外研版高中英語選修六 1-6單元知識點歸納

外研版高中英語選修六1-6單元知識點歸納Module1【詞條1】lack【點撥】lack動詞，意為"缺乏，沒有"。如：Heisgoodathisjobbutheseemstolackconfidence.Whathelacksinexperiencehemakesupforinenthusiasm.【拓展】lack的常用短語有:belacking"欠缺,缺乏";belackingin"缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點等)";lack(for)nothing"應(yīng)有盡有"。如：Moneyfortheprojectisstilllacking.Ithinkthefilmislackinginpace.Theyhavegoteverythingreadyandtheylackfornothing.lack還可作名詞，常與of連用，意為"缺乏，沒有"。forlackof"因為缺乏”。如:Theworkhadtobestoppedforlackoffunds.Theflowerswitheredforlackofwater.【詞條2】reply【點撥】名詞，意為"回答，答復(fù)"，常與介詞to連用。如：IsitareplytothefirstorthesecondletterTomyanger，shemadenoreplytomyquestion.其常用在短語inreplyto中，意為"作為對的回答，回復(fù)"。如：Whatdidhedoinreplytoyourchallenge【拓展】reply也可作動詞，意為"回答，答復(fù)",reply(to.../that...)。如:Theteachergavemenochancetoreplytoherquestion.Lilyrepliedthatsheknewnothingaboutit.【詞條3】apology【點撥】apology名詞，意為"道歉，歉意”,常用于短語：offer/makeanapologytosb."向某人道歉",acceptanapology"接受道歉”。如：It'simpoliteofyoutoleavewithoutawordofapology.Inmyjudgment，weshouldaccepttheirapology.You'dbettermakeanapologyforyourabsence.【拓展】其動詞形式為apologize，意為"道歉，表示歉意"，常用短語為：apologizetosb.(forsth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉”。如：Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyouthatday.IthinkTommighthaveapologizedtoJaneforwhathedid.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】thinkof【點撥】thinkof可意為"想起，想出"。如:Thephotomademethinkofmychild-hood.ItwasTomwhothoughtofthegoodplan.【拓展】think的其他常用短語：thinkhighly/muchof重視,高度贊揚。如:AlltheteachersthinkhighlyofJohnbecauseheisverysmartandkind.thinkabout考慮。如：Iwasthinkingaboutsomethingelseandmissedyourwords.thinkover仔細(xì)考慮。如：Pleasethinktheplanoverandletmeknowyourdecisiontomorrow.【短語2】inaddition【點撥】inaddition意為"另外,此外"。如：IwritemyownsongsandIplaytheguitarinaddition.Youneedmoneyandtime.Inaddition,youneeddiligence.【拓展】inadditionto除之外（還有）,to為介詞，后接名詞或動詞-ing形式。如:HisbrothercanspeakthreeforeignlanguagesinadditiontoEnglish.besides也意為"除之外（還有）"。如：Theplaywasbadlyacted,besidesbeingfartoolong.【短語3】leaveout【點撥】leaveout意為"省去，刪去”。如：InWesterncountries,peopleusuallyleaveoutNo.13asthenumberisthoughtunlucky.Youcanleaveouttheunnecessarywordswhenwritingdownthenotes.【拓展】leaveout還可意為"漏掉，遺漏”。如：Decidewithyoupartnerwhichwordshavebeenleftout.與leave相關(guān)的常用短語:leavebehind遺留，留下Itleftbehindalongtrainofproblemsanddifficulties.leaveover剩余，暫不解決Weshallhavetoleavethequestionovertillthenextmeeting.leavealone別管，不理會IfIwereyou,I'dleavethisquestionalone.【短語4】showoff【點撥】showoff意為"炫耀”。如：Thoseboysalwaysshowofftheirsportsskillstothegirls.Hisbrotherlikestoshowoffhisknowledgeinpublic.【拓展】與show相關(guān)的常用短語：showsb.around領(lǐng)某人參觀Theheadmastershowedusaroundtheschool.showup出席，到場Thepartyisabouttobegin,butMr.Wanghasn'tshownup.熱點語法聚焦didn'tneedtodo和needn'thavedone都有"過去不必做某事"的意思,但是didn'tneedto表示"過去沒有必要做某事,事實上也沒做”；needn'thavedone表示"過去本來不必做某事,實際上卻做了"。如:Ididn'tneedtotakeataxifromtheair-port—therewasabusallthewayintothecity.Ineedn'thavebookedinadvance;therewereplentyofticketsleft.此外,要注意need的其它用法：need可作實義動詞，也可作情態(tài)動詞。1?作實義動詞時,need有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后可以接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式和動名詞等，否定式要在前面加don't(doesn't,didn't),疑問句用do(does,did)提問。如：Thecompanyneedssomegoodsalesmen.Hisbrokencarneedstoberepaired.=Hisbrokencarneedsrepairing.2?作情態(tài)動詞時,need沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形，否定式為needn't,常用在否定句和疑問句中。如：Youneedn'tworryabouthim.Heisverymaturenow.—NeedIstayanotherday一Yes,youmust.Module2【詞條1】behave【點撥】behave用作不及物動詞，意為"(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)"。如：Shehasbeenbehavingverypolitely.另外,behave還可意為"舉止得體；守規(guī)矩"，常和反身代詞連用。如：Can'tyoumakeyourlittlechildbehavehimself【拓展】well-/ill-/badly-behavedadj.表現(xiàn)得好的/不好的；behaviorn.行為，舉止如：Heisthoughttobeawell-behavedchild.Shewasashamedofherchildren'sbadbehavior.【詞條2】appeal【點撥】appeal可用作名詞，意為"吸引力，感染力"。如：Filmsofthissorthavelosttheirappealforme.【拓展】appeal用作名詞時,還可意為"呼吁,請求"。如：Hisappealforforgivenesswentunanswered.Anappealisbeingmadeforhelpforthosewholosttheirhomesintheearthquake.appeal還可用作動詞，意為"引起興趣；呼吁，請求"，常跟介詞to連用。如：DoestheideaofworkingabroadappealtoyouThepoliceareappealingtothepublicforanyinformationaboutthis.【詞條3】awake【點撥】awake可用作形容詞，意為"醒著的"。如：Ihavelainawakeallnightthinkingovertheproblem.注意:awake是表語形容詞，不能用于名詞前作定語。類似的形容詞還有asleep,alive，aware等?！就卣埂縜wake（awoke,awoken）可作不及物動詞，意為"醒來"，這時與wakeup意義相近；awake也可作及物動詞，意為"喚醒，叫醒；喚起（記憶）；激起（情感）"。如:Iawaketotheringingofanelectricbelleveryday.Thethunderawokemelastnight.Hisfathertriedtoawakehimtoasenseofduty.Nothingcanawakeherinterestinfoot-ball.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】aheadof【點撥】aheadof意為"在之前"。如：ThetimehereisninehoursaheadofLondon.Aheadofuswasanarrowandmuddyroad.【拓展】aheadof還可意為"勝過，優(yōu)于；（數(shù)量、價格等）超過"。如：Inmanagement，ourcompanyiswellaheadoftheirs.Theirpayofferwaswellaheadofinflation.【短語2】holdout【點撥】holdout可意為"伸出，拿出"。如:WhenIarrived，Maryheldoutherhandinwelcome.【拓展】holdout還可意為"維持；堅持（抵抗）"。如:Wewereshortofwaterbutitcouldholdoutforanotherday.Theyheldoutagainsttheenemyfortwodaysandnights.Thetownwassurrounded，butthecitizensheldoutuntilhelpatlastcame.【短語3】putdown【點撥】putdown可意為"放下"。如:Putdownthatknifebeforeyouhurtsomebody!【拓展】putdown還可意為"寫下，記下；鎮(zhèn)壓；消滅"。如:Putdownyournotesatthebottomofthepaper.Theuprisingwasputdownthreedayslater.can'tputsth.down愛不釋手；不忍釋卷。如:Itisaninterestingstoryandhecan'tputitdownuntilhehasfinishedreadingit.與put相關(guān)的常用短語:putout出版；生產(chǎn)；使熄滅，撲滅；putup樹立；putoff推遲；putaside把擱在一邊；putforward提出；putupwith容忍。如：Besuretoputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.Thebuildingwillbeputupinthecentreofthecampus.Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Heputasidehisworktospendmoretimewithhisfamily.Heputforwardaverygoodsuggestionatthemeeting.Icouldhardlyputupwiththechildanylonger.熱點語法聚焦動詞的-ing形式作狀語可表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨或?qū)χ^語加以補充說明等。如:Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.（時間）Itrainedfortwoweeks,completelyruiningthecrops.（結(jié)果）Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youwillseethepostofficerightbeforeyou.條（件）Beingbusyandexhausted,hegaveusalotofhelp.（讓步）WeChineseeatourfoodusingchopsticks.（方式）Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,theboyturnedtohisteacher.（原因）Laughingandtalkingloudly,welefttheparty.（伴隨）【難點點撥】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致,它所表示的動作應(yīng)該是句中主語所發(fā)出的動作,即現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。如:Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecangetafullviewofthecountry.（we與see之間是主動關(guān)系）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，其前可加while,when,after,before,though,unless等連詞,on,upon等介詞或thus,completely等副詞。如:Whiledoingtheexperiment,wediscoveredthenewchemical.Takethemedicinethreetimesadayafterhavingeachmeal.Onhearingthenews,sherushedouttheroom.Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.有時用"（with/without）+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。如：Icouldn'tfocusmyattentionwiththatnoisegoingon.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時,現(xiàn)在分詞必須有自己的主語。如：Weatherpermitting,thesportsmeetwillbeheldnextFriday.Module3【詞條1】raise【點撥】vt.可意為"招募，籌措（金錢）"。如：Itvotedtoraise100,000troopsimmediately.HeaskedmetowritealeaflettoraisemoneyforHopeSchools.【拓展】raise還可意為"舉起；增加,提高；提出；撫養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)；引起"。如：Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.Thebosshaspromisedtoraisetheirpay.Hewassoangryastoraisehisvoice.Thequestionwasraisedatthemeeting.Iwasraisedbymyauntonafarm.Thediscussionraisedourinterest.【辨析】raise&rise兩者都可以表示"上升；增長"之意，不同的是raise是及物動詞,rise是不及物動詞。如：OnMondaymorning，wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflagandwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.【詞條2】regret【點撥】regret可用作動詞，意為"懊悔，惋惜；遺憾"，后接名詞、代詞、that從句、不定式、動名詞等。如：Iregretmyrefusaltohisinvitation.IregretthatIcan'tattendtheparty.Weregrettoinformyouthatyoufailedagain.Wehavedeeplyregrettedsellingthefarm.注意:其后接動詞-ing形式和動詞不定式時意思有區(qū)別。試體會：IregrettotellyouthatIhavenonewsforyou.（遺憾要做某事）IregrettellingTomthetruth.（后悔做了某事）【拓展】regret也可作名詞，意為"遺憾，后悔；歉意"。如:Wedecidedwithgreatregretthatwecouldn'tofferyoutheposition.feelnoregretat對……不感到遺憾muchtoone'sregret使某人非常遺憾的是expressone'sregretat對……表示遺憾【詞條3】forgive【點撥】vt.&vi.意為"原諒，寬恕”,常用于結(jié)構(gòu)forgivesb.forsth./doingsth.也可以接雙賓語。如:Iwillneverforgiveyouforwhatyou'veeverdonetome.Eventually，sheforgavehimthebadbehavior.【拓展】forgivenessn.原諒，寬恕，饒恕forgivingadj.寬大的，仁慈的經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】keepintouch（with）【點撥】keepintouch（withsb.意為"（與某人）保持聯(lián)系"，也可寫作stay/beintouch（withsb.）。如：Thisismycard.Let'skeepintouch.I'vekeptintouchwithmostofmyclassmatesinthemiddleschool.【拓展】與touch相關(guān)的常見搭配還有:getintouchwith"與取得聯(lián)系"；losetouchwith/beoutoftouchwith"與失去/沒有聯(lián)系"。如：WehavelosttouchwithJohnsincewemovedtoJapan.Writetomeasoftenasyoucan.Idon'twanttolosetouchwithyou.【短語2】knockover【點撥】knockover意為"撞倒，擊倒"。如：Adrunkendriverknockedoverninepeople，causingfivedeaths.【拓展】與knock相關(guān)的短語還有:knockdown"打倒，推倒"；knockoff"停止，中斷”；knockout"擊敗，擊倒"。如：HeknockedTomdownwithoneblowofhisfist.Weknockedoffworkfortea.Ourteamwasknockedoutinthefirstpartofthecompetition.【短語3】makeup【點撥】makeup可意為"和好"。如：IfoundithardtomakeupwithJoanafterwequarreledaboutthebeautifulstamp.【拓展】makeup還有以下常用意思：Youshouldn'tbelievehim.Heismakingthewholethingup.（編造）Whoeverattendstheballissupposedtomakeup.（化妝）Youmustmakeuptheworkyoumissed.（補上）熱點語法聚焦非謂語動詞的完成式havingdone的用法非謂語動詞的完成式havingdone表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。其否定式為nothavingdone。如：Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher，hegaveupsmoking.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard，hefailedtheexaminations.分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，-ing分詞的被動式有一般被動式(beingdone)和完成被動式(havingbeendone)。如：Henevertalkedabouthishavingbeeninterviewedbythereporter.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.非謂語動詞的-ing形式和todo形式的區(qū)別有些動詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含義有所不同。如：forget,remember,regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作,而后接-ing形式作賓語表示動名詞動作先于謂語動作。如：Doyourememberseeingmebefore你記得以前見過我嗎Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.離開時要記得鎖門。動詞mean,stop,try,goon等動詞后面接動名詞和接不定式作賓語,意思也有所不同。如：Imeantochangeitforanotherone.我想換成另外一個。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.誤了這班車就意味著再等一個小時。動詞allow,advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟-ing形式作賓語,不可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補足語。如：Pleasepermitmetosayafewwords.請允許我說幾句話。Wedon'tpermitsmokinghere.我們這兒不允許吸煙。⑷動詞need,require,want作"需要懈時,后面接-ing分詞或不定式被動式。如：Theselittlechildrenrequirelookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.這些小孩需要細(xì)心地照料。(5)動詞like,hate,prefer等后面，如表示一般性動作，多用-ing形式；如指特定的具體的某次動作,多用不定式。如:Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimwithyou.我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。Module4【詞條1】combine【點撥】combinevi./vt.聯(lián)合，結(jié)合，合并。常用作結(jié)構(gòu)combine...with..."把巴與……結(jié)合"。如：Thetwocountriescombinedagainsttheircommonenemy.Hecombinedhisscientificknowledgewithhisfriend'sbusinessskillandstartedacompany.Hisefforts，combinedwithhisdetermination，helpedhimachievegreatsuccess.【拓展】combinationn.聯(lián)合，合作，結(jié)合combinedadj.組合的，結(jié)合的【詞條2】relax【點撥】relaxvi./vt.放松，使輕松。如：Thedoctortoldhimtorelaxaweekorsobeforegoingbacktowork.Thisequipmentwillhelprelaxyourmuscles.【拓展】relax還可意為"放寬；使松弛"。如：Theyrelaxedtheregulationsafterthereform.relaxedadj.放松的，鎮(zhèn)定的relaxingadj.令人放松的Shehadaveryrelaxedmanner.It'sreallyarelaxingwalk.【詞條3】present【點撥】present可用作動詞，意為"贈送；頒發(fā)（獎品等）；提出"。如：WhenMr.Smithleftourcompany;ourmanagerpresentedhimwithagoldenwatch.Thewinnerwaspresentedwiththeprizebythechairman.【拓展】present作名詞，可意為"禮物，贈品；現(xiàn)在，目前"。如：Idon'twantallthesebooks;I'llmakeyouapresentofthem.Sheisbusyatpresent,andshecan'tspeaktoyou.Let'sleavethingsastheyareforthepresent.present作形容詞，意為"出席的，在場的；目前的，現(xiàn)在的"。如：It'sunfairtodiscusshiscaseifheisn'tpresent.Thepresentsituationseemstobeintheirfavor.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】inadditionto【點撥】nadditionto意為"除……之外（還有）"，其中to為介詞，所以后面要跟名詞、代詞和動名詞等。如:Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers，thecoursealsopro-videspracticalexperience.【拓展】besides作介詞時，和其意思和用法相同。如:Wehavelotsofthingsincommonbesidesdance.inaddition相當(dāng)于副詞，可譯為"另外，加之"。如:Youneedmoneyandtime;inaddition，youneedintelligence.【短語2】drawupon/on【點撥】drawupon/on意為"憑借，利用"。如:Rereadyourpreviousessaysforideasandinformation，whichyoumaywanttodrawupon.Awriterhastodrawuponhisimaginationandexperience.【拓展】drawon/upon還可意為"臨近，（時光）漸漸過去"。如:Winterisdrawingon.Itgrewcolderasnightdrewon.【短語3】betrueof【點撥】betrueof意為"（某種情況）適用于，適宜于"。如：Thisprincipleistrueofeverybody.Thefoodisgoodandthesameistrueoftheservice.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會與true相關(guān)短語的意義：Thepictureistruetolife.（逼真）Heisalwaystruetohispromise.（信守）MyfathersaidIshouldbealawyerandithascometrue.（實現(xiàn)）熱點語法聚焦―、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時由"has/havebeen+動詞-ing"構(gòu)成，其主要用法有：表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到說話時，并且還有可能繼續(xù)下去。這一用法常和表示一段時間的狀語，如：Forthreeyears,allthistime,allone'slife,allthemorning,thesefewweeks.以及由for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如：He'sbeenwatchingtelevisionallday.Ihavebeenteachinginthemiddleschoolfortenyears.表示從過去某―時刻開始―直持續(xù)到說話時刻的動作，在說話時刻這個動作剛剛結(jié)束。如：Ihavejustbeensayinggoodbyetomyfriend.表示一直到說話時為止的一段時間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。如Haveyoubeenmeetinghimlately二、與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較：從定義上來看，現(xiàn)在完成時（havedone）表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動作或者狀態(tài),常常與already"已經(jīng)"或ever噌經(jīng)"連用。如：WehavealreadylearntUnit（我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第二單元。）SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveeverseen.（她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。）而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時則表示的是從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能還要進(jìn)行下去的動作，具有未完成的特點，一般不與already或ever等連用。如:WehavebeenlearningUnit2.我們一直在學(xué)習(xí)第二單元。（沒學(xué)完）現(xiàn)在完成時表示次性，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時可以表示動作的重復(fù)，請看以下句子:Ihavemethimatthelibrary.（我在圖書館見過他。）Ihavebeenmeetinghimatthelibrary.（我經(jīng)常在圖書館看見她。）現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時都可以表示剛剛結(jié)束的動作，但在含上有區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強調(diào)的則是動作的過程。如:Weareverytired.We'vebeencleaningthehouse.我們很累，我們一直在打掃房子。（強調(diào)動作）We'vecleanedthehouse.Youmaycomeinnow我們打掃過房子了，你可以進(jìn)來了。（強調(diào)結(jié)果"房子干凈"）現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時還可表示一種感情色彩。如:Ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了兩個小時。（陳述事實）Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了兩個小時。（等得好辛苦）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時通常用來談?wù)撦^短暫的動作或情況；若要談?wù)摃r間延續(xù)較長的動作或情況或永久性情況，則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如:HehaslivedinParis.他（一直）住在巴黎。HehasbeenlivinginParis.他（目前）住在巴黎。（表暫時性）不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)的動詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:I'veonlyknownherfortwodays.我認(rèn)識她剛剛兩天。They'vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.這場戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很長時間?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時不用于被動語態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替。如:Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.這房子已漆了一個月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.這個問題已研究了五天。Module5【詞條1】refuse【點撥】refuse為動詞，意為"拒絕"。常用于結(jié)構(gòu)：refusetodosth.refuse+n./pron.refusesb.sth.。如:WhatannoyeduswasthatMaryrefusedtotalkaboutthismatter.Herefusedhisfriend'sinvitationtogoonanadventure.Sheissoenthusiasticthatyoucan'trefuseheranything.【拓展】辨析refuse＆reject＆decline這幾個詞都可作"拒絕"解。其區(qū)別在于:refuse是表示"拒絕"這一概念的最普通的用詞,可接不定式，表示拒絕做某事，也可接名詞,表示不接受；reject語氣比refuse強,表示斷然拒絕。如果不同意一種意見或信仰,通常用reject；decline比較正式，表示禮貌、客氣地"婉拒"，當(dāng)表示對于對方的邀請、請求、提議等表示"不接受"時，可以用decline來緩和語氣。如:Irefusedtotakepartinanythingthatisillegal.Thearmydoctorsrejectedseveralrecruitsasunfit.Iinvitedhertojoinus，butshedeclined.refusal為refuse的名詞形式，意為"拒絕，拒不"。如：Yourrefusalofsuchagoodofferwasveryfoolish.【詞條2】arise【點撥】arise為不及物動詞，意為"產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)"。常用搭配:ariseoutof/fromsth."由……引起"。如：Wedidn'tknowhowthequarrelarose.Disagreementshavearisenfromthenewprogram.【拓展】arise還可意為"站起來，起立"。如:Hearose，tellingmethathewouldwaitformeoutsidetheoffice.注意幾個與arise意義相近的詞:rise是不及物動詞，意為"上升；升起；增加；提高"。也可意為"起床"和"站起身",這時可與arise換用。如：Ourhopesroseandfellinthesameinstant.Thechairmanrosefromhischairandcameforwardtopresenttheaward.Wearosefromthechairswhentheguestenteredtheroom.raise是及物動詞，意為"舉起；使起來；提高；提出"。如:Heraisedhishandtoaskthespeakerquestions.Mysalarywasraisedto8，000yuanamonth.arouse也是及物動詞，意為"喚醒；激起；引起"。如:Iwassuddenlyarousedbythethunder.Greatenthusiasmwasarousedbythespeech.【詞條3】accompany【點撥】accompany動詞，可意為"陪伴"。如:Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglassofwine【拓展】accompany還可意為"伴隨發(fā)生；伴奏"。如:Lightningusuallyaccompanieswiththunder.Thepianistaccompaniedhersinging.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】treat...as...【點撥】treat...as...意為"把當(dāng)成"。如：Peopleherealltreatmeasanexpertonfarming.【拓展】下面的詞組都可以表示"把……當(dāng)成……"。如：Allthepatientsregardhimasaconsideratenurse.Shethinksofthemonitorastheclevereststudentintheclass.Theylookonothers'difficultiesastheirown.Thissculptureisconsideredasasymbolofthiscity.【短語2】relyon【點撥】relyon意為"依靠，指望"，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Theyusuallyrelyonthemselves.（relyonsth.）Theyhavetorelyontheriverfortheirwater.（relyonsth.for）YoucanrelyonPetertodowhathepromises.（relyonsb.todosth.）【拓展】counton和dependon/upon都可意為"依靠，依賴"。如：IcancountonBilltogetthejobdone.Oursuccessmostlydependsonyourhelp.【短語3】breakdown【點撥】breakdown可意為"分解，分化"。如：Aftermanyyears，rocksbreakdownintodirt.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會breakdown的其他意思：Wearelatebecausethecarbrokedownhalfway.（壞了）Thepeacetalkshavebrokendownbecauseneithersidewouldcompromise.（失?。㏒hebrokedownwithasobandcoveredherfacewiththehands.（感情失控）Theexpenditureontheprojectbreaksdownasfollows：wages5，000dollars，materials8，000dollars.（分割）熱點語法聚焦虛擬語氣是一種特殊的謂語動詞形式，用于表示說話人的假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測等。本期重點講述虛擬語氣在訐引導(dǎo)的非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句從時間上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實相反、與過去事實相反、與將來事實可能相反三種情況。以下表格是虛擬語氣用于訐條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式：與現(xiàn)在事實相反：動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were）woulddcoulddmight+動詞原形Ifhehadtime，hewouldcometovisityou.（實際上很可能沒時間）與過去事實相反：had+動詞-ed形式woulddcoulddmighthave+動詞-ed形式Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavefinisheditontime.（實際上沒有采納建議,結(jié)果沒按時完成）與將來事實可能相反1.—般過去時（be動詞一般用were）should+動詞原形wereto+動詞原形woulddcoulddmight+動詞原形Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.說話人認(rèn)為明天下雨的可能性很?。┰谟撎摂M條件從句中，如果主、從句動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，主從句謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)各自所體現(xiàn)的時間關(guān)系加以適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,采用不同的動詞形式,這叫作混合虛擬條件從句。如:Ifhehadtoldmehistelephonenumberyesterday，Icouldphonehimnow.（從句表達(dá)的情況與過去的事實相反，主句表達(dá)的情況與現(xiàn)在的事實相反。）在訐虛擬條件從句中，如果從句的謂語動詞含有were,had,should,可將之提至句首,將連詞訐省去，從而構(gòu)成倒裝句型。如：Shoulditraintomorrow（=Ifitshouldraintomorrow），IwouldnotgotoBeijing.有時用介詞without或介詞短語butfor來表達(dá)虛擬語氣。如：Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavearrivedhereontime.Module6【詞條1】occupy【點撥】occupy為動詞，可意為"占領(lǐng)"。如：GermanyoccupiedalotofcountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.【拓展】occupy還可意為"占或充滿（時間,空間）；擔(dān)任（職務(wù)）；占據(jù)（頭腦,思想）"。常用于結(jié)構(gòu)：occupyoneselfindoingsth./withsth./忙于,從事于beoccupiedindoingsth./withsth.專心于，忙于。如：Theheadmaster'sspeechoccupiedthreehoursinall.Myfatheroccupiesanimportantpositionintheclub.Mybusinessoccupiesmymindconstantly.Mylittlesisteroccupiedherselfwithherhomeworklastnight.Asthefinalexamisdrawingnear,allthestudentsareoccupiedinreviewingtheirlessons.occupation名詞,意為"占有；職業(yè)"。如：Theworker'soccupationofthefactorylastedtwoweeks.Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupation.【詞條2】overlook【點撥】overlook動詞，意為"往下看，俯視"。如：Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevillage.Fromthetopofthehill，wecanoverlookthewholeoftheharbor.【拓展】overlook還可意為"忽視，忽略"。如：Youhaveoverlookedseveralmistakesinthiswork.辨析overlook＆lookoveroverlook為單個動詞，意為"俯視；忽視";lookover為動詞短語，意為"檢查,查看"。如：Don'toverlookthestudentswhoarepoorintheirstudies.Wemustlookoverthehousebeforewedecidetorentit.【詞條3】wound【點撥】wound可用作動詞，意為"使受傷"。如：Thebulletwoundedhimintheleftleg.【拓展】wound還可用作名詞，意為"創(chuàng)傷，傷口"。如：Thesoldierreceivedaseriouswoundinthechest.辨析wound＆injure＆hurt這三個詞都表示"受傷"。wound一般指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷；injure一般指由于意外或事故造成損傷；hurt可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害，特指伴有疼痛的肉體上的傷害。如：Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedinthehead.Althoughhishandwasinjured，hecontinuedtooperatethemachine.Hehurthislegwhenhefellfromtheladder.經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】makeabreakthrough【點撥】makeabreakthrough意為"取得重大突破（進(jìn)展）"。如：Thekeytotheproblemistomakeabreakthroughwithaclearaim.Thetwocountriesmadeasignificantbreakthroughinnegotiations.【拓展】辨析breakthrough與breakthroughbreakthrough為名詞，意為"驚人的進(jìn)展;關(guān)鍵問題的解決"；breakthrough為動詞短語，意為"突破，突圍；克服"。如：I'vebeenlearningEnglishforyears;Iwanttomakeabreakthrough.Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.Theenemyattemptedtobreakthroughourlines.短語2】toone'sastonishment【點撥】toone'sastonishment意為"令某人驚訝的是",相當(dāng)于tot