定語從句講義與練習-高中英語初高中銜接

定語從句ATTRIBUTIVECLAUSE在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種，定語從句一般放在單選，語法填空，完形填空和短文改錯中?？荚嚨闹攸c：1，關系代詞的選擇；2，非限定性定語從句；3，介詞加關系代詞等考試時常常是幾個知識點放在一起考查，是中考高考命題的熱點之一。定語從句知識點：定語從句的引導詞：關系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關系副詞：where,when,why特殊：but引導的定語從句。什么情況下只能用that序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞，只能用that；Thisisthefirstcitythatwevisited.HeisthesecondpersonthatIknewthere.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾，只能用that；Itisthemostbeautifulbuildingthatwehaveeverseen.先行詞被all,some,any,theonly,thevery,little,no,every,much等不定代詞修飾，只能用that；Thisistheverybook(that)Iamlookingfor.I’vereadallthatbooks(that)youlentme.先行詞中既有人，又有物，關系代詞用that；Thesearethepersonsandthingsthatweoftentalkabout.Thewriterandthenovelsthatweareinterestedinareinthelibrary.先行詞本身是不定代詞，all,everything,nothing,something,anything,everybody關系代詞用that，不用which；說明：1，something例外，也可以用which；2，若anyone,anybody,nobody作為先行詞，優(yōu)先使用who，沒有who，再選that；Anybodywhorefusedtogocanstayhere.Somethingthat(which)weheardaboutisfunny.先行詞是who，或who提出的疑問句，關系代詞用that；Whothatistalkingistheman?Whoisthatmanthatistalking?關系代詞在定語從句中做表語，引導定語從句，關系代詞用that。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.Ourcountryisnolongertheonethatitwas20yearsago.七種特殊情況（適合高二以上）在therebe結構中，人做先行詞常用who引導定語從句；Therewasastudentwhowantstoseeyou.Thesame…as…;thesame…that…說明：as,that都是關系代詞，在第一個句型thesameas中，兩個東西是相似而不是同一個；在thesame…that…句型中，主句中提到的事與從句中提到的事物是同一個。Iwanttousethesamepenthatyouoftenuse.Iwanttousethesamepenasyouareusing.Such…that…;such…as…說明：such…that…該舉行中的that是連詞，引導的從句叫結果狀語從句，從句中不缺句子成分（主謂賓，主系表）；such…as…句型中的as是關系代詞，在句子從當成分，若as擔主語，從句中就會缺少主語，若從當賓語，從句中就會缺少賓語。Itwassuchabigstonethatnobodycancarryit.Itwassuchabigstoneasnobodycancarry.缺少成分選as，不缺成分選that；是強調句型，還是定語從句的區(qū)別；ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadcomehere.是強調句型，有兩個特點：①句子開頭必須是it；②that不能省略；Itishightime(that)Iwenttobed.Itishightime(that)Ishouldgotobed.這個句型不是強調句型。特點：①開頭的it可用this，that替換；②句型中的that可以省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)youshouldgoabroad.強調句型：ItisonthetablethatIputmybook.定語從句：Itisthetableonwhich(where)Iputmybook.關系代詞前缺少先行詞，需要用theone來充當；Thefactoryistheonethatyouvisited.比較：Thisisthefactorythatyouvisited.先行詞是those，he引導定語從句要用who；Hewhohasnevertakentheundergroundwillgohomebybustoday.Thosewhowanttogowritedownyournamesplease.先行詞前有oneof，定語從句的謂語是復數(shù)；先行詞前有the(only)oneof，定語從句中的謂語用單數(shù)；Youareoneofthegirlswho/thathavereceivedhigheducation.Youaretheonlyoneofthegirlswho/thathasreceivedhigheducation.As/which引導非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別，as多表示說話人的主觀看法或態(tài)度，which多表示對主句的補充說明其狀態(tài)或引起的結果；Heisdiligent,whichmakesusproudofhim.Asweknow,heisdiligent.Heisoftenlate,aswethink.Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehermothersad.作業(yè)：選擇正確答案，并翻譯句子Ithink(that)that(that)thatstudentaskedwaswrong.Thehouse_______colorisredishers.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.thatAnyone_______agreesmaycomewithme.A.thatB.whoC.towhomD.withwhomAnyone_______familywaspoorcouldnotgotoschoolintheolddays.A.ofwhomtheB.whomC.ofwhoseD.thatHisfather,_______likespainting,isaworker.A.whoB.ofwhomC.thatD.whichThatisthetown_______heworked.A.whichB.thatC.inthatD.whereWho_______hascommonsensecan’tbelievesuchathing?A.elseB.whichC.butD.thatMarywasoftenlate,_______madetheothersangry.A.whoB.whichC.asD.whatMaryisoftenlateforwork,______isknowntous.Sundayistheday_______peoplehavearest.A.onwhichB.forwhichC.thatD.atwhichTherearemanyyoungmen_______wanttostudyEnglish.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whoseDoyoulikethemotorbicycle_______Iboughtyesterday?Whichiswrong?A.thatB.whichC.XD.whom翻譯：他有四只貓，其中一直名字叫花花。Hehasfourcats，andoneofthemiscalledHuahua.Hehasfourcats；oneofthemiscalledHuaHua.Hehasfourcats,oneofwhichiscalledHuaHua.（定語從句）Hehasfourcats,oneofthemcalledHuaHua.(獨立結構做狀語，起補充說明的作用)翻譯：四川生產(chǎn)橘子大部分都賣給外地了。Sichuanproducesorangesandmostofthemaresoldtootherplaces.Sichuanproducesoranges;mostofthemaresoldtootherplaces.Sichuanproducesoranges,mostofwhicharesoldinotherplaces.Sichuanproducesoranges,mostofthemsoldinotherplaces.But引導定語從句（高三適用）用but引導定語從句，常出現(xiàn)在詩歌和文學作品中，but本身含有一個否定意義，相當于whonot/thatnot，but前面的主句含有另外一個否定意義。Thereisnoonebutwishestogo.=Everyoneofuswishestogo.Therewasnotasinglepersontherebutthoughtyouwereright.沒有一個人不認為你是對的。高考原題：Inevernoticethatphotobutthinkofthosehappyolddayswhenwewereworkingtogether.定語從句活用七例初高中用（必背）Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Aplaneisamachine,whichcanfly.說明：關系代詞在限定性定語從句中做主語并指物時，可以是that或which，但是在非限定性定語從句中只能用which。Doyouknowthatmanwho/thatisreadingoverthere?Theman,whoiswillingtohelpyou,ismybrother.說明：關系代詞指人，并在限定性定語從句中作主語時，可以是who或that，但在非限定性定語從句中，只能用who。I’dliketoseethebikewhich/that/Xyouboughtlastweek.Thebook,whichTomhasjustborrowedfromalibrary,waspublishedin1998.說明：引導限定性定于從句的關系代詞指物做賓語時，可以是which/that/X，但在非限定性定語從句中，只能用which。Thisisthepersonwhom/who/that/Xyoushouldknow.IspoketoSmith,whomImetinthestreetjustnow.說明：引導限定性定語從句的關系代詞指人作賓語時，可以是who/whom/that/X，但是在非限定性定語從句中，只能用whom。Thehousetheroofofwhich/whoseroof/ofwhichtheroofwasdamagedintheearthquakehasbeenrepaired.Janeisthestudentwhosehandwriting/thehandwritingofwhom/ofwhomthehandwritingisthebestinherclass.說明：關系代詞在定語從句中指物做定語時，可以是whose+名詞/ofwhichthe+名詞/the+名詞+ofwhich。如果是人做先行詞，用whose+名詞/the+名詞ofwhom/ofwhomthe+名詞。Thisistheboywhom/who/that/Xyouspoketo.=Thisisthepersontowhomyouspoke.Thisisthepenthat/whichwewritewith.=Thisisthepenwith