2020年高考英語閱讀押題預測

年高考英語閱讀押題預測（絕對精品文檔，價值很高，值得下載打印練習）AAnewstudylinksheavyairpollutionfromcoalburningtoshorterlivesinnorthernChina.Researchersestimatethatthehalf-billionpeoplealivethereinthe1990swillliveanaverageof5yearslessthantheirsoutherncounterpartsbecausetheybreatheddirtierair.Chinaitselfmadethecomparisonpossible:fordecades,anow-discontinuedgovernmentpolicyprovidedfreecoalforheating,butonlyinthecoldernorth.Researchersfoundsignificantdifferencesinbothparticulatepollutionoftheairandlifeexpectancyinthetworegions.Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatpollutionaffectshumanhealth,“thedeeperandultimatelymoreimportantquestionistheimpactonlifeexpectancy,”saidoneoftheresearchers,MichaelGreenstone,aprofessorofenvironmentaleconomicsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.“Thisstudyprovidesauniquesetting（背景）toanswerthelifeexpectancyquestionbecausethe（heating）policydramaticallychangespollutionconcentrations（濃度）”，Greenstonesaidinanemail.“Further,duetothelowratesofmigrationinChinainthisperiod,wecanknowpeople'sexposureoverlongtimeperiods,”hesaid.ThepolicygavefreecoalforfuelboilerstoheathomesandofficestocitiesnorthoftheHuaiRiver,whichdividesChinaintonorthandsouth.Itwasineffectformuchofthe1950—1980periodofcentralplanning,and,thoughdiscontinuedafter1980,ithasleftalegacy（遺留問題）inthenorthofheavycoalburning,whichreleasesparticulatepollutantsintotheairthatcanharmhumanhealth.ResearchersfoundnoothergovernmentpoliciesthattreatedChina'snorthdifferentlyfromthesouth.Theresearcherscollecteddatafor90cities,from1981to2000,ontheannualdailyaverageconcentrationoftotalsuspended（懸浮的）particulates.InChina,thoseareconsideredtobeparticulatesthatare100micrometersorlessindiameter,sentoutfromsourcesincludingpowerstations,constructionsitesandvehicles.Amongthem,PM2.5isofespeciallygreathealthconcernbecauseitcangodeepintothelungs.Theresearchersestimatedtheimpactonlifeexpectanciesusingdeathdatafrom1991—2000.Theyfoundthatinthenorth,theconcentrationofparticulateswas184microgramspercubicmeter一or55percenthigherthaninthesouth,andlifeexpectancieswere5.5yearsloweronaverageacrossallageranges.1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.thegovernmentprovidedfreecoalforheatinginNorthChinacoalburningcausesbadairqualityacrossChinaresearchinChinafindsairpollutionshortenedlifeexpectancyanewstudyfindsdifferentparticulatesinSouthChina2.AccordingtoGreenstone,greatlycontributedtothehighpollutionconcentrationsinNorthChina.powerstationsB.constructionsitesC.thefreeheatingpolicyD.gasesfromvehicles3.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.coalisnolongerusedforheatinginNorthChinaairqualitywascomparativelybetterinSouthChinasouthernersburnedcoalsforheatinginthe1980speoplepreferredtoliveinSouthChinaafter19804.Theunderlinedword“particulates”mostprobablymeans.dirtycloudsB.particularsmokeC.dangerousbacteriaD.harmfuldustBThere'snothinglikeagoodnight'ssleep—butwhatdoesthatreallymean?Itturnsoutthattheanswerdependsnotonlyonyourage,butalsoonyourlifestyle.Somepeopleareproductiveandhappywithfewerhoursofsleep,whileothersneedmore.Still,expertscandetermineguidelinesthatworkformostpeople.TheNationalSleepFoundationresearchedthetopicandgavenewrecommendationsthisweek.Thefoundationacknowledgesthatsleepneedswillvary—lifestyleandstressshouldbetakenintoconsideration—buttheirrecommendationsofferageneralguideline.Forexample,teenagers(14—17yearsold)need8—10hours'sleepeveryday.Tocreatetherecommendations,somesleepandmedicalexpertsreviewed312articlesfromjournalspublishedduringthelastdecade.Thisisthefirsttimethatanyprofessionalorganizationhasdevelopedage-specificrecommendedsleepdurationsbasedonasystematicreviewoftheworldscientificliterature.Alackofsleepcanbelinkedtoweightgain,becausethatcausesanincreaseinappetite,accordingtothefoundation.Itcanalsohaveseriousconsequencesonthebrain.Peoplewhodonotgetenoughsleepareatincreasedriskfordepression,andcanendangerothers.Thosethatbecomesleepywhiledriving,forexample,riskboththeirlivesandthelivesofthosearoundthem.Researchersalsohavefoundinthepastthattoomuchsleepcanhavenegativeeffects.Lowsocioeconomicstatusanddepressionreportedlyaresignificantlyassociatedwithlongersleep.However,expertsnowadaysfindthatresearchonoversleepingisstillunconvincingandneedsmoreattention.Currently,thereisnostrongevidencethatsleepingtoomuchhashealthconsequences.Thereis,however,laboratoryevidencethatshortsleepdurationsoffourtofivehourshavenegativeconsequences.Weneedsimilarlaboratorystudiestodeterminewhetherlongsleepdurationsresultinphysiologicalchangesthatcouldleadtodiseasebeforewemakeanyrecommendationsagainstsleepextension.WhichisTRUEaboutsleepingtime?A.Experts'guidelineforsleepingtimeappliestoallthepeople.Thetimeyouneedforsleepisrelatedtoyourstateofmind.Thelessyousleep,themoreproductiveyouare.Themoreyousleep,themoreenergeticyouare.HowdidtheNationalSleepingFoundationdotheresearch?Byinterviewingdifferentpeople.Byconsultingotherexperts.Byreadinglotsofarticles.Bydoingsystematicexperiments.Theresearchshowsthatpeoplewithoutenoughsleepwill.losesomeweightB.drivefasterthanusualC.dreamduringtheirsleepD.eatmorefoodFromParagraph4,wecanlearnthat.moreresearchonoversleepingisneededresearchersnowagreewiththoseinthepasttoomuchsleepmayresultinsocialchangesresearchonoversleepingisquiteconvincingCTheterm“resume”meansadocumentdescribingone'seducationalqualitificationsandprofessionalexperience.Howeverguidelinesforpreparingaglobalresumeareconstantlychanging.Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecompanyculture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision.Thefollowinglistisagoodplacetostart.*Inmanycountries,itisstandardproceduretoattachaphotoorhaveyourphotoprintedonyourresume.DonotattachaphotographtoyourresumeifyouaresendingittotheUnitedStates,though.*Educationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Inmostcaseof“cross-border”jobhunting,juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeenough.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.Payattentiontotheresumeformat（格式）youuse--chronological（時間的）orrevers-chronologicalorder.Ifyoufindnospecificguidelines,thegeneralpreferenceisfortherevers-chronologicalformat,whichmeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.ThelevelofcomputertechnologyandaccessibilitytotheInternetvariesfromcountrytocountry.Evenifacompanyorindividuallistsane-mailaddress,thereisnoguaranteethattheywillactuallyreceiveyouremail.Sendapapercopyofyourresume,aswellastheemailedcopy,justtomakesurethatitisreceived.IfyouarewritingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutifthereceiverusesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.AlthoughEnglishiswidelyacceptedtodayasbeingtheuniversallanguageofbusiness,mostmultinationalcompanieswillexpectyoutospeakthelanguageofoneofthecountriesinwhichtheydobusiness,inadditiontoEnglish.Haveyourresumepreparedinbothlanguages,andbereadyforyourinterviewtobeconductedinbothlanguages.Mostcompanieswillwanttoseeandhearproofofyourlanguageskills.*Beawarethatpapersizesaredifferentcountries.TheUnitedStatesstandardis81/2by11inches,whiletheEuropeanA4standardis21by29.7centimeters.Whenyousendyourresumebyemail,reformatittothereceiver'sstandard.Otherwise,whenitisprintedout,halfofyourmaterialmaybemissing.Fromthepassage,welearnthat.A.Wecan'tlisttheoldestexperiencefirstinaresumeAsiancountriesmayhavethesamestandardpapersizeC.Aresumecanhelpusknowaboutaperson'spersonalityD.Aperson'seducationalbackgroundshouldbeincludedinaresumeThepassageismostprobablyintendedfor.A.JobhuntersthatseekcareersabroadCompaniesthatdointernationalbusinessPeoplethatareemployedbycompaniesoverseasD.GraduatesthatcanspeakoveroneforeignlanguageThepassagemainlywantstotellusthataglobalresumeshould.A.BehighlyprofessionalB.BeespeciallyinformativeBeculturallyappropriateD.BelogicallychronologicalDHalfoftheworld'spopulationlivesinareasaffectedbyAsianmonsoon（s季風）,butmonsoonsaredifficulttopredict.Americanresearchershaveputtogethera700-yearrecordoftherainyseasons,whichisexpectedtoprovideguidanceforexpertsmakingweatherpredictions.Everysummer,moist（潮濕的）airmasses,knownasmonsoon,producelargequantitiesofrainfallinIndia,EastAsia,Indonesia,NorthernAustraliaandEastAfrica,whicharepulledinbyahighpressureareaovertheIndianOceanandalowpressureareatothesouth.AccordingtoEdwardCook,aweatherexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,thecomplexnatureoftheclimatesystemsacrossAsiamakesmonsoonshardtopredict.Inaddition,climaterecordsfortheareadateto1950,toorecentandnotdetailedenoughtobeofmuchuse.Therefore,heandateamofresearchersspentmorethanfifteenyearstravellingacrossAsialocatingtreesoldenoughtoprovidelong-termrecords.Theymeasuredtherings（年輪）orcircles,insidethetrunksofthousandsofancienttreesatmorethan300sites.Rainfallhasadirectlinktothegrowthandwidthofringsonsomekindsoftrees.Theresearchersdevelopedadocument一aMonsoonAsiaDroughtAtlas（地圖集）.Itshowstheeffectofmonsoonsoversevencenturies,beginninginthe1300s.ProfessorCooksaysthetree-ringrecordsshowperiodsofwetanddryconditions.“Ifthemonsoonbasicallyfailsorisveryweakoneyear,thetreesaffectedbythemonsoonatthatlocationmightputonaverynarrowring.Butifthemonsoonisverystrong,thetreesaffectedbythatmonsoonmightputonawideringforthatyear.So,thewideandnarrowringwidthsofthetreechronology（年表）thatwedevelopedinAsiaprovideuswithameasureofmonsoonvariability.”Armedwithsuchasweepingsetofdata,researcherssaytheynowcanbegintorefineclimatecomputermodelsforpredictingthebehaviorofmonsoons.“Therehasbeenwidespreadfamineandstarvationandhumandyinginthepastinlargedroughts.Andontheotherhand,ifthemonsoonisparticularlyheavy,itcancauseextensiveflooding,”saidEugeneWahl,ascientistwhoiswithAmerica'sNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdm