGrossDomesticProduct

國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的衡量“...InaGivenPeriodofTime.”

“…在某一既定時(shí)期內(nèi)…”Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionthattakesplacewithinaspecificintervaloftime,usuallyayearoraquarter(threemonths).

它衡量某一既定時(shí)期內(nèi)進(jìn)行的生產(chǎn)的價(jià)值，通常這個(gè)時(shí)期是一年和一個(gè)季度（三個(gè)月）。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第43頁(yè)!THECOMPONENTSOFGDPWhatIsNotCountedinGDP?GDPexcludesmostitemsthatareproducedandconsumedathomeandthatneverenterthemarketplace.Itexcludesitemsproducedandsoldillicitly,suchasillegaldrugs.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第44頁(yè)!OtherMeasuresofIne

其他收入衡量指標(biāo)GrossNationalProduct(GNP)

國(guó)民收入總值NetNationalProduct(NNP)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)凈值NationalIne

國(guó)民收入Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第45頁(yè)!GrossNationalProductGrossnationalproduct(GNP)isthetotalineearnedbyanation’spermanentresidents(callednationals).ItdiffersfromGDPbyincludinginethatourcitizensearnabroadandexcludinginethatforeignersearnhere.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第46頁(yè)!NetNationalProduct(NNP)NetNationalProduct(NNP)isthetotalineofthenation’sresidents(GNP)minuslossesfromdepreciation.Depreciationisthewearandtearontheeconomy’sstockofequipmentandstructures.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第47頁(yè)!NationalIneNationalIneisthetotalineearnedbyanation’sresidentsintheproductionofgoodsandservices.ItdiffersfromNNPbyexcludingindirectbusinesstaxes(suchassalestaxes)andincludingbusinesssubsidies.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第48頁(yè)!PersonalInePersonalineistheinethathouseholdsandnoncorporatebusinessesreceive.Unlikenationaline,itexcludesretainedearnings,whichisinethatcorporationshaveearnedbuthavenotpaidouttotheirowners.Inaddition,itincludeshousehold’sinterestineandgovernmenttransfers.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第49頁(yè)!DisposablePersonalIneDisposablepersonalineistheinethathouseholdandnoncorporatebusinesseshaveleftaftersatisfyingalltheirobligationstothegovernment.Itequalspersonalineminuspersonaltaxesandcertainnontaxpayments.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第50頁(yè)!TheComponentsofGDP

GDP的組成部分GDP(Y)isthesumofthefollowing:GDP(Y)是以下項(xiàng)目之和：

Consumption(C)消費(fèi)（C）

Investment(I)

投資（I）

GovernmentPurchases(G)政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)（G）

NetExports(NX)凈出口（NX）Y=C+I+G+NXChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第51頁(yè)!TheComponentsofGDPGovernmentPurchases(G):Thespendingongoodsandservicesbylocal,state,andfederalgovernments.Doesnotincludetransferpaymentsbecausetheyarenotmadeinexchangeforcurrentlyproducedgoodsorservices.NetExports

(NX):Exportsminusimports.Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第52頁(yè)!Table1GDPandItsComponentsCopyright?2004South-WesternChap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第53頁(yè)!GDPandItsComponents(2001)Consumption69%GovernmentPurchases18%NetExports-3%Investment16%Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第54頁(yè)!RealversusNominalGDP

實(shí)際GDP與名義GDPNominalGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatcurrentprices.

名義GDP——按現(xiàn)期價(jià)格計(jì)算的物品與勞務(wù)產(chǎn)出的價(jià)值量。RealGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatconstantprices.

實(shí)際GDP——按不變的基年價(jià)格計(jì)算的物品與勞務(wù)產(chǎn)出的價(jià)值量。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第55頁(yè)!Table2RealandNominalGDP實(shí)際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western年熱狗的價(jià)格熱狗的數(shù)量漢堡的價(jià)格漢堡的數(shù)量2001$1100$2502002$2150$31002003$3200$4150Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第56頁(yè)!Table2RealandNominalGDP實(shí)際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western計(jì)算實(shí)際GDP（基年為2001年）:2001($1/個(gè)熱狗X100個(gè)）+（$2/個(gè)漢堡X50個(gè)）＝￥2002002($1/個(gè)熱狗X100個(gè)）+（$2/個(gè)漢堡X50個(gè)）＝￥3502003($1/個(gè)熱狗X100個(gè)）+（$2/個(gè)漢堡X50個(gè)）＝￥500Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第57頁(yè)!GDPDeflatorGDP平減指數(shù)TheGDPdeflatoriscalculatedasfollows:GDP平減指數(shù)計(jì)算如下：Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第58頁(yè)!Table2RealandNominalGDP實(shí)際與名義GDPCopyright?2004South-Western計(jì)算GDP平減指數(shù)：2001（$200/$200)X100=1002002（$600/$350)X100=1712003（$1200/$500)X100=240Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第59頁(yè)!

圖2.美國(guó)的實(shí)際GDP1996年的10億美元$10,0009,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0001970197519801985199020001995Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第60頁(yè)!GDPandEconomicWell-Being

GDP和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利HigherGDPperpersonindicatesahigherstandardofliving.

較高的人均GDP說(shuō)明較高的生活水平。GDPisnotaperfectmeasureofthehappinessorqualityoflife,however.

但是，GDP并不是幸福或生活質(zhì)量的完美衡量指標(biāo)。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第61頁(yè)!GDP和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利對(duì)美好生活作出貢獻(xiàn)的某些東西并沒(méi)有包括在GDP中。閑暇的價(jià)值。清潔環(huán)境的價(jià)值。幾乎所有在市場(chǎng)之外進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)的價(jià)值，如父母在家照顧孩子的時(shí)間的價(jià)值和義務(wù)工作的價(jià)值。Chap23宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ)共67頁(yè)，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第62頁(yè)!表3.GDP、預(yù)期壽命與識(shí)字率Copyright?2004South-Western國(guó)別人均實(shí)際GDP(1999年，美元)預(yù)期壽命（歲）成人識(shí)字率（％）美國(guó)318727799