光的干涉 課件-高二上學期物理人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊

1相關知識復習波的干涉兩列波（源）的頻率必須相同并且有固定的相位差。如果兩列波的頻率不同或者兩個波源沒有固定的相位差（相差），相互疊加時波上各個質(zhì)點的振幅是隨時間而變化的，沒有振動總是加強或減弱的區(qū)域，因而不能產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的干涉現(xiàn)象，不能形成干涉圖樣復習2

生活中的現(xiàn)象e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3第三節(jié)光的干涉第四章光e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3光到底是什么？e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3楊氏雙縫干涉實驗e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3平凡的現(xiàn)象偉大的問題科學的真諦動動手e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、組內(nèi)分工合作2、按照課本上實驗要點進行操作，思考以下問題：（1）、光的干涉產(chǎn)生的條件

（2）、光的干涉在屏上的現(xiàn)象3、注意安全楊氏雙縫干涉實驗e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3一、實驗示意圖二、實驗要點直接把激光打在光屏上，觀察現(xiàn)象。激光筆正對雙縫，觀察現(xiàn)象并描述。楊氏雙縫干涉實驗e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、裝置特點雙縫很近0.1mm2、（1）要用單色光（2）單縫作用：獲取光源

雙縫作用：獲取相干光源3、現(xiàn)象：屏上獲得明暗相間的條紋、條紋等寬等間距相干光源楊氏雙縫干涉實驗e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC34、干涉圖樣的特點中央明紋：屏上到S1、S2距離相等的點出現(xiàn)的明條紋。屏上獲得明暗相間的條紋、條紋等寬等間距e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3中央明條紋

明條紋e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3

暗條紋光程差e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3(1)

空間的某點距離光源S1和S2的路程差為0、1

λ、2λ、3

λ、等波長的整數(shù)倍(半波長的偶數(shù)倍)時，該點為振動加強點。

亮紋光程差e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3(2)空間的某點距離光源S1和S2的路程差為λ

/2、3

λ/2、5λ/2、等半波長的奇數(shù)倍時，該點為振動減弱點。

暗紋想一想e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3如果將紅光換成藍光、紫光、白光會得到什么樣的干涉結(jié)果？條紋間距e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、什么是干涉條紋的間距(條紋寬度)?亮紋和亮紋之間的距離或暗紋和暗紋之間的距離叫做條紋間距。說明：我們所說的亮紋是指最亮的地方，暗紋是最暗的地方，從最亮到最暗有一個過渡，條紋間距實際上是最亮和最亮或最暗和最暗之間的距離。干涉條紋間距與那些因素有關e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC31、保持L、d不變，用不同的單色光進行實驗紅光的條紋間距最大，紫光的最小。2、L、λ不變，只改變雙縫距離d-小，條紋間距越大，

3、d、λ不變，只改變屏與縫之間的距離L越大，條紋間距越大

推導條紋間距公式e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67FF4449A1F384CC3

亮暗條紋間距公式：課堂小結(jié)e7d195523061f1c0d318120d6aeaf1b6ccceb6ba3da59c0775C5DE19DDDEBC09ED96DBD9900D9848D623ECAD1D4904B78047D0015C22C8BE97228BE8B5BFF08FE7A3AE04126DA07312A96C0F69F9BAB757E87A9D8EC4205E976D6A674854A00151504B53F283A4FA7C8FAD580FCCCFFCF130E9FF1A9152198EC3DD3A984A02B67