Bloomfield的語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論課件

Bloomfield’sTheoryBorninChicago,Illinoisin1887.AttendedHarvardCollegefrom1903to1906,graduatingwiththeA.B.degree.AttendedtheUniversityofChicagoin1908-1909,graduatingwiththeDoctor’sdegreeUndertookfurtherstudiesDrovetheAmericanlinguisticsstudyintoaBloomfieldTimesLanguage《語(yǔ)言論》Publishedin1933ThebasicprincipleofAmericanstructuralistlinguisticsacomprehensivedescriptionofAmericanstructuralistlinguistics.MainTheoriesBehaviorismSpeechCommunityPhoneticsandPhonologyGrammaticalDescriptionImmediateConstituentAnalysisSyntacticConstructionsForBloomfield,linguisticsisabranchofpsychology,andspecificallyofthepositivisticbrandofpsychologyknownasBEHAVIOURISM.Behaviorism,isaprincipleofscientificmethod,basedonthebeliefthathumanbeingscannotknowanythingtheyhavenotexperienced.Stimulus---Response---ReinforcementWhenthebehavioristmethodologyenteredlinguisticsviaBloomfield’swritings,thepopularpracticeinlinguisticstudieswastoacceptwhatanativespeakersaysinhislanguageandtodiscardwhathesaysaboutit.Bloomfield’sPrincipleWhenoneindividualisstimulated,hisspeechcanmakeotherindividualreactaccordingly.一個(gè)人受到某種刺激時(shí)，他可以用他的言語(yǔ)讓另一個(gè)人做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。Thedivisionoflaborandallhumanactivitiesbasedonthedivisionoflaboraredependentonlanguage.勞動(dòng)分工以及基于勞動(dòng)分工之上的一切人類活動(dòng)都依賴于語(yǔ)言。Thedistancebetweenthespeakerandhearer,twoseparatenervoussystems,isbridgedupbysoundwaves.說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人——兩個(gè)不同的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)——之間的距離由聲波連接在一起。SpeechCommunityLiteraryStandard(文學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體)：用于正式講演或書(shū)面語(yǔ)，通過(guò)教育得到，與人所處的地域沒(méi)有關(guān)系。e.g.Ihavenone.ColloquialStandard(口語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體)：特權(quán)階層的非正式文體。e.g.Ihaven’tgotany.ProvincialStandard(地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體)：與口語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體接近，取決于出現(xiàn)的地方。e.g.Ihaven’tany.Ihaven’tgotany.PhoneticsandPhonologyExperimentalPhonetics/LaboratoryPhonetics實(shí)驗(yàn)語(yǔ)音學(xué)Phonology音位學(xué)Phoneme---minimalunitsingleprimaryphoneme/segmentalphonemecompoundphonemesecondaryphoneme

MainTheoriesICAnalysisConstituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisforeverylinguisticunit,whichisapartofalargerlinguisticunit.Severalconstituentstogetherforaconstruction.Forexample,

ICAnalysisEndocentricConstruction向心結(jié)構(gòu)ExocentricConstruction離心結(jié)構(gòu)AchievementandinfluenceLeadingthedevelopmentofstructuralistlinguisticsintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930sandthe1940s.InthehistoryofAmericanlinguistics,theseyearsbetween1933-1950iscalled“BloomfieldianAge”.MakingsignificantcontributionstoIndo-Europeanhistoricallinguistics,Sanskritstudyand

thedescriptionofAustronesialanguage,andtheAlg