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2021年河南省新鄉(xiāng)市高考英語三模試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)AEachweekVisitIndypublishessomeeventsfortheupcomingweekend.Herearesomeofthem.FanPoweredWorldTourHarlemGlobetrotters,theworld-famousbasketballstarscelebratetheirfansonthistourwithmoreinteractiveexperiencesthaneverbefore.YouhavetwoopportunitiestocatchtheshowastheGlobetrottersfacetheWashingtonGeneralsonbothFridayandMondayatBankersLifeFieldhouse.Ticketsare$26andup.BasketballDayofIndianaIndiana'sloveofbasketballisfamous,andSaturday'scelebrationwillpleasefansfromhighschooltocollege.BankersLifeFieldhousehostshighschoolgirlsandboysplayingduringtheafternoon.YouwillwatchthegamebetweenPacersandtheDallasMaverickstherethatevening.Ticketsstartat$22.MLKDayCelebrationHonorthememoryofDr,Kingaslocalartistspresentpoetry,music,anddancethatshowthethemeoflove.Dr.Kingfeltitwasimportanttocommunicatewitheachotherinordertobreakdownbarriers.VisitorstotheSunday'sfreeprograminNewfieldsareadvisedtodothatviasocialactivitiesandbyparticipatinginadonationdrive.JingleRailsGetyourpleasureonRoute66foronefinalweekendthisseason.SeeMt.Rushmore,OldFaithfulandtheGrandCanyon,aswellaslocaltreasureslikeMonumentCircle,HilbertCircleTheatre,andtheIndianaStateFair.Ticketsstartat$33.Wherecanyouwatchbasketballgames? A.OnMt.Rushmore. B.InNewfields.C.AtBankersLifeFieldhouse. D.IntheGrandCanyon.Whicheventisfreeofcharge? A.MLKDayCelebration. B.BasketballDayofIndiana.C.FanPoweredWorldTour. D.JingleRails.WhatcanyoudoafterparticipatinginJingleRails? A.Haveatalkwithstars. B.Visitplacesofinterest.C.Volunteerforacharity. D.LivewithLocalpeople.BWhenIwasyoung,Ihadawrongunderstandingofbeinggreat.IbelievedIwasspecialanddifferentandshouldberichandfamousbecauseofmytalent.Iwasgoingtolivemydreamratherthanbeinga"normal"person.Butastimepassed,realitysetinandmyperspectivechanged.Iamateacher,marriedtoasalesmanwithababyandamortgage(按揭貸款).Couldmylifebemorenormal?Yet,Iamokaywiththis.WereItohaveaconversationwithmytwenty-year-oldself,shewouldn'tunderstandwhyI'mnotgoingtoNYCtogetanaudition(試演).Infouryearsmycoworkershaveneverheardmesing.IfI'dboughtahouse,itshouldhavebeeninaninterestingneighborhoodwithcoffeehousesateverycorner.ShewouldlaughatthecornerhouseintheneighborhoodInowcallhome.ButIknowthingsshedidn'tknow.Lifeissomuchmorecomplicated,wonderfulandterrible.Iknowwhatitmeanstoworkforlove,notjustsittingbackandlettingithappenthewayitcanwhenyou'reyoung.Iknowaboutbringinglifeintotheworld,andthecomplexityofemotions.Mylifeissimple.Itissmall,andmayseeminterchangeablewithsomanyotherlivesthere.Imaynevermakeanimpactoutsidemyhouse.ButI'velearneditisimportanttoberelative.Tomylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama".Whenshereachesout,it'sformealone.So,isitasmalllife?It'sperfectlyfinetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatI'vewantedallalong.Whatwastheauthorlikewhenshewasyoung? A.Shewasbrave. B.Shewashonest.C.Shewasproud. D.Shewascautious.Whydoestheauthorimaginetalkingtohertwenty-year-oldself? Torevealthekeytohersuccess.Toshowshehasbecomemature.Toproveherdreamhascometrue.Tointroduceherpresentunhappiness.Whatistheauthor'spresentfocus? Caringforherfamily.Openingherhearttotheworld.Livingwithherdaughterspecially.Learningthecomplexityofemotions.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthetext? Wecanbetheonewefeelsatisfiedwith.Wecanachieveourdreamsifweworkhard.Weshouldkeepincontactwithourfamilies.Wewillcomebacktoanormallifesomeday.CInrecentyears,Ethiopiahasbecomearegionalleaderinsolidwastemanagement.Lastyear,thecountrytransformedthelandfill(垃圾填埋場)inAddisAbabaintoanewwaste-to-energyplant,thefirstsuchprojectonthecontinent.Theplantincineratesupto1400tonnesofwasteeveryday,about80percentofthecity'srubbish,supplyingthecapitalwith25percentofitshouseholdelectricityneeds.However,despitetheseimportantsteps,challengesremaininEthiopia.AlthoughthecountryhaspermittedtheBasel,StockholmandRotterdamconventions,lawsandpoliciesforenvironmentallysoundmanagementofhazardous(有害的)wastesarestillnoteffectiveinpreventinglitteringwasteillegally.TohelpEthiopiameetthesechallenges,theChemicalsandWasteManagementProgramissupportingthecountrywithathree-yearprojecttoenhanceitscapacityforsoundmanagementofhazardouswastes.Intheinitialstages,aprojectmanagementunitwillbeformed,madeupofmanyrepresentativesfromgovernmentdepartmentsandprivateorganizations.ThisunitwillberesponsibleforreviewingandassessingEthiopia'scurrentlegalsystem,which,despitenumerousadvancesinrecentyears,doesnotspecificallytargettherecyclingofhazardouswaste.Oncelegalgapsareidentified,theprojectwillseektoupdateexistingpoliciesandstrategies.ManypeopleinEthiopiaarenotawareofthepossibleeffectofenvironmentaldamageandtheneedtoreportsuchcrimestothepolice.Toresolvethispressingissue,Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment.Ethiopiawillalsoworktoestablishanationalmechanismforchemicalsandwaste第3頁,共21頁managementbyengaginggovernmentdepartmentsandcivilsocietygroups.Authoritieswillalsomakebudgetaryprovisions(預(yù)算撥款)innational,regionalandinstitutionalplanningtoensurefundingfortheseactivitiesissustainableevenaftertheproject'scompletion.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"incinerates"inparagraph1? A.produces B.gathers C.burns D.absorbsWhat'sthemainproblemofEthiopiainwastemanagement? Thefundsarenotsufficient.Theshortageofworkersissevere.Thepollutionlevelistoohigh.Therelevantlawsarenotsound.WhatwillEthiopiadotohelpthenativesprotecttheenvironment? Raisetheirenvironmentalawareness.Callonthemtostartsomeprograms.Rewardthemwithbudgetaryprovisions.RestricttheirenvironmentalmovementWhatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout? Ethiopiaisfacingseriousenvironmentalproblems.Ethiopiaisputtingeffortsintowastemanagement.Ethiopiahasachievedsuccessinwastemanagement.Ethiopiahasreducedenvironmentalpollutionlevels.DHereonEarthwheremostofuslive,wespendaboutathirdofeverydaylyingdownsleepingandtwo-thirdsstandingorsittinginanuprightposition.That'snotreallyhowitgoesinspacewhenpeopleareweightlessandthezerogravityenvironmentcausesmoreliquidtoshifttothehead.Facesgetswollen,legslosevolumeandappeartobesmaller.ManyastronautshavecomplainedofeyeandbackproblemsaftercomingbackdowntoEarthanditsgravity.Andnowscientistssaytheyhavediscoveredsomenewriskswithlong-termspaceflight.AstudypublishedrecentlyinJAMANetworkOpen,amedicaljournal,examined11healthyastronautswhohadbeenontheInternationalSpaceStationforsixmonths.Eightofthemhadunusualcharacteristicsobservedintheirblood.Forinstance,sixoftheastronautshadreverse(反向的)bloodflowfromtheirheads.Theleadauthorofthestudysayshedoesn'tknowifthat'sactuallyharmful.Thebloodisstillleavingtheheadfromotherpathways,soflowingbackwardsthroughajugularvein頸靜脈)maynotbedangerous.Buthesaysitdoesshowachangeinhowbloodmovesthroughthebodywhileinspace.Anotherissuethestudyfoundwasbloodclots(凝塊).Oneastronauthadone.Anothershowedsignsofapartialbloodclot.Thatispotentiallyharmfulastheclotscanblocktheflowofbloodtothelungs.Theastronautwhohadonewastreatedfortherestofthespaceflightandmadeithomesafely.Whatdoesallthismean?Well,oneresearchersaystheseissueshaveprobablybeenoccurringsincehumansfirstwentintospaceandthattheywouldlikelyresolvethemselveswhenastronautscamebackdowntoEarth.Knowingaboutthemnowgivesdoctorssomethingelsetomonitorwhenpeopleleaveouratmosphere.Whatcausesthephysicalproblemsforastronauts? A.Sleepingforalongtime. B.Stayinginthespaceship.C.Theshiftintheirbodies. D.Thezerogravityenvironment.Howmanyissuesdidthestudynewlyfind? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.Whatcanweknowaboutthebloodclot? Itisathreattopeople'shealth.Itwasfirstfoundbyastronauts.Itisanewkindofdisease.Itisacommonproblem.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext? DoctorshaveanewtaskforastronautsZerogravitystopsastronautsflyinginspaceNewrisksarefoundinlong-termspaceflightIt'sdangerousforastronautstoflyintospace二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共10.0分)Personalprofilesareanexcellentwaytoexpressinformationintoasimpleformat.Herearesomebasicstepsthatyou'llwanttofollow.Sharepositivethings,butnotexcessive(過度的).Everyonehasproblems,butnoonewantstoreadabunchofnegativesoul-searching.Don'tcomplain,orendlesslydescribeyourhealthproblems,relationshipdramas,kidproblems,etc.(1) Takeprideinwhoyouareandwhatyouareallabout.Itisn'thelpfultocriticizeyourself.Itmakespeopleuncomfortableandit'sannoyingtofeelthatyouhavetobuildupanotherperson'svalueconstantly.(2) Noonecangetclosetoyou.Thegirlwhosayssheisfatandshyrelentlessly(無情地)willturnpeopleaway.(3) Therearegroupswhobelievethattheirjobsaretoconverttheworldtotheirwaysofthinking.Althoughitmayseemurgent,thepersonalprofileisnotthevenuetoboast.Itwillnotpromoteyourmessageinahealthyway.Don'tadvertiseorsell.(4) Thepersonalprofileisaboutyouandshouldnotbeusedtomakemoney.Thesitesyouusemayputadson,butthatishowtheygeneratefundstokeepthesitesfree.Thisisyourownlittlemessagetotheworld.Ifyouuseotherpeople'stipstomakeaprofile,everyonecan.enjoythebenefits.Writeinoutlineformat.Don'tsayitinalongsentence.It'simportanttoseekhelpbeforewriting.Don'tuseyourprofileasaplacetoshowoff.Self-criticismisreallyaformofcontroloverothers.Ifyouneedcustomers,useaknownbusinessnetwork.Peoplewhodothishavewarningsignsontheirprofiles.16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空(本大題共20小題,共30.0分)Once,arichmandrovehisexpensivecarwithfullspeed.Listeningtothemu(sic1) ,hedidn'tpayattentiontothetrafficsign.Suddenlyabadcaraccidenthappenedtohim.Hewas(2) withbloodallover.Withthehelpofpassers-by,hewasadmittedtotheb(est3) ofthetown.Whenheopenedhiseyes,hecouldn'tmovehisbodyevenaninch.Thedoctorcametohisbedandasked"Howareyoufeeling,sir?"Heshookhisheadwithmuch(4) .Thedoctorsoftlycomfortedhimthathewouldcertainl(y5) butitwouldtaketimebecauseofhis(6) andseveralotherdiseases.Fewdayslater,hecould(7) tospeak.Whenthedoctorvisitedhimagain,hebecametoo(8) andsaid,"Doctor,pleasedosomethingsothatIcan(be9) thehospital.Iwould(10) asmuchmoneyasyouwant.""Sir,Iamtryingmybestbut(11) therecoveringprocessis(12) ,"thedoctorcontinued,"Whiledriving,youaresupposedto(13) thetrafficregulations.Thatyouarewealthydoesn't(14) youcouldspendthemoneyasyoupleased.Yourunhealthyeatinghabitshavebroughtyousome(15) ,whichputyouintotrouble."Whentheman(16) hispastdeeds,heregrettedforhisownacts.He(17) thatmoneycoulddonothingbutsupplysometemporary(18) .Wealthisnothingbeforehealth!Hefeltashamedofhis(19) !"Thankyouforyourguidance,doctor!Please(20) myignorance!"21.A.regularlyB.attentivelyC.confidentlyD.obviously22.A.delightedB.unconcernedC.unconsciousD.thrilled23.A.restaurantB.companyC.organizationD.hospital24.A.difficultyB.satisfactionC.courageD.relief25.A.succeedB.surviveC.recoverD.harvest26.A.attitudesB.injuriesC.modelsD.disabilities27.A.prepareB.happenC.continueD.manage28.A.powerfulB.discouragedC.embarrassedD.impatient29.A.releasedfromB.accustomedtoC.satisfiedwithD.addictedto30.A.borrowB.collectC.spendD.earn31.A.eventuallyB.unfortunatelyC.undoubtedlyD.unnecessarily32.A.slowB.practicalC.differentD.normal33.A.explainB.considerC.observeD.repeat34.A.demandB.meanC.guaranteeD.prove35.A.diseasesB.surprisesC.disadvantagesD.fears36.A.comparedB.sharedC.discussedD.recalled37.A.wonderedB.expectedC.realizedD.pretended38.A.curiosityB.pleasureC.freedomD.stress39.A.appearanceB.dishonestyC.anxietyD.pride40.A.forgiveB.reconsiderC.criticizeD.punish四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)Themodern-dayhomesofakindofcave-livingspiderstracethelong-gonesouthernlimitsofglaciersatthetopofthelas(t1) (majority)iceage,about22,000yearsago.Somespeciesliv(e2) cold,humidcavesinthePyrenees,theAlpsandtheBalkanPeninsula,forminganarrowbandacrossEurope.Researchers(3) (compare)thisrangewithgeologists'modelsofglaciercoverduringthelasticeageandfoundthebandalmos(t4) (exact)matchedthemaximumsouthernedgesoftheglaciers,withonlyslightvariations.Anexpertsaysthecreaturesnotonlywouldlikelynothavesurvivedificehadcoveredtheircave(s,5) theyalsoprobablycouldnothavesurvivedthewarmertemperaturesfartherfromtheglaciers'edge,"Therewas(6) balancebetweencoolconditionsandacavethatwasn'ttotally(7) (cover),"henotes,"Whatyouseenow(8) (be)justtheshadowofalargerancestraldistribution."Thesespeciesareindicatorsofgeographicchangesincetheydon'tmovemuchoveralifetimeoroverageneration(.9) (map)thedistributionofcavespeciescouldacta(s10) (addition)evidenceforresearchersinvestigatingpastclimateconditions.五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(八,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。Itwasaverybusyafternoon.Thestorewasfillwithmanypeople.Iselectafewthingsasquicklyaspossiblebutthenwenttothecheckout.ThereIfoundmanypeoplewaitingtheirorderstobecheckedout.Iwasworried,thinkinghewouldbelatetopickupmytwochild.Justthen,anoldman,whichstoodinfrontofme,said,"Youdon'thavemanythings.Whynotjustgoinginfrontofme?""Thanks,butyoudon'thavemanyneither,"Isaid.Hejustsmiledandsteppedawaytomaketheroomforme.Iwassothankful.六、書面表達(本大題共1小題,共25.0分)43.假定你是李華,你的美國網(wǎng)友Mike來信說當?shù)囟?,?jīng)常有暴風雪。為保證學生安全,學校會在暴風雪天氣停課。他向你咨詢"停課在家是否應(yīng)該上網(wǎng)課",請用英語寫一封回信,內(nèi)容包括:.你的看法;.你的理由。注意:.詞數(shù)100左右;.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好。答案和解析1.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】A【小題3】B【解析】(1)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BasketballDayofIndiana部分"Indiana'sloveofbasketballisfamous,andSaturday'scelebrationwillpleasefansfromhighschooltocollege.BankersLifeFieldhousehostshighschoolgirlsandboysplayingduringtheafternoon.YouwillwatchthegamebetweenPacersandtheDallasMaverickstherethatevening.印第安納州對籃球的熱愛是眾所周知的,周六的慶祝活動將取悅從高中到大學的球迷?!躲y行家生活》雜志舉辦了高中女生和男生下午的游戲。你將在那里觀看步行者隊和達拉斯小牛隊當晚的比賽。"可知你在BankersLifeFieldhouse看籃球比賽。故選C.(2)A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MLKDayCelebration部分"VisitorstotheSunday'sfreeprograminNewfieldsareadvisedtodothatviasocialactivitiesandbyparticipatinginadonationdrive.星期天在紐菲爾德的免費活動的參觀者被建議通過社會活動和參與捐贈活動來做到這一點。"可知MLKDayCelebration是免費的。故選A.(3)B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)JingleRails部分"GetyourpleasureonRoute66foronefinalweekendthisseason.SeeMt.Rushmore,OldFaithfulandtheGrandCanyon,aswellaslocaltreasureslikeMonumentCircle,HilbertCircleTheatre,andtheIndianaStateFair.參觀拉什莫爾山、老忠實者和大峽谷,以及紀念碑圈、希爾伯特圈劇院和印第安納州博覽會等當?shù)卣鋵??!痹趨⒓覬ingleRails之后能夠參觀名勝。故選B.本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了印第安納州每周為即將到來的周末發(fā)布一些活動的詳細信息。1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。4.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】D【解析(1)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句和第三句"1believedIwasspecialanddifferentandshouldberichandfamousbecauseofmytalent.Iwasgoingtolivemydreamratherthanbeinga"normal"person.(我相信我是與眾不同的,得益于我的才華,我會富有和出名,我要實現(xiàn)我的夢想,而不是成為一個"普通"人。)"可知,作者小時候相信自己是有天賦的,不會成為普通人,由此可以推斷,作者年輕的時候是十分驕傲的。A.Shewasbrave她很勇敢;B.Shewashonest她很誠實;C.Shewasproud.她很驕傲;D.Shewascautious她很謹慎。故選C.(2)B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"ButIknowthingsshedidn'tknow.Lifeissomuchmorecomplicated,wonderfulandterrible.Iknowwhatitmeanstoworkforlove,notjustsittingbackandlettingithappenthewayitcanwhenyou'reyoung.Iknowaboutbringinglifeintotheworld,andcomplexityofemotions.(但我知道她不知道的事情。生活是如此的復(fù)雜,美妙和可怕。我知道為愛而工作意味著什么,而不僅僅是坐視不理,任由它以你年輕時的方式發(fā)生。我知道如何將生命帶入這個世界,以及情感的復(fù)雜性。)"可知,作者知道了很多年輕的時候不知道的事情,而且生活十分復(fù)雜,由此可以推斷出,作者變得更加成熟了,且和二十歲的自己說話是想要展示自己已經(jīng)更加成熟了,故選B.(3)A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Tomylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama".Whenshereachesout,it'sformealone.So,isitasmallli?feIt'sperfectlyfinetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatI'vewantedallalong對于我的小女兒,我是無可替代的。當她哭的時候,她會叫媽媽。當她出去的時候,孤獨的就是我。所以,這是一種很小的生活嗎?對我來說很好。事實上,我想這是我一直想要的。)"可知,作者一直想要的是簡單的生活,因此作者現(xiàn)在想要照顧好她的家庭,故選A.(4)D.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Butastimepassed,realitysetinandmyperspectivechanged(但是隨著時間的流逝,現(xiàn)實到來,我的觀點也發(fā)生了改變。)”和文章最后一段"T。mylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama".Whenshereachesout,it'sformealone.So,isitasmalllife?It'sperfectlyfinetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatI'vewantedallalong.(對于我的小女兒,我是無可替代的。當她哭的時候,她會叫媽媽。當她出去的時候,孤獨的就是我。所以,這是一種很小的生活嗎?對我來說很好。事實上,我想這是我一直想要的。)"可知,作者長大后接受了自己的普通,也想告訴我們總有一天我們也會接受自己的普通。A.Wecanbetheonewefeelsatisfiedwith我們可以成為自己滿意的人;B.Wecanachieveourdreamsifweworkhard如果我們努力,就可以實現(xiàn)自己的夢想;C.Weshouldkeepincontactwithourfamilies我們要和家人保持聯(lián)系;D.Wewillcomebacktoanormallifesomeday我們總有天會回歸到普通的生活。故選D.本文主要講述了作者小時候相信自己是特別的,將來會因為天分而有名有錢,可是當作者長大后,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己只是普通人,且接受了自己的普通。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。8.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】D【小題3】A【小題4】B【解析】(1)C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段劃線詞后文upto1,400tonnesofwasteeveryday,about80percentofthecity'srubbish,supplyingthecapitalwith25percentofitshouseholdelectricityneeds.每天多達1400噸的垃圾,約占城市垃圾的80%,為首都提供了25%的家庭用電需求??芍猅heplantincinerates植物焚燒,A.produces生產(chǎn);B.gathers聚集;C.burns焚燒;D.absorbs吸收。故選C.(2)D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However,despitetheseimportantsteps,challengesremaininEthiopia.AlthoughthecountryhaspermittedtheBasel,StockholmandRotterdamconventions,lawsandpoliciesforenvironmentallysoundmanagementofhazardous(有害的)wastesarestillnoteffectiveinpreventinglitteringwasteillegally然而,盡管采取了這些重要步驟,埃塞俄比亞仍然面臨挑戰(zhàn)。盡管該國已批準巴塞爾公約、斯德哥爾摩公約和鹿特丹公約、法律和政策,對危險廢物實行無害環(huán)境管理垃圾仍然不能有效防止非法亂扔垃圾??芍饕獑栴}是法律不健全。故選D.(3)A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段ManypeopleinEthiopiaarenotawareofthepossibleeffectofenvironmentaldamageandtheneedtoreportsuchcrimestothepolice.Toresolvethispressingissue,Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment埃塞俄比亞的許多人不知道環(huán)境破壞可能造成的影響,也不知道有必要向警方報告這類罪行。為解決這一緊迫問題,埃塞俄比亞將開展一系列能力建設(shè)活動,包括制定提高認識方案、培訓教員和提供設(shè)備??芍H肀葋喭ㄟ^提高環(huán)保意識,幫助當?shù)厝吮Wo環(huán)境。故選A.(4)B.推理判斷題。通讀這篇文章,本文主要介紹了埃塞俄比亞正在努力采取各種措施進行廢物管理。結(jié)合文章最后一段Ethiopiawillalsoworktoestablishanationalmechanismforchemicalsandwastemanagementbyengaginggovernmentdepartmentsandcivilsocietygroups.Authoritieswill...aftertheproject'scompletion.埃塞俄比亞還將通過政府部門和民間社會團體的參與,努力建立化學品和廢物管理的國家機制。當局還將提供預(yù)算經(jīng)費在國家、區(qū)域和機構(gòu)規(guī)劃中,確保這些活動的資金即使在項目完成后也是可持續(xù)的。故選B.本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了埃塞俄比亞正在努力采取各種措施進行廢物管理。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù)。12.【答案】【小題1】D【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】C【解析】(1)D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段That'snotreallyhowitgoesinspacewhenpeopleareweightlessandthezerogravityenvironmentcausesmoreliquidtoshifttothe卜024當人們處于失重狀態(tài),零重力環(huán)境會導(dǎo)致更多的液體轉(zhuǎn)移到頭部時,在太空中的情況并不是這樣的??芍阒亓Νh(huán)境給宇航員帶來了身體上的問題。故選D.(2)B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Andnowscientistssaytheyhavediscoveredsomenewriskswithlong-termspaceflight.現(xiàn)在科學家們說,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了長期太空飛行的一些新風險。第三段和第四段是一個問題,第五段開頭Anotherissue是另一個問題,可知共兩個問題。故選B.A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Thatispotentiallyharmfulastheclotscanblocktheflowofbloodtothelungs這可能是有害的,因為血栓會阻礙血液流向肺部??芍龎K威脅著人們的健康。故選A.C.標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意,全文主要介紹了長途太空旅行有了新的風險,會帶來的危險。C.Newrisksarefoundinlong-termspaceflight在長期太空飛行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的風險,符合題意,故選C.本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了長途太空旅行有了新的風險,會帶來的危險。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16.【答案】【小題1】G【小題2】E【小題3】D【小題4】F【小題5】C【解析】(1)G.推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段第一行"Sharepositivethings(分享積極的事)"和空格前一句"Don'tcomplain,orendlesslydescribeyourhealthproblems,relationshipdramas,kidproblems,etc.(不要抱怨或沒完沒了地描述你的健康問題、感情鬧劇、孩子問題等等。)"可知在個人資料中過度抱怨的人會留下不好的印象,此處講的是這么做導(dǎo)致的不好的結(jié)果;選項G意為"Peoplewhodothishavewarningsignsontheirprofiles這樣做的人在他們的資料上有警告標志?!狈险Z境。故答案為G.(2)E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段第一行"Itisn'thelpfultocriticizeyourself.Itmakespeopleuncomfortableandit'sannoyingtofeelthatyouhavetobuildupanotherperson'svalueconstantly.(批評自己是沒有用的。它讓人不舒服,讓人覺得你必須不斷建立別人的價值觀,這很煩人。)"可知本段是在講自我批評,所以選項E"Self-criticismisreallyaformofcontroloverothers.自我批評實際是一種控制別人的形式?!狈险Z境。故答案為E.(3)D.標題歸納題。根據(jù)空格后"Therearegroupswhobelievethattheirjobsaretoconverttheworldtotheirwaysofthinking.Althoughitmayseemurgent,thepersonalprofileisnotthevenuetoboast.(有些人認為他們的工作就是把世界轉(zhuǎn)變成他們的思維方式。盡管這看起來是緊要的,但個人簡介并不是夸夸其談的場所。)"可知選項D"Don'tuseyourprofileasaplacetoshowoff.不要把你的檔案當作一個炫耀的地方?!弊鳛榭偲鹁洌险Z境。故答案為D.(4)F.推理判斷題。根據(jù)空格前"Don'tadvertiseorsell.(不要做廣告或銷售。)"接下來講的是應(yīng)該怎么做;可知選項F"Ifyouneedcustomers,useaknownbusinessnetwork.如果你需要客戶,用一個知名的商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。”符合語境。故答案為F.(5)C.標題歸納題。根據(jù)空格后"Thisisyourownlittlemessagetotheworld.Ifyouuseotherpeople'stipstomakeaprofile,everyonecan.enjoythebenefits.(這是你自己給世界的小小的信息。如果你用別人的建議來創(chuàng)建個人資料,每個人都可以享受益處。)"講的是尋求建議的好處,所以在寫檔案前最好先問問別人的建議,所以選項C"It'simportanttoseekhelpbefore0出位且在寫之前尋求幫助是重要的”符合語境。故答案為C.本文主要講述一些關(guān)于寫個人資料的基本步驟。技巧①通讀全文,了解文章大意;②細讀七個選項,找出和文章相對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞,分析選項間的邏輯關(guān)系;③根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容,結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞,選出最佳選項;④將所選答案代入文中,再次通讀全文,重點查看邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理。21.【答案】【小題1】B【小題2】C【小題3】D【小題4】A【小題5】C【小題6】B【小題7】D【小題8】D【小題9】A【小題10】C【小題11】B【小題12】A【小題13】C【小題14】B【小題15】A【小題16】D【小題17】C【小題18】B【小題19】D【小題20】A【解析】(1)B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.regularly有規(guī)律地;B.attentively專心地;confidently自信地;D.obviously明顯地。一次,一個有錢人開著他那輛昂貴的汽車全速前進。他專心聽音樂,沒有注意交通標志。突然,一場嚴重的車禍發(fā)生在他身上。他渾身是血,不省人事。在路人的幫助下,他住進了鎮(zhèn)上最好的醫(yī)院。根據(jù)上文hedidn'tpayattentiontothetrafficsign可知是專注地。故選B.(2)C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.delighted高興的;B.unconcerned漠不關(guān)心的;C.unconscious無意識的;D.thrilled激動的。一次,一個有錢人開著他那輛昂貴的汽車全速前進。他專心聽音樂,沒有注意交通標志。突然,一場嚴重的車禍發(fā)生在他身上。他渾身是血,不省人事。在路人的幫助下,他住進了鎮(zhèn)上最好的醫(yī)院。根據(jù)下文Whenheopenedhiseyes,hecouldn'tmovehisbodyevenaninch可知是失去意識。故選C.D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.restaurant餐廳;B.company公司;C.organization組織;D.hospital醫(yī)院。一次,一個有錢人開著他那輛昂貴的汽車全速前進。他專心聽音樂,沒有注意交通標志。突然,一場嚴重的車禍發(fā)生在他身上。他渾身是血,不省人事。在路人的幫助下,他住進了鎮(zhèn)上最好的醫(yī)院。根據(jù)下文Thedoctorcametohisbedandasked可知是去了醫(yī)院。故選D.(4)A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.difficulty困難;B.satisfaction滿意;C.courage勇氣;D.relief欣慰,救濟。他艱難地搖了搖頭。醫(yī)生輕輕地安慰他說,他肯定會康復(fù)的,但由于他的傷勢和其他幾種疾病,這需要時間。故選A.(5)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.succeed成功;B.survive幸存;C.recover恢復(fù);D.harvest收獲。他艱難地搖了搖頭。醫(yī)生輕輕地安慰他說,他肯定會康復(fù)的,但由于他的傷勢和其他幾種疾病,這需要時間。故選C.(6)B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.attitudes態(tài)度;B.injuries損傷;C.models模型;D.disabilities殘疾。他艱難地搖了搖頭。醫(yī)生輕輕地安慰他說,他肯定會康復(fù)的,但由于他的傷勢和其他幾種疾病,這需要時間。根據(jù)上文withbloodallover.可知是損傷。故選B.(7)D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.prepare準備;B.happen發(fā)生;C.continue持續(xù);D.manage管理。幾天后,他終于能開口說話了。當醫(yī)生再次探望他時,他變得很不耐煩,說:"醫(yī)生,請你做點什么,這樣我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的錢。"managetodosth成功做某事。故選D.(8)D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.powerful強大的;B.discouraged氣餒的;C.embarrassed尷尬的;D.impatient沒有耐心的。幾天后,他終于能開口說話了。當醫(yī)生再次探望他時,他變得很不耐煩,說:"醫(yī)生,請你做點什么,這樣我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的錢。"根據(jù)下文Iwould(10)asmuchmoneyasyouwant.可知是變得不耐煩。故選D.(9)A.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.releasedfrom釋放,排放;B.accustomedto習慣于;C.satisfiedwith對…滿意的;D.addictedto沉迷于。幾天后,他終于能開口說話了。當醫(yī)生再次探望他時,他變得很不耐煩,說:"醫(yī)生,請你做點什么,這樣我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的錢?!惫蔬xA.(10)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.borrow借;B.collect收集;C.spend花費;D.earn賺。幾天后,他終于能開口說話了。當醫(yī)生再次探望他時,他變得很不耐煩,說:"醫(yī)生,請你做點什么,這樣我就可以出院了。我愿意花你想要的錢。”故選C.(11)B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.eventually最后;B.unfortunately不幸地;C.undoubtedly毋庸置疑地;D.unnecessarily不必要地。"先生,我已經(jīng)盡力了,但不幸的是恢復(fù)過程很慢,"醫(yī)生繼續(xù)說。故選B.(12)A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.slow緩慢的;B.practical實際的;C.different不同的;D.normal正常的。"先生,我已經(jīng)盡力了,但不幸的是恢復(fù)過程很慢,"醫(yī)生繼續(xù)說。根據(jù)上文butitwouldtaketime可知是緩慢的。故選A.(13)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.explain解釋;B.consider考慮;C.observe遵守,觀察;D.repeat重復(fù)。開車時,你應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。你很富有并不意味著你可以隨心所欲地花錢。你不健康的飲食習慣給你帶來了一些疾病,給你帶來了麻煩。故選C.(14)B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.demand需要;B.mean意思是;C.guarantee保證;prove證明。開車時,你應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。你很富有并不意味著你可以隨心所欲地花錢。你不健康的飲食習慣給你帶來了一些疾病,給你帶來了麻煩。故選B.(15)A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.diseases疾??;B.surprises驚訝,驚喜;C.disadvantages缺點;D.fears恐懼。開車時,你應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。你很富有并不意味著你可以隨心所欲地花錢。你不健康的飲食習慣給你帶來了一些疾病,給你帶來了麻煩。根據(jù)上文severalotherdiseases.可知是疾病。故選A.(16)D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.compared對比;B.shared分享;C.discussed討論;D.recalled回憶。當這個人回憶起他過去的行為時,他為自己的行為感到后悔。他意識到金錢只能提供一些暫時的樂趣。財富先于健康!他為自己的驕傲感到羞愧!"謝謝你的指導(dǎo),醫(yī)生!請原諒我的無知!"根據(jù)下文heregrettedforhisownacts.可知是回憶。故選D.(17)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.wondered想知道;B.expected預(yù)期;C.realized實現(xiàn);D.pretended假裝。當這個人回憶起他過去的行為時,他為自己的行為感到后悔。他意識到金錢只能提供一些暫時的樂趣。財富先于健康!他為自己的驕傲感到羞愧!"謝謝你的指導(dǎo),醫(yī)生!請原諒我的無知!”故選C.(18)B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.curiosity好奇心;B.pleasure快樂;C.freedom自由;D.stress壓力,強調(diào)。當這個人回憶起他過去的行為時,他為自己的行為感到后悔。他意識到金錢只能提供一些暫時的樂趣。財富先于健康!他為自己的驕傲感到羞愧!"謝謝你的指導(dǎo),醫(yī)生!請原諒我的無知!”故選B.(19)D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.appearance外觀;B.dishonesty不誠實;C.anxiety焦慮;D.pride驕傲。當這個人回憶起他過去的行為時,他為自己的行為感到后悔。他意識到金錢只能提供一些暫時的樂趣。財富先于健康!他為自己的驕傲感到羞愧!"謝謝你的指導(dǎo),醫(yī)生!請原諒我的無知!”故選D.(20)A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.forgive原諒;B.reconsider重新考慮;C.criticize批評;D.punish懲罰。當這個人回憶起他過去的行為時,他為自己的行為感到后悔。他意識到金錢只能提供一些暫時的樂趣。財富先于健康!他為自己的驕傲感到羞愧!"謝謝你的指導(dǎo),醫(yī)生!請原諒我的無知!"根據(jù)上文Thankyouforyourguidance可知是原諒。故選A.文章講述了一名傲慢的有錢人在醫(yī)生的指導(dǎo)下,豁然開朗,意識到自己的問題。近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化,試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬,綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格,所以,必須先通讀一至兩遍,才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容。千萬不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。選擇答案時,要考慮整個句子的內(nèi)容,包括搭配、時態(tài)、語法等。答案全填完后,再通讀一遍文章,檢查是否通順流暢,用詞得當,意思正確。41.【答案】【小題1】major【小題2】in【小題3】compared【小題4】exactly【小題5】but【小題6】a【小題7】covered【小題8】is【小題9】Mapping【小題10】additional【解析】(1)major.考查形容詞。句意:一種生活在洞穴里的蜘蛛的現(xiàn)代住所,是在距今約22000年前的最后一個大冰河期的頂部,早已消失的冰川南部邊緣。作定語修飾名詞,所以用形容詞,故填major.(2)in.考查介詞。句意:有些物種生活在比利牛斯山、阿爾卑斯山和巴爾干半島的寒冷潮濕的洞穴中,形成了一條橫跨歐洲的狹窄地帶。livein意為"住在(某地)",固定搭配。故填in.(3)compared.考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:他們將這一范圍與地質(zhì)學家在上一個冰河時期的冰川覆蓋模型進行了比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)這條帶幾乎與冰川最南端的邊緣完全吻合,只是略有變化。此處與動詞found并列作謂語,根據(jù)上文中的did可知,本段描述的是過去的行為,應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填compared.(4)exactly.考查副詞。句意:他們將這一范圍與地質(zhì)學家在上一個冰河時期的冰川覆蓋模型進行了比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)這條帶幾乎與冰川最南端

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