過(guò)去分詞的用法

過(guò)去分詞的用法過(guò)去分詞的用法過(guò)去分詞的用法資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月過(guò)去分詞的用法版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：過(guò)去分詞的用法專題（一）--過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)一、概念：過(guò)去分詞的形式、語(yǔ)法意義及作用過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，即：done:其語(yǔ)法意義及作用是表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)的和完成，主要在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)（主補(bǔ)）、狀語(yǔ)等成份。二、用法1.作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)位于系動(dòng)詞后面，主要說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)（多為人）的特點(diǎn)和狀態(tài)；此時(shí)多數(shù)分詞的被動(dòng)意義很弱，實(shí)際上這類分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，這就是我們所熟知的-ed形容詞。常見的有：delighted,disappointed,shocked,astonished,excited,frightened,experienced,interested,qualified,puzzled,exhausted,impressed,satisfied,dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known等。Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.聽到這個(gè)結(jié)果她很失望Hearingwhathesaid,wewerealldeeplyimpressed.聽了他的話，我們很受感動(dòng)。注意：1）現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing類形容詞）作表語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞（-ed類形容詞）作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別兩種分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的意味很弱，都已形容詞化；現(xiàn)在分詞化形容詞（-ing）表示“使人/令人“多用來(lái)形容事物，故主語(yǔ)多是事物；過(guò)去分詞化的形容詞(-ed)表示“感到/受…的”多用來(lái)形容人，故主語(yǔ)多是人。A.Nobodywas___________inthestoryhetold.A.Whathesaidwasvery____________.B.Thestoryhetoldwasvery___________(interest)B.Iwasvery___________atthesight.(amuse)2)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：二者形式類似，但實(shí)質(zhì)截然不同。用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)意味很強(qiáng),句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語(yǔ)。Theglasswasbroken.杯子碎了(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.杯子被湯姆打碎了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）Thedoorisclosed.門關(guān)上了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))ThedoorwasclosedbyJack門被杰克關(guān)上了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）典題：Whathehasdoneisreally_______.Nowhisparentsare_______him.A.disappointed;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby2.作定語(yǔ)1）含義：過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，叫做過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。此時(shí)分詞與其所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示該動(dòng)作已完成。2）位置：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，單個(gè)分詞，置于被修飾的詞的前面，作前置定語(yǔ)；分詞短語(yǔ)，置于所修飾詞的后面，作后置定語(yǔ)。theaffectedpeoplethepollutedwaterthebookswrittenbyLuXunthegirldressedinwhite注意：①當(dāng)單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等不定代詞時(shí),要放在這些詞后面,作后置定語(yǔ)。Thosekilledwerewomenandchildren.被殺害的那些人是婦女和兒童。Isthereanybodyinjured有人受傷嗎Nothingreportedinterestedhim.所報(bào)道事情，沒有一件使他感興趣。②有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作（或出于習(xí)慣）單個(gè)分詞也可放在所修飾詞的后面。Theexperiencegainedisofgreatvaluetous.所獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。There’slittletimeleft.沒時(shí)間了。（left通常作后置定語(yǔ)）Iwanttochangethematerialused.我想更換已用過(guò)的材料。典題：1.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope________.（2012山東）A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide2.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime_______.（2008江西卷）A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows=3\*GB3③個(gè)別過(guò)去分詞做前置定語(yǔ)與后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)意義不同,如：inthegiventime在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)aconcernedlook關(guān)切的表情awantedperson被通緝的人withthewordsgiven用所給的單詞thepeopleconcerned有關(guān)人士waiterswanted招聘服務(wù)員3)過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)用法的特點(diǎn)=1\*GB3①多數(shù)情況下，過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)和完成意義，即，分詞既表示與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又表示此動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，這是判斷用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的重要依據(jù)（其中構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系是主要依據(jù)）。theinjuredboy(表被動(dòng)、完成)thosekilledintheaccident.(表被動(dòng)、完成)thepeopleinvitedtotheparty(表被動(dòng)、完成)thespeechgivenbyher.(表被動(dòng)、完成)=2\*GB3②少數(shù)具有持續(xù)意義的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只表示被動(dòng)意義，無(wú)完成意義。therespectedandlovedteacher(=theteacherwhoisrespectedandloved)受人尊敬和愛戴的老師spokenEnglish(=Englishthatisspoken)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)writtenEnglish(=Englishiswritten)書面語(yǔ)=3\*GB3③少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只表完成意義，不表被動(dòng)。如：fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen落葉therisensun=thesunthathasrisen升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)boiledwater=waterthathasboiled開水developedcountries=countriesthathavedeveloped發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家retiredworkers=workerswhohaveretired退休工人fadedflowers=flowersthathavefaded凋謝的花朵=4\*GB3④有些過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也不表被動(dòng)，也不表完成，因?yàn)榇祟惙衷~已經(jīng)形容詞化，即：-ed形容詞），如：astonishedpeople驚訝的人們alostchild丟失的孩子brokenheart一顆破碎的心thetiredaudience疲憊的觀眾alightedcandle一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意對(duì)這些詞的積累。4）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：=1\*GB3①多數(shù)情況下，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這是二者最主要的區(qū)別。此外，過(guò)去分詞還可表示動(dòng)作已完成，現(xiàn)在分詞還可表示在進(jìn)行。Doyouknowtheboy_______(lie)underthebigtreeHeisaleader__________(respect)bythepeople.Thewheatiswateredbywater_________(bring)fromapond.Thewoman_______(sell)vegetablesispoor.注意：由于不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式，所以多數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式不能作定語(yǔ)而只能采用其現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作定語(yǔ)，如：Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltIsawanotepinnedtothedoor,_______“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater."A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading.Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath______uptothehouse.（2011山東卷）A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead典題：1.I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition_______inyesterday'sChinaDaily.(2010北京)A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised2.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hungD.beinghung3.Agreatnumberofstudents________saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.(2010四川)A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning4.Recentlyasurvey_____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.（2011江蘇）A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared=2\*GB3②過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成（不表被動(dòng)），現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。注意：此種情況僅限于少數(shù)幾個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，如：fallingleaves正在飄落的樹葉boilingwater正在沸騰的developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家fallenleaves落葉boiledwater開水developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家therisingsun冉冉升起的太陽(yáng)achangingworld一個(gè)正在發(fā)生改變的世界therisensun升起的太陽(yáng)achangedworld一個(gè)變了的世界=3\*GB3③現(xiàn)在分詞化形容詞（-ing類形容詞）表示”使人/令人…”,多用來(lái)修飾事物；過(guò)去分詞化的形容詞(-ed類形容詞)表示”感到/受…的”,多用來(lái)修飾人。disappointingnews令人失望的消息anexcitingstory激動(dòng)人心的故事atiringfilm令人乏味的電影disappointedpeople感到失望的人們excitedpeople（感到）激動(dòng)的人tiredpeople累了的人注意：某些以-ed結(jié)尾的表示情緒的形容詞有時(shí)可以修飾:look/expression/voice/eyes/smile/等詞。如：asatisfiedsmile滿意的微笑apuzzledlook/expression困惑的表情atrembledvoice顫抖的聲音典題：1.Mr.Smith,______ofthe______speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring2.The______motherlookedather________son,looking_______A.worried；worried;worriedB.worried；worrying;worriedC.worrying;worried;worryingD.worried;worried;worrying5)注意問題=1\*GB3①過(guò)去分詞(done)/現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(beingdone)/不定式的被動(dòng)式(tobedone)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：這三種形式都可作后置定語(yǔ)，都表被動(dòng)，即它們與所修飾的詞之間都構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但它們用法截然不同，具體為：過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；不定式的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：ameetingheldyesterday昨天舉行的會(huì)議ameetingbeingheldnow現(xiàn)在正在被舉行的會(huì)議ameetingtobeheldtomorrow明天將舉行的會(huì)議典題：1.TheTownHall______inthe1800'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.(2007上海)A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted2.Thebuilding______willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.A.tobepaintedB.beingpaintedC.tohavepaintedD.painted3.Weareinvitedtoaparty_______inourclubnextFriday.（2009山東）A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding4.TsinghuaUniversity,______in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.（2011福建）A.beingfoundedB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded5.Theplay________nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.（2009安徽）A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced6.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(2007全國(guó)II)A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose=2\*GB3②與定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)（尤其是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的）定語(yǔ)從句的作用，可視為由定語(yǔ)從句省去主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞（特別是系動(dòng)詞be）而形成的，是一種比定語(yǔ)從句更簡(jiǎn)潔的修飾成分。如：theaffectedpeople=thepeoplewhowereaffectedthepollutedwater=thewaterthatwaspollutedWealllikethelecturegivenbyMr.John.=WealllikethelecturethatwasgivenbyMr.John=3\*GB3③從形式上講，過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)可分為限制性（緊跟修飾詞之后，無(wú)逗號(hào)）和非限制性（用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的詞分開）兩種，其作用分別相當(dāng)于限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Ilikewearingclothesmadeof(=that/whichismadeof)thiskindofcloth.我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。Thenovels,written(whichwerewritten)byMoYan,areverypopular.這些小說(shuō)是莫言寫的，深受人們喜愛。典題：1.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded2.=1\*GB3①PresidentXivisitedseveralAmericancountriesonatrip______tostrengthentheirrelationswithChina=2\*GB3②PresidentXivisitedseveralAmericancountriesonatripthat______tostrengthentheirrelationswithChinaA.designedB.designsC.wasdesignedD.designing3.作賓補(bǔ)1)用法：過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)通常表示與其前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表被動(dòng)和完成意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)形式為:主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)），所以分詞與其前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是判斷用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的主要依據(jù)。過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)主要集中用于以下四種句式中：=1\*GB3①位于某些感官動(dòng)詞之后作賓補(bǔ)，如：find/feel/hear/see/notice/observe/watch+sb/sth+done（賓補(bǔ)）Hefoundhismoney__________(steal).Ihearthesong___________(sing)Isawaman_________(knock)downbyacar.Iheardmyname________(call)justnow.Hefoundthem__________(seat)atthetableplayingcard.典題：1.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.（2008江蘇）A.speak. B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak2.InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchased=2\*GB3②位于使役動(dòng)詞之后作賓補(bǔ)。如：have/get/make/keep/leave+sb/sth+done（賓補(bǔ)）“使/讓…被…”Ihad/gotmybike__________(repair)yesterday.Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyself__________(hear).Hemadehimself_________(know)tothemfirst.Hekept/leftthedoor_________(lock)foralongtimePleasekeepme_______(inform)ofwhatisgoingon.You’dbetterkeeptheguests_________(seat)典題：1.Clairehadluggage_______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.（2011陜西）A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked2.Alexandertriedtogethiswork_______inthemedicalcircles.(2010遼寧)A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized3.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself______ofhisowndreams.（2011重慶）A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind4.Thegirlaskedhimnottoleavethedoor_______.A.tocloseB.closedC.tobeclosedD.closing=3\*GB3③位于表示在“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)詞（like,want,wish,order）之后Iwantthesuitmadetomyownmeasure.我想要根據(jù)的尺寸做身西服。Hedidn’twantherdaughtertakenoutafterdark.他不希望天黑后女兒被帶出門。Iwishtheseletterstypedassoonaspossible.我想要把這些信件盡快打印出來(lái)。Thecommanderorderedthearmyorganized.司令命令把部隊(duì)組織起來(lái)。典題：1.Shewantsherpaintings______inthegallery,butwedon’tthinktheywouldbeverypopular.(2007上海春)A.display B.todisplay C.displaying D.displayed2.Theteacherdoesn'twishsuchquestions________inclass.A.discussingB.discussedC.todiscussD.beingdiscusse=4\*GB3④用在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（withsb./sth.done.）中。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作原因、伴隨、時(shí)間、方式等狀語(yǔ)或作定語(yǔ),其中過(guò)去分詞與前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhim.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(作伴隨狀語(yǔ))Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.(作原因狀語(yǔ))Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.(作條件狀語(yǔ))Thecustomerwithhiscellphonestolenwantedtoseethemanager.(作定語(yǔ))典題：1.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______,hegladlyacceptedit.(2007安徽)A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished2.Inthereadingroom,wefoundher______atadesk,withhisattention_____onabook.A.sitting;fixingB.sit;fixedC.sitting;tobefixedD.seated;fixed2)注意問題：=1\*GB3①由于不及物動(dòng)詞只表主動(dòng)，沒有被動(dòng)形式，所以多數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式不能作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，可采用其現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作賓補(bǔ)，表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行（一直持續(xù)）請(qǐng)比較下列幾題的做法：Heissoforgetfulthatheoftenleaveshisdoor_______.A.unlockedB.lockinglockD.beinglockedDon’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torunSittingbyherside,Icouldfeelherheart______.A.beaten B.tobeatC.beatingD.tobebeatingIfeltagreatweight_______offmymindbythispromise.A.takingB.takeC.tobetakenD.taken但有種特例需要注意：有極個(gè)別的不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（如changed）可作賓補(bǔ)，但只表動(dòng)作完成或已發(fā)生，不表被動(dòng)。Whenhewokeup,hefoundeverythingchanged.當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都變了。典題：Theywokeup,__________everythingaround________.A.found;changedB.finding;changedC.tofind;changingD.tofind;changed=2\*GB3②多數(shù)情況下，過(guò)去分詞與其前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,這是選用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的主要依據(jù)，但某些分詞化的形容詞作賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，只表狀態(tài)和特點(diǎn)，不表被動(dòng)，可當(dāng)成固定搭配去用。如：seated(就坐著的，坐著的)gone(消失的，不見的)lost（丟失的）worried（擔(dān)心的）dressed（穿好衣服的）hidden(隱藏的；躲藏的)shut(關(guān)閉的)broken(破碎的)open（開著的）lostin…沉浸于；迷失于…dressedin…穿著…WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirl_________(seat)inthecorner.Ifoundher________(dressed)inaredsuitattheparty.Theboyfoundhimself_______(lose)intheforest．Thelawgetsmostparents___________(worry)Hefoundhiscar_________(go)inthestreet.Hekepthisprivatepapers__________(hide)inthesmallbox.典題：1.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents______.(2004重慶）A.worried B.toworry C.worrying D.worry2.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.（2011浙江）A.lose B.lost C.tolose D.havinglost3.Keepyourmouth_______andyoureyes________.A.shut;opened B.shutting;opened C.shut;openD.shutting;open=3\*GB3③“have/getsthdone”的幾種含義a.表示“(主語(yǔ))請(qǐng)/讓別人做某事”，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是主語(yǔ)。Iwanttohavemyhaircut.我想理理發(fā)。（主語(yǔ)I不是cut的執(zhí)行者）Ihad/gotmycomputerrepaired.我找人把我的電腦修好了。（主語(yǔ)I不是repair的執(zhí)行者）b.表示”(主語(yǔ))遭遇、遭受((某不愉快、不測(cè)的事情)”,此時(shí)主語(yǔ)也不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。KingCharleshadhisheadcutoff.國(guó)王查理被砍了頭。（此句不可譯為：國(guó)王查理讓人把自己的頭砍掉了。）Hehad/gothismoneystolen.他的錢被偷了。（此句不可譯為：他讓人把自己的錢偷了。）c.表示“（主語(yǔ)自己）完成某事（使某事被做）”，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是主語(yǔ)自己。IwanttohavemyEnglishimproved.我想提高我的英語(yǔ)。（主語(yǔ)I是improve的執(zhí)行者）Ican’tget/havemycarstarted.我不能把車發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)。（主語(yǔ)I是start的執(zhí)行者）LastweekIhad100dollarssaved.上周我攢了100美元。（主語(yǔ)I是save的執(zhí)行者）典題：1.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself(安徽2007)—He_______,becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.A.hasitfixed B.hadfixeditC.haditfixed D.fixedit2.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_____inashortperiod.(2007福建)A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve3.Thetwostudentsweretoldtohavetheclassroom_______afterschool.A.cleanB.cleanedC.cleaningD.toclean=4\*GB3④這類句子可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此時(shí)過(guò)去分詞意義用法不變，但由作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)改為了作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Wefoundthesongsungeverywhereacrossthecountry.(作賓補(bǔ))我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這首歌傳唱了全國(guó)。Thesongwasfoundsungeverywhereacrossthecountry.(作主補(bǔ))這首歌被發(fā)現(xiàn)傳唱了全國(guó)。Theymadetheresultknowntothepublic.(作賓補(bǔ))Theresultwasmadeknowntothepublic.(作主補(bǔ))Healwayskeeps/leavesthedoorlocked.(作賓補(bǔ))Thedoorisalwaysleft/keptlocked.(作主補(bǔ))Wekepttheminformedofthelatestnews.(作賓補(bǔ))Theywerekeptinformedofthelatestnews.(作主補(bǔ))典題：1.Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied2.Theplanisheard______sowellthatwedon’thavetomakeanychange.designB.designingC.designedD.design=5\*GB3⑤使役動(dòng)詞get/have其它重要結(jié)構(gòu)及其區(qū)別：a.getsbtodo=havesbtodo“讓某人去做….”,在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)sb與后面的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但get短語(yǔ)中，要用to-do;have短語(yǔ)中要用do,切不可混淆。b.getsthdoing“讓…（做）起來(lái)”，在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)與后面的動(dòng)作同樣構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，賓語(yǔ)常是機(jī)器一類的東西。如：Icouldn’tgetmycargoing=Icouldn’tgetmycarstarted我無(wú)法使我的車發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)。c.havesbdo/havesbdoing“讓某人做…/讓某人一直做…”在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，其賓語(yǔ)與后面的動(dòng)作都構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,區(qū)別在于，用do強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性的動(dòng)作,用doing強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)或反復(fù)。如：Mumhadmecleanmybedroomyesterday.昨天媽媽讓我打掃了我的臥室。Mumhadmecleaningmybedroomyesterday.昨天媽媽讓我一直打掃我的臥室。另外需注意的是，have當(dāng)”有”講時(shí)，常構(gòu)成：havesthtodo“有…要做”，此時(shí)，todo不是做賓補(bǔ)，而是to不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的賓語(yǔ)，所以一定要與上面的幾種情形區(qū)分開來(lái)。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多作業(yè)要做。典題：1.Don’tworry,I’llhaveit______andgetsomeone_____ittoyoutomorrow.A.typed;sendtype;tosendC.type;sendD.typed;tosend2.Ihavehadmybike_______andI’mgoingtohavesomebody______myradiotomorrow.A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;torepairing3.—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301(2007北京)—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.shownB.showC.toshowD.showing4.Jackdidn’tgethisbicycle______soonenoughatJack’s,forJohnhadalotofbicycles______atthetime.A.toberepaired,torepairB.repaired,torepairC.torepair,toberepairedD.torepair,repaired5.Ihavealotofreadings_______beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山東)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted3)過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：=1\*GB3①過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Iheardher_________(sing)inEnglishwhenIpassed.Iheardthesong_________(sing)inEnglish.=2\*GB3②過(guò)去分詞化形容詞（-ed類形容詞）與現(xiàn)在分詞化（-ing類形容詞）作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞化形容詞（-ed類形容詞）作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)一般是人；現(xiàn)在分詞化（-ing類形容詞）作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)一般是事物。Ifindthebook____________(interesting/interested)Ifindhim______________inthebook.(interesting/interested)The_______professorfoundthematter________.A.surprising;surprisedB.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprisedD.surprised;surprising典題：1.Mybrotherlefttheworkhalf________,foryoucanfindmanybooks_______scatteredonthefloor.A.done,lyingB.doing,lainC.do,layD.did,lie2.Whenwewatchedthenationalflag_______intheOlympicGamesonTV,weraisedacheer.A.risingB.beingrisenC.raisedD.raising3.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues_______withherstories.(2010上海)A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused4.Don’tleavethedoor______andthewater______.A.unlock;runningB.unlocked;runC.unlocked;runningD.unlocking;run鞏固練習(xí)1.Shefeltrather_______thatsheshoulddrivethecaratsucha_______speed.A.frightening,frighteningB.frightened,frightenedC.frightening,frightenedD.frightened,frightening2.Theman_____inbluelooksunhappy.WhatisthematterBecausehefeels_____athisson’sfailure.A.dressed;disappointedB.dressing;disappointingC.dressing;disappointedD.dressed;disappointed3.Itwasso_____apoemthatquiteafewchildrenwere_____totears.A.moved；movedB.moving;movingC.moved;movingD.moving;moved4.Hearingthe_______news,weallfelt_______.A.encouraging;encouragingB.encouraged;encouragedC.encouraged;encouragingD.encouraging;encouraged5.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthereappeareda______lookonherfaceonhearingtheunexpectednew.A.worriedB.worryingC.toworryD.worry6.Asisknowntousall,travelingis______,butweoftenfeel______whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiring.C.interesting;tiringD.interested;tired7.Pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.(2007山東)A.tosealB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated8.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating9.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating10.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010福建)A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck11.Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.(11’湖南)A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected13.Itisoneofthefunniestthings______ontheInternetsofarthisyear.（2008浙江）A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found14.Fromthedates______onthegoldcoin,itisconfirmedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked15.“It’ssuchaniceplace,”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable______forcustomers.(2012浙江)A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved16.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle______toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.(2006山東卷).A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven17.Canthose______atthebackoftheclassroomhearme（2008福建卷）A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat18.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell______.（2005湖北）A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending19.Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof_______.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthose20.Thereseemedtobenothing______todobut______forthedoctor.A.leave;sendB.left;tosendC.left;sendD.leaving;send21.Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全國(guó)）A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined22.TheOlympicGames,______in776.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying23.Thecomputercenter,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened24.Thelecture,_______at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartingC.startedD.tobestarted25.Thereisagreatdealofevidence______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.(2009浙江）A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating27.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_______fromthelibrary.(2010全國(guó)卷=1\*ROMANI)A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowed D.borrowing28.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed29.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.(2010重慶)A.repaired B.beingrepaired C.repairing D.toberepaired30.Thebuilding_______inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt31.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney_______inthelibrary.(2010湖南)A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discovering D.havingdiscovered32.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow______hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(2007四川)A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.tosay33.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known34.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay_______inthehallnowA.tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingon35.Hisfirstbook________nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished36.Thefirsttextbooks_______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written37.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter_____himit.(2012江西)A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered38.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_________vacationtoChina.(2005北京)A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid39.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar_______.(2012四川)A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash40.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit_______oftenenough.（2005天津）A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained41.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundtheroomlightingand______A.enteredB.enteringC.toenterD.enter42.Wefoundthemeetingroomthoroughly________andeverything________ingoodorder.A.cleaned;arrangedB.cleaned;arrangingC.cleaning;arrangedD.cleaning;arranging43.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse______afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell______careofinthenursery.A.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking44.Hefoundthem_______attable_______.A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess45.Icanmakeyou_______whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself_______inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand;understoodC.tounderstand;understandD.understand;tobeunderstood46.Theprogramme