最新現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別教學講義ppt

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別I

want

toreadabookwrittenbythewoman

living

there.toreadwrittenliving非謂語

現(xiàn)在分詞&過去分詞用法異同

不同點：分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、修飾noise的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響?！笨芍揄憫?yīng)是主動，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng)選B。TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobeplaying簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對于動詞play來說只能是被動承受，且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此，該題應(yīng)選C。Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting

簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句whowereinvitedThefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

簡析：該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句whichwerewritten二、分詞作表語共同點：分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。不同點：分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。（“令人…”“感到…”）

Thisnewssounds____.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage

簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語，因為sounds在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù)Thenews對于動詞encourage來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即這個消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。

-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?-Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitedlyD.exciting

簡析：該題應(yīng)選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。

-HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?-Well,hisfatherseems____withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease

簡析：首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因為seems在此句中用作連系動詞;再根據(jù)hisfather對于動詞please來說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系,即這個結(jié)果使他的父親高興;換言之,他的父親因為受到這個結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。三、分詞作賓語補足語

共同點：分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語補足語，對句子的賓語起補充或說明作用。

不同點：分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying

簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補,補充說明賓語theman;再根據(jù)賓語theman對于動詞lie來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系,而且,lie這個動作與謂語動詞found同時進行。因此,該題應(yīng)選A。-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-I’dliketohavethepackage____,madam.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed

簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補,補充說明賓語thepackage;再根據(jù)thepackage對于動詞weigh來說,只能是被動關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.sailing C.tosailD.tohavesailed簡析:該題應(yīng)選B。測試動詞imagine后要求跟動名詞,Peter是動名詞的邏輯主語。Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove

簡析:該題應(yīng)選B。測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示賓語正發(fā)出的動作。四、分詞作狀語

共同點：分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。

不同點：分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.made D.tomake

簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應(yīng)作狀語；再根據(jù)Europeanfootball對于make來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項最受世人歡迎的運動。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived

簡析：該題應(yīng)選C。測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加not。若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。3.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded B.toaddC.addingD.added簡析：該題應(yīng)選C。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補充說明的狀語。4.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing

簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞angrily進行干擾。若B答案為andpointedangrily時也對。另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時，需要獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語。)例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

簡析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是hishands，而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而hishands對于動詞tie來說，只能是被動承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。時態(tài)：__________強調(diào)動作正在進行，__________強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞側(cè)重于_______，

過去分詞側(cè)重于_______。

現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞主動被動根本區(qū)別第四步：分析時態(tài)

第一步：辨別“謂與非謂”

第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語

第三步：判斷語態(tài)

非謂語的“有法可依”1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_____anychanceleft.A.therebeingnot B.therenotbeing C.nottherebeing D.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_____atelegram?A.trytohavesent B.tryingtosend C.totrytosend D.trysending5.Thereisnochance_____himtoday.A.inseeing B.toseeing C.ofseeing D.aboutseeing6.Iknowyoulike_____.Wouldyoulike_____withmenow?A.toswim,toswim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswim D.toswim,swimming7.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingused B.usingit C.beingusedto D.using8.Togiveup_____means_____.A.smoking,stoppingsmoking B.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmoke D.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.A.toread B.reading C.toberead D.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“________mynewbike.”A.Lost B.Becauseoflosing C.SinceIlost D.Losing11.Istillremember_____toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignerusedto_____ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_____ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.Heremained____there,forhegrew____inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.tostay,interest D.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_____.A.beingunderstood B.tobeunderstood C.understand D.understood15._____moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_____oursurroundings.A.Toplant,pollute B.Planting,topollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting16.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocall B.youcall C.yourcalling D.you’recalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totake B.take C.taking D.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_____.”A.turningitoff B.turnitoff C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.”“That’sallright.”A.lettingyounotknow B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot D.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened______whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberaining B.tohaverainedC.torain D.raining

21.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas____,soweallfelt____.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired23.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;following B.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following24.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen25.MrsWhitewasgladtoseethenurse____afterhersonandherdaughterandwasalsopleasedtoseechildrenwell____careofinthenursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;takenC.looked;took D.looking;taking26.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet____onthegroundonthewayhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset____whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing27.____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand____themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving28.____hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting____then.A.Holding;beingheld B.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;held D.Held;tobeheld29.____，hestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.Toldmanytimes B.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes30.Onhearingthe____news,Iwastoo____tosleep.A.exciting;excited B.excited;excitingC.exciting;exciting D.excited;excitedDon’tspeakuntil_______to.(speak)2.______moretime,wecoulddotheworkmuchbetter.(give)3._________bytheearthquake,thehousehadtoberebuilt.(destroy)Becausethehousehadbeendestroyedbytheearthquake,ithadtoberebuilt.Don’tspeakuntilyou’respokento.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddotheworkmuchbetter.spokenGivenDestroyed________________,theearthisawater--coveredglobe.(從太空望去)_________,itcanneverbeforgotten.(只要看一次)Thevisitorscamein,___________________________.(后面跟著一群年輕人)SeenfromspaceOnceseenagroupofyoungpeoplefollowedby第三節(jié)臟腑病辨證

臟腑辨證概說1、概念：即以臟腑為綱，對病癥進行證候分類的辨證方法。也是根據(jù)藏象學說的理論對疾病進行病理判別的方法。（二）證候舉要1．心血虛證

（心悸+一般血虛表現(xiàn)）（１）概念---即因心血虧少，心臟失養(yǎng)所致的病證。

（２）臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)驚悸，怔忡，失眠多夢，頭暈，健忘，面色無華，唇色淡白，舌淡白，脈細無力(弱)。２．心陰虛證

⑴概念---即因心陰虧少，虛熱內(nèi)生所致的病證⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)驚悸，怔忡，失眠多夢五心煩熱，口舌干燥，舌紅尖瘦，脈細而數(shù)(或兼午后潮熱，盜汗，兩顴潮紅)３．心氣虛證

⑴概念---即因心氣不足，鼓動無力所致的病癥

⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)心悸，氣短，動則益甚，精神不振，易自汗出,面色淡白，舌質(zhì)淡嫩，脈沉無力(弱)甚至間歇４．心陽虛證

⑴概念---即由于心陽虛衰，不能溫行氣血所致病癥

⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)心氣虛諸癥+胸悶，心痛，背畏寒，面色晄白,舌淡兼胖，苔白滑，脈微細。

10．小腸實熱證⑴概念---即心移熱于小腸所表現(xiàn)的證候⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)心煩口渴，口舌生瘡，舌尖紅，口渴便秘，苔黃，脈數(shù)小便赤澀，尿道灼痛，尿血3.肝氣郁結(jié)證

⑴概念--即肝失疏泄,氣機郁滯所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)胸腹脹滿竄痛,連及兩脅,情志抑郁,而喜嘆息或咽梗如有異物,或乳脹經(jīng)行不暢,或二便不爽，脈弦⑶病種舉例——郁證，痛證，月經(jīng)不調(diào)

4.肝火上炎證⑴概念---即由于肝經(jīng)火熱內(nèi)熾上炎所的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)眩暈耳鳴，甚則耳鳴如雷；頭目脹痛，甚則頭痛如劈；或目赤腫痛;面紅目赤，急躁易怒多伴便秘尿黃舌赤苔黃，脈弦數(shù)有力

。（二）證候舉要

1.脾胃氣虛證

⑴概念：即由于脾胃氣不足，運化失職(無力)所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)腹脹納少,胃痛喜按，大便溏薄，肢體倦怠，或面色萎黃，肌肉消瘦，舌淡苔白，脈緩弱。3.脾不統(tǒng)血證

⑴概念---即由于脾營氣虧虛，不能統(tǒng)攝血液所致的病證⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)在脾氣虛證的基礎(chǔ)上，兼現(xiàn)慢性出血現(xiàn)象輕者易發(fā)肌衄，鼻衄，婦女月經(jīng)過多；重者間發(fā)便血、婦女崩漏血色暗淡，血質(zhì)稀薄久病則面色萎黃或淡白無華舌淡薄，脈細弱。

⑴概念---即由于胃中火熱亢盛，消灼中焦所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)胃脘灼熱,甚者灼痛,渴喜飲冷,消谷善饑，或見口臭，或牙齦腫痛，或便結(jié)尿赤，舌紅苔黃，脈滑數(shù)。

8.胃熱證（二）證候舉要

1．肺氣虛證⑴概念---即由于肺氣衰弱，宣降無力所致的病證

。⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)咳喘無力，少氣短息，動則益甚，咯痰清??；多伴自汗惡風，易于感冒，舌淡苔白，脈弱。

３．風寒束肺證

⑴概念---即由于風寒之邪外束肺系之表所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)咳嗽，鼻塞，痰涕清白，微惡寒，發(fā)熱，無汗多伴喉癢，或伴身痛，舌苔薄白，脈浮緊。⑶病種舉例——風寒感冒，外感咳嗽

9.大腸濕熱證⑴概念---即由于濕熱阻滯大腸，傳導(dǎo)失職所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)腹痛泄瀉，里急后重，大便深黃、糜爛、穢臭，或夾赤白粘凍膿血，或伴灼肛，口渴，身熱，尿赤，舌紅苔黃膩，脈數(shù)而滑。⑶病種舉例——痢疾、暑瀉4.腎陽虛證⑴概念---即由于真陽虛衰，虛寒內(nèi)生所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)腰膝酸軟,畏寒足冷,神疲