金融英語聽力4,5,6單元

金融英語聽力4,5,6單元金融英語聽力4,5,6單元金融英語聽力4,5,6單元資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月金融英語聽力4,5,6單元版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：Unit4Passage1Therearedifferentkindsofbankaccounts.Themostpopularisthecheckingaccount.Acheckingaccountpaysnointerestbutithasotheradvantages.Firstly,itenablespeopletokeeptheirmoneyinasafeplace.Secondly,itallowsthemtowithdrawtheirmoneyatanytime.Thirdly,itprovidesthemwithachequebooksothattheydonotcarryalargeamountofcashwiththem.

Toopenacheckingaccountitisnecessarytoseethebranchmanager.Hehastodecidewhethertheapplicantislikelytokeepacreditbalanceintheaccount.Acheckingaccountholdercanonlymakeanoverdrawalwiththemanager'spermission.Themanagerwillthereforewanttomeettheapplicanttogetthenecessarybackgroundinformation.Forexample,hewillwanttoknowtheapplicant'soccupationandhisplaceofwork.Hewillalsoprobablywantareferencefromhis/heremployer.If,aftertheinterview,themanagerissatisfiedwiththeapplicant,hewillapprovetheapplication,arrangefortheapplicanttobegivenachequebookandarrangeforamonthlystatementtobesenttotheaccountholder.Passage2Adepositaccountisapopularkindofaccount.Ithasadvantagesoveracheckingaccounts.Forone,itiseasiertoopenthancheckingaccount.Thereisnoneedtoseethemanager.Acustomeronlyneedstofilloutaformandthendeposittheminimumamountofmoneyrequiredbythebank.Thecustomeristhengivenapassbookwhichhemustbringtothebankeverytimehewishestowithdrawordepositmoney.Thepassbookisthecustomer'srecordoftheaccount.

Secondly,adepositaccountearnsinterestforthecustomer.Thebankinveststhemoneythatispaidbythecustomerand,inturn,thebankpaysthecustomerinterest.TherateofinterestintheU.K.isnotfixedbutitisusuallybetween5-10%.However,adepositaccountdoeshavesomedisadvantages.Somebanksdopermitlimitedwithdrawalsinoneday.Anotherdisadvantageisthatthecustomerdoesn'treceiveachequebookandtherefore,hecannotpaydirectlyhisbillswiththisaccount.Unit5Passage1Aninterestrateisthecostofborrowingorthepricepaidfortherentaloffunds(usuallyexpressedasapercentageoftherentalof$100.00peryear).Weseemanyinterestratesintheeconomy----mortgageinterestrates,carloanrates,andinterestratesonmanydifferenttypesofbonds.Interestratesareimportantvariablestoyoubecausetheyaffectsomanypersonaldecisions.Highinterestratescoulddeteryoufrombuyingahouseoracarbecausethecostoffinancingthemwouldbehigh.Ontheotherhand,highinterestratescouldencourageyoutosave.Youcanearnmoreinterestincomebyputtingyoursavingsintoanaccountatthebankwheninterestratesarehigh.

Interestrateshaveanimpactontheoverallhealthoftheeconomybecausetheyaffectnotonlyconsumers'willingnesstospendorsave,butalsobusinesses'investmentdecisionsHighinterestrates,forexample,maycauseacorporationtopostponebuildinganewplantthatwouldinsuremorejobs.Passage2ChinalowereditsinterestratesondepositsandloansonNov.1,1997,tohelpitsdebt-riddenstate—ownedenterprises.ThisisthethirdinterestratecutsinceMay,1996,anditreducedthesavingsrateby1.1%andloweredthecostofaloanby1.5percent.

Savingsratesareleversthatacentralbankcanemploytoadjustthegrowthrateofthecountry'smacroeconomyaswellascontrolinflation.PreviousexperiencesuggeststhatinterestrateadjustmentsinChinaaremainlyaimedatcontrollinginflation.Forinstancewheninflationsurges,theinterestratedropsandwheninflationarypressuresease,theinterestratesrise.

FromFebruarytoSeptemberof1997,theretailpriceindexfell1.3percentandtheconsumerpriceindexstoodat3.4percentwhencomparedtothepreviousyear.Lowerinflationhelpspromoteeconomicgrowth,solvetheproblemofunemploymentandreformChina'sStatesector.Italsocreatesafavorableclimateforfurtherinterestratereductions.

Generally,ifacentralbankcutsinterestrates,itsuggeststhatthebankisgoingtorelaxitscreditcontrol.ButthisreductiondoesnotindicatethatChinaisrelaxingitscreditcontrolorgiveupitstightmonetarypolicy.Thecutwasmadeprimarilytohelpeasethedebtburdencreatedbyvariousstate-ownedenterprises.Afterthecut,theinterestrateonone-yearfloatingfundwas8.64percentwhichis3.4percentagepointslowerthanthepreviousyear.Thiswillgreatlyeasetheinterestpaymentburdenontheenterprisesandhelpthemimproveefficiencyinproductionandmanagement.Unit6Passage1Intheforeignexchangemarket,exchangeratesarequotedforthesellingandbuyingofforeignexchange.Theseratesarenormallyappliedtothewholesalelevelwheresubstantiallylargetransactionstakeplace.Commercialbanks,merchantbanks,corporations,particularlythoseofmultinationals,andmajorgovernmentinstitutionsaretheprincipalparticipantsinsuchlargetransactions.

Spotratesareratesquotedforspottransactionforforeignexchange.Spottransactionsrequiredeliveryoftheexchangeinvolvedwithintwobusinessdays.Theratesarenormallydeterminedbythesupplyofthedemandforandthecontinuouslyneededforeigncurrencies.Whenthedomesticcurrencyisnotdirectlytradedwithanothercurrencyintheforeignexchangemarket,itrequiresathirdcountry'scurrencyasabasetodeterminethecommonrelationship.Theratedeterminedintermsofathirdcurrencyiscalled“crossrate”.Forexample,ifaChinesemerchantwantstoknowtheexchangeratebetweenthePhilippinesPesoandRMBbutcannotfindthedirectcurrencies,themerchanthastoworkitoutbyusingtheUSdollarasacommonbase.Passage2Theoverwhelmingmajorityofinternationalpaymentsaremadethroughthemediaofforeignexchangetradedinforeignexchangemarkets.Theforeignexchangemarketisnotanorganizedmarketinthesamesenseasastockexchangeorcommodityexchange.Inotherwords,thereisnosingle,physicalplacewherepurchasesandsalesareexecuted.Whilemarketsareorganizedinvariouswaysindifferentcountriesoftheworld,mostforeignexchangetransactionsaresimplearrangedbytwopartiesandexecutedbytelephoneortelex.Themostimportantdealersinforeignexchangetransactionsarelargecommercialbanks,whichmaintainforeignexchange“dealingrooms”andexecuteforeignexc