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HISTOLOGY&

EMBRYOLOGY

MaleandFemale

ReproductiveSystems12/13/20221HISTOLOGY&

EMBRYOLOGY

Malean12/13/2022212/12/20222ReproductiveSystemSex,

Gender,

ReproductionGermCells:spermandovum(haploid)SexHormones:

Male---Androgens(Testosterone)

Female---Estrogen,ProgestogenDevelopmentalStages:infant,child,puberty,adult,menopauseandold

12/13/20223ReproductiveSystemSex,Gender12/13/2022412/12/2022412/13/2022512/12/2022512/13/2022612/12/20226MaleReproductiveSystemTestis:

producingspermandhormoneEpididymis:

spermmaturation,storageVasdeferens:

spermpassageduringejaculationAccessoryglands(prostate,seminalvesicle,bulbourethralgland):seminalplasma---environmentforspermsPenisandscrotum12/13/20227MaleReproductiveSystemTestis12/13/2022812/12/2022812/13/2022912/12/2022912/13/20221012/12/202210TESTIS

apairinscrotumCapsule:

tunicavaginalis,albugineaandvasculosa,mediastinumtestis&septulumtestisinto250testicularlobulesSeminiferousTubuleproducingspermTesticularInterstitiumproducingandrogensbyLeydigcell12/13/202211TESTIS

apairinscrotumCapsu12/13/20221212/12/202212SeminiferousTubulesSpermatogenicCells

-spermatogonia-primaryspermatocyte-secondaryspermatocyte-spermatid-testicularspermSertoliCell12/13/202213SeminiferousTubulesSpermatoge12/13/20221412/12/202214SpermatogenesisStage1:spermatogoniamitosis(5)Stage2:spermatocytemeiosis(2)Stage3:spermiogenesis-roundspermatid-elongatedspermatid-testicularsperm

(nomotility,nofertilizingcapability)12/13/202215SpermatogenesisStage1:spe12/13/20221612/12/20221612/13/20221712/12/202217SPERMCondensednucleuswithhaploid(X/Y)FlagellumandmitochondrialsheathAcrosomecontainingenzymesMembranewithovum-recognizingligand12/13/202218SPERMCondensednucleuswithha12/13/20221912/12/202219SertoliCellSupportandnutritionBlood-testisBarrierSecretion:AndrogenBindingProteinInhibinPhagocytosis12/13/202220SertoliCellSupportandnutrit12/13/20222112/12/20222112/13/20222212/12/202222LeydigCellinInterstitiumSteroid-producingcellstructureAndrogens:spermatogenesis/secondarysexualcharacteristicdevelopmentHormonalregulation

-HypothalamusGnRH-PituitaryGlandFSHLH(ICSH)

-TestisSertoliLeydig12/13/202223LeydigCellinInterstitiumSte12/13/20222412/12/20222412/13/20222512/12/202225SpermPassageTubulesrectusRetetestisEfferentductulesDuctusepididymisVasdeferensUrethra12/13/202226SpermPassageTubulesrectus12/EpididymisEfferentductules:principalcellwithcilia&glandularcellDuctusepididymis:pseudostratifiedcolumnarcellwithsterociliaMicroenvironmentforspermmaturation-motility-fertilizingcapability12/13/202227EpididymisEfferentductules:p12/13/20222812/12/20222812/13/20222912/12/20222912/13/20223012/12/20223012/13/20223112/12/202231Semen

sperm+seminalplasmaSpermcount,motilityandmorphologySeminalplasma(pH7.4,2-6ml)-bulbourethralgland:lubricate-prostate:ACP,Enzymes,PSP-seminalvesicle:fructose,decapacitationfactor,coagulationfactor12/13/202232Semen

sperm+seminalplasmaSFemaleReproductiveSystem

MenstrualCycle(bleedingmonthly)andsignificantdevelopmentalstagesOvumproductionEstrogen/progestogensecretionEmbryodevelopmentFetalbreast-feeding12/13/202233FemaleReproductiveSystem

M12/13/20223412/12/202234FemaleReproductiveSystemOvaryproducingovum&hormonesOviductUterusVaginaMammarygland12/13/202235FemaleReproductiveSystemOvarOvarianFollicleDevelopmentPrimordialfollicleprimaryoocyte+flatfollicularcells(1millionatbirth,40,000beforepuberty)GrowingFollicles(fewdecades/month)-primary-secondary

MatureFollicle(onepermonth,secondaryoocyte)AtresicFollicle12/13/202236OvarianFollicleDevelopmentPr12/13/20223712/12/20223712/13/20223812/12/20223812/13/20223912/12/202239GrowingFolliclesPrimary:-primaryoocytegrowing-follicularcellproliferation-zonapellucidaformationSecondary:-follicularantrum-cumulusoophorus&coronaradiata-stratumgranulosum-thecainternaandthecaexterna12/13/202240GrowingFolliclesPrimary:12/12EstrogenProductionLH:17@hydroxydaseinthecacell(cholesterol-----androgen)AndrogendiffuseintogranularcellFSH:aromataseingranularcell(androgen-----estrogen)12/13/202241EstrogenProductionLH:17@hy12/13/20224212/12/20224212/13/20224312/12/202243OvulationOncepermonthon14dayofthecycle36–48hbeforeovulation,primaryfolliclecompletesfirstmeiosis,becomingsecondaryoocyteandfirstpolarbodyLHsurgeleadingtoovulationdeliveringsecondaryoocyteandz.p/c.r-nofertilization:degeneration-fertilization:completingsecondmeiosis12/13/202244OvulationOncepermonthon1412/13/20224512/12/20224512/13/20224612/12/202246CorpusLuteumGranulosaluteincellproducingprogestogenThecaluteincellproducingestrogenwithgranulosaluteincellCorpusluteumofmenstruation(14days,thendegeneration,corpusalbicans)Corpusluteumofpregnancyproducingestrogen/progestogen/relaxinunderhCG12/13/202247CorpusLuteumGranulosalutein12/13/20224812/12/202248HOMEWORKWhatisthemaindifferencesbetweenspermatogenesisandoogenesis?Describethestructureofovaryat6yrand25yr;7thdayofthecycle,21stdayofthecycle,onemonthafterpregnancyHowmanytypesofcellinovaryinvolveinhormoneproduction?

12/13/202249HOMEWORKWhatisthemaindiff12/13/20225012/12/202250OVIDUCT

Infundibulum,ampulla,isthmusandintramuralportionMucosalfoldswithsimplecolumnarciliatedcellsandsecretorycellsInnercircularandouterlongitudinalsmoothmusclecoatOutercoveringofperitonealmesothelium12/13/202251OVIDUCT

Infundibulum,ampulla12/13/20225212/12/202252UTERUSUterusbody-perimetrium-myometriumendometrium:basallayerandfunctionallayers(menstrualcycle)UterusCervixNomenstrualcycleinendocervix12/13/202253UTERUSUterusbody12/12/20225312/13/20225412/12/202254MenstrualCycle(28days)1-4day:menstrualphase5-14day:proliferative(follicularphase)15-28day:secretory(lutealphase)thick,uterinegland,stromacell,matrix,spiralartery,predecidualcell,ovarystructure&hormoneprofile12/13/202255MenstrualCycle(28days)1-412/13/20225612/12/20225612/13/20225712/12/20225712/13/20225812/12/202258HormonalRegulationofMenstrualCycleFeedbackmechanism

GnRH/FSHLH/EstrogenProgestogenFollicle&E./ProliferativePhase

LHpeakandOvulationCorpusluteum&E.P/SecretoryPhaseE&PdeclineandMenstrualPhaseWhathappensifFertilization/pregnancyoccurs?12/13/202259HormonalRegulationofMenstru12/13/20226012/12/20226012/13/20226112/12/20226112/13/20226212/12/202262HOMEWORK2Describethebasicstructureofvaginaanditscyclicchangeduringcycle.Describethebasicstructureofmammaryglandandthemaindifferencebetweenrestingandbreast-feedingmammarygland.12/13/202263HOMEWORK2DescribethebasicHISTOLOGY&

EMBRYOLOGY

MaleandFemale

ReproductiveSystems12/13/202264HISTOLOGY&

EMBRYOLOGY

Malean12/13/20226512/12/20222ReproductiveSystemSex,

Gender,

ReproductionGermCells:spermandovum(haploid)SexHormones:

Male---Androgens(Testosterone)

Female---Estrogen,ProgestogenDevelopmentalStages:infant,child,puberty,adult,menopauseandold

12/13/202266ReproductiveSystemSex,Gender12/13/20226712/12/2022412/13/20226812/12/2022512/13/20226912/12/20226MaleReproductiveSystemTestis:

producingspermandhormoneEpididymis:

spermmaturation,storageVasdeferens:

spermpassageduringejaculationAccessoryglands(prostate,seminalvesicle,bulbourethralgland):seminalplasma---environmentforspermsPenisandscrotum12/13/202270MaleReproductiveSystemTestis12/13/20227112/12/2022812/13/20227212/12/2022912/13/20227312/12/202210TESTIS

apairinscrotumCapsule:

tunicavaginalis,albugineaandvasculosa,mediastinumtestis&septulumtestisinto250testicularlobulesSeminiferousTubuleproducingspermTesticularInterstitiumproducingandrogensbyLeydigcell12/13/202274TESTIS

apairinscrotumCapsu12/13/20227512/12/202212SeminiferousTubulesSpermatogenicCells

-spermatogonia-primaryspermatocyte-secondaryspermatocyte-spermatid-testicularspermSertoliCell12/13/202276SeminiferousTubulesSpermatoge12/13/20227712/12/202214SpermatogenesisStage1:spermatogoniamitosis(5)Stage2:spermatocytemeiosis(2)Stage3:spermiogenesis-roundspermatid-elongatedspermatid-testicularsperm

(nomotility,nofertilizingcapability)12/13/202278SpermatogenesisStage1:spe12/13/20227912/12/20221612/13/20228012/12/202217SPERMCondensednucleuswithhaploid(X/Y)FlagellumandmitochondrialsheathAcrosomecontainingenzymesMembranewithovum-recognizingligand12/13/202281SPERMCondensednucleuswithha12/13/20228212/12/202219SertoliCellSupportandnutritionBlood-testisBarrierSecretion:AndrogenBindingProteinInhibinPhagocytosis12/13/202283SertoliCellSupportandnutrit12/13/20228412/12/20222112/13/20228512/12/202222LeydigCellinInterstitiumSteroid-producingcellstructureAndrogens:spermatogenesis/secondarysexualcharacteristicdevelopmentHormonalregulation

-HypothalamusGnRH-PituitaryGlandFSHLH(ICSH)

-TestisSertoliLeydig12/13/202286LeydigCellinInterstitiumSte12/13/20228712/12/20222412/13/20228812/12/202225SpermPassageTubulesrectusRetetestisEfferentductulesDuctusepididymisVasdeferensUrethra12/13/202289SpermPassageTubulesrectus12/EpididymisEfferentductules:principalcellwithcilia&glandularcellDuctusepididymis:pseudostratifiedcolumnarcellwithsterociliaMicroenvironmentforspermmaturation-motility-fertilizingcapability12/13/202290EpididymisEfferentductules:p12/13/20229112/12/20222812/13/20229212/12/20222912/13/20229312/12/20223012/13/20229412/12/202231Semen

sperm+seminalplasmaSpermcount,motilityandmorphologySeminalplasma(pH7.4,2-6ml)-bulbourethralgland:lubricate-prostate:ACP,Enzymes,PSP-seminalvesicle:fructose,decapacitationfactor,coagulationfactor12/13/202295Semen

sperm+seminalplasmaSFemaleReproductiveSystem

MenstrualCycle(bleedingmonthly)andsignificantdevelopmentalstagesOvumproductionEstrogen/progestogensecretionEmbryodevelopmentFetalbreast-feeding12/13/202296FemaleReproductiveSystem

M12/13/20229712/12/202234FemaleReproductiveSystemOvaryproducingovum&hormonesOviductUterusVaginaMammarygland12/13/202298FemaleReproductiveSystemOvarOvarianFollicleDevelopmentPrimordialfollicleprimaryoocyte+flatfollicularcells(1millionatbirth,40,000beforepuberty)GrowingFollicles(fewdecades/month)-primary-secondary

MatureFollicle(onepermonth,secondaryoocyte)AtresicFollicle12/13/202299OvarianFollicleDevelopmentPr12/13/202210012/12/20223712/13/202210112/12/20223812/13/202210212/12/202239GrowingFolliclesPrimary:-primaryoocytegrowing-follicularcellproliferation-zonapellucidaformationSecondary:-follicularantrum-cumulusoophorus&coronaradiata-stratumgranulosum-thecainternaandthecaexterna12/13/2022103GrowingFolliclesPrimary:12/12EstrogenProductionLH:17@hydroxydaseinthecacell(cholesterol-----androgen)AndrogendiffuseintogranularcellFSH:aromataseingranularcell(androgen-----estrogen)12/13/2022104EstrogenProductionLH:17@hy12/13/202210512/12/20224212/13/202210612/12/202243OvulationOncepermonthon14dayofthecycle36–48hbeforeovulation,primaryfolliclecompletesfirstmeiosis,becomingsecondaryoocyteandfirstpolarbodyLHsurgeleadingtoovulationdeliveringsecondaryoocyteandz.p/c.r-nofertilization:degeneration-fertilization:completingsecondmeiosis12/13/2022107OvulationOncepermonthon1412/13/202210812/12/20224512/13/202210912/12/202246CorpusLuteumGranulosaluteincellproducingprogestogenThecaluteincellproducingestrogenwithgranulosaluteincellCorpusluteumofmenstruation(14days,thendegeneration,corpusalbicans)Corpusluteumofpregnancyproducingestrogen/progestogen/relaxinunderhCG12/13/2022110CorpusLuteumGranulosalutein12/13/202211112/12/202248HOMEWORKWhatisthemaindifferencesbetweenspermatogenesisandoogenesis?Describethestructureofovaryat6yrand25yr;7thdayofthecycle,21stdayofthecycle,onemonthafterpregnancyHowmanytypesofcellinovaryinvolveinhormoneproduction?

12/13/2022112HOMEWORKWhatisthemaindiff12/13/202211312/12/202250OVIDUCT

Infundibulum,ampulla,isthmusandintramuralportionMucosalfoldswithsimplecolumnar

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