免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)免疫學(xué)課件

免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)免疫學(xué)課件免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)免疫學(xué)課件1Hy-LineTechnicalServiceSchoolJune2014免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)

VaccinationProgramsandApplicationTechniquesKentonKreager,DVMHy-LineInternational?Hy-LineInternationalHy-LineTechnicalServiceScho后備雞和產(chǎn)蛋雞免疫程序的制定

DesigningVaccinationProgramsforPulletsandLayers后備雞和產(chǎn)蛋雞免疫程序的制定

DesigningVacci基本的注意事項(xiàng)BasicConsiderations預(yù)計(jì)的發(fā)病狀況

Diseaseexposuresexpected馬利克和傳染性法氏囊比較流行Marek’sandInfectiousBursalDisease(IBD)areuniversal支原體和傳喉不同時(shí)發(fā)病Mycoplasmagallisepticum(MG)andLaryngotracheitis(LT)varyinfarmexposure傳染性法氏囊母源抗體水平

Maternalantibodylevels-IBD能拿到的疫苗

Vaccinesavailable能否或習(xí)慣于噴霧或飲水免疫

Ability/preferenceforsprayorwater習(xí)慣全部活疫苗還是滅活疫苗免疫程序Preferenceforall-livevskilledprogram基本的注意事項(xiàng)BasicConsiderations預(yù)4基本原則

BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫程序Earlyvaccinationstimedaccordingtomaternalantibodylevels基本原則

BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫5IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternalAntibodyDeclineand%ResponsetoVaccination應(yīng)答百分比IBD滴度日齡IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternal6IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternalAntibodyDeclineand%ResponsetoVaccination應(yīng)答百分比IBD滴度日齡IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternal7基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫程序Earlyvaccinationstimedaccordingtomaternalantibodylevels逐步增加新城疫和支氣管炎活疫苗的免疫活性GraduallyincreasereactivityofliveNewcastle(ND)/bronchitis(IBV)vaccinations免疫活性受以下影響Reactivityaffectedby毒株（新城疫Lasota比B1活性高）Strain(LaSotaNewcastlemorereactivethanB1)免疫途徑（噴霧比飲水活性強(qiáng)）Route(spraymorereactivethanwater)不要同時(shí)增加兩種免疫活性Don’tincreasereactivityofbothatsametime基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫8基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫程序Earlyvaccinationstimedaccordingtomaternalantibodylevels逐步增加新城疫和支氣管炎活疫苗的免疫活性GraduallyincreasereactivityofliveNewcastle-bronchitisvaccinations兩種不同呼吸道活苗免疫之間間隔2周–傳喉和新支Allowtwoweeksbetweendifferentliverespiratoryvaccinations-LTandNewcastle/Bronchitis(N/B)基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫9基本原則–繼續(xù)BasicRules–continued最后一次活苗基礎(chǔ)免疫和滅活苗注射免疫之間間隔5-6周Allow5-6weeksbetweenlastliveprimerandkilledinjection(?)產(chǎn)蛋舍中使用滅活的新支二聯(lián)疫苗或者活增強(qiáng)疫苗，提供產(chǎn)蛋期保護(hù)UseeitherkilledN/Bvaccineorliveboostersinlayerhousetoextendprotectionthroughlay至少進(jìn)行一次新支二聯(lián)噴霧免疫，刺激自身的呼吸道免疫力UseatleastoneliveN/Bspraytostimulatethelocalrespiratoryimmunity基本原則–繼續(xù)BasicRules–contin10美國(guó)基礎(chǔ)免疫程序BasicU.S.VaccinationProgram日齡Age疫苗Vaccine免疫途徑Route出雛hatchHVT/Rispens鼠傷寒沙門氏菌HerpesVirusTurkey(HVT)/RispensSalmonellatyphimurium(ST)皮下注射Subcutaneous噴霧Spray18-20天18-20daysIBD中等毒株IBDintermediatestrain飲水Water24-26天24-26daysIBD中等毒株IBDintermediatestrain飲水Water30-32天30-32daysIBD中等毒株IBDintermediatestrain飲水Water馬薩諸塞B-1株B-1Massachusetts(Mass)/Connecticut飲水Water6-8周齡6-8weeks新城疫B-1和STB-1Newcastle&ST噴霧Spray阿肯色株支氣管炎Mass-Arkansas(Ark)bronchitis噴霧Spray12-14周齡12-14weeks雞痘Avianencephalomyelitis-FowlPox刺種Wingweb喉氣管炎Laryngotracheitis滴眼Eyedrop沙門氏菌-新城疫-支氣管炎Salmonellaenteriditis(SE)-Newcastle-Bronchitis注射Injection美國(guó)基礎(chǔ)免疫程序BasicU.S.Vaccination11其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccinationconsiderations全部噴霧免疫程序（不適用于IBD）All-sprayprogram(notrecommendedforIBD)支氣管炎-其他血清型或自生型Bronchitis–otherserotypesorautogenousIBD-變體或高致病型，HVT載體疫苗IBD–variantsorhighlypathogenictype,HVTvectoredvaccines活疫苗-第一周飼料或飲水免疫Coccivac–firstweekinfeedorwater霍亂-活苗或滅活苗，2次，6-8周間隔Cholera–liveorkilled,twice,6-8weeksapart呼腸孤-對(duì)蛋雞或蛋種雞一般不需免疫Reovirus–generallynotneededforlayersorlayerbreeders雞痘和鴿痘可用于提供針對(duì)網(wǎng)狀組織內(nèi)皮增生病毒的擴(kuò)展保護(hù)-與多種雞痘關(guān)聯(lián)Fowlandpigeonpoxusedtobroadenprotectionagainstreticuloendotheliosisvirus-associatedvariantpox其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccination12其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccinationsontinued喉氣管炎-傳統(tǒng)的雞胚源或組織培養(yǎng)源活病毒，通過(guò)滴眼、噴霧、飲水或者痘或HVT載體進(jìn)行免疫LT–traditionalchickenembryoorigin(CEO)ortissuecultureorigin(TCO)livevirusbyeyedrop,spray,orwater,orpoxorHVTvectors鼻炎-上籠前菌苗免疫2次Coryza–bacterintwicebeforehousing雞毒支原體-活苗（3種產(chǎn)品）或菌苗MG–live(3products)orbacterin滑囊液支原體–可用菌苗，活苗逐漸可用Mycoplasmasynoviae(MS)–bacterinavailable,livebecomingavailable腸炎沙門氏菌/鼠傷寒沙門氏菌–2-3次活苗免疫，或1-2次菌苗免疫，或兩種結(jié)合SE/ST–live2-3times,or1-2bacterins,orcombo大腸桿菌–Zoetis公司活的基因敲除疫苗，2-3次E.coli–liveZoetisgene-deleted2-3times新城疫/支氣管炎–每6-8周活增強(qiáng)疫苗免疫或上籠前滅活苗免疫N/B–liveboostersevery6-8weeksorkilledvaccinepriortohousing其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccinations13世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConsiderations禽流感AvianInfluenza(AI)在有些國(guó)家（如中國(guó)），采用滅活油苗進(jìn)行H5和H9常規(guī)免疫，育雛育成期免疫2-3次H5andH9routinelyvaccinatedagainstinsomecountries(China)withkilledoil-emulsionvaccines2-3timesingrowingperiod外來(lái)新城疫（內(nèi)臟強(qiáng)毒型或神經(jīng)型）ExoticNewcastle(velogenicviscerotropicorneurotropic)需要全程保持最強(qiáng)免疫力Maximumimmunityneededatalltimes早期開(kāi)始多種強(qiáng)活苗免疫M(jìn)ultiplestronglivevaccines,startingveryearly育雛育成期多種滅活油苗注射免疫

Multiplekilledoil-emulsioninjectionsusedingrow產(chǎn)蛋期每4-6周采用LaSota株噴霧，進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)免疫

BoostwithLaSotasprayevery4-6weeksinlay新基因型的新城疫NewgenotypesofNewcastle未來(lái)會(huì)有新的活苗？Newlivevaccinesinfuture?自生的？Autogenous?世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConside14世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConsiderations減蛋綜合癥EggDropSyndrome(EDS)育雛育成后期或上籠前進(jìn)行一次滅活油苗注射免疫Singlekilledoil-emulsioninjectionlateingroworathousing肺炎病毒（TRT或頭部腫脹綜合癥）Pneumovirus(TRTorswollenheadsyndrome)一種溫和的呼吸道疾病，在蛋雞中問(wèn)題很大 Mildrespiratorydiseaseofquestionablesignificanceinlayers歐洲出現(xiàn)血清型A/B，美國(guó)只有C型（火雞） SerotypesA/BpresentinEurope,onlytypeCinUS(turkeys)育雛育成中期活苗噴霧1-2次Livespray1-2timesinmid-grow(Nemovac)隨后進(jìn)行+/-滅活油苗注射 +/-killedoil-emulsioninjectionlater世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConside15劇毒型IBDVeryvirulentIBD多次活苗免疫 Multipleapplicationsofintermediate-pluslivevaccineZoetisBursaPlus,Merck228EHVT載體IBD（早期免疫力？） VectoredHVT-IBD(earlyenoughimmunity?)支氣管炎變異型Bronchitisvariants以其他類型作為疫苗：4/91,793/B，QX Othertypesusedasvaccines:4/91,793/B,QX使用多種類型的疫苗建立較差保護(hù)，以應(yīng)對(duì)我們尚無(wú)疫苗的變異類型 Generalrulethatuseofmultipletypescreatebettercross-protectionagainstvariantswemaynothaveasvaccines（Massplus4/91足以應(yīng)對(duì)中國(guó)的QX株） (Massplus4/91adequatelycoversChineseQX)世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConsiderations劇毒型IBDVeryvirulentIBD世界性的注16載體疫苗VectoredVaccines攜帶針對(duì)其他疾病的免疫蛋白基因的HVT馬利克疫苗或雞痘病毒（載體） HVTMarek’svaccineorfowlpoxvirus(thevector)thatcarriesgenesforimmunogenicproteinsforotherdiseases作為載體病毒復(fù)制體，可以產(chǎn)生外來(lái)病毒的蛋白，并使免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生拮抗反應(yīng) Asvectorvirusreplicates,producestheseotherforeigndiseaseproteinsthattheimmunesystemreactsagainst獲得“純凈”的IBD或LT免疫力，而不用擔(dān)心活病毒的反應(yīng)、散播或時(shí)效 Get“free”IBDorLTimmunitywithoutconcernaboutlivevirusreaction,shedding,ortiming載體疫苗VectoredVaccines攜帶針對(duì)其他疾病17基因工程載體疫苗

GeneticEngineeringofVectorVaccineHVTIBDVP2HVTVP2VP2IBDrecombinantvector基因工程載體疫苗

GeneticEngineeringo18在美國(guó)可以得到的重組疫苗

RecombinantVaccinesAvailableinU.S.HVT-vectorHVT載體Pox-vector雞痘載體LTMerckInnovax-LTCEVAVectormuneHVT-LTCEVAVectormuneFP-LTMGCEVAVectormuneFP-MGIBDCEVAVectormuneHVT-IBDMerialVaxxitekHVT-IBDAICEVAVectormuneAIH5MerialTrovac-AIVH5NewcastleCEVAVectormuneHVT-NDVMerckInnovax-NDCEVAVectormuneFP-NMerialTrovacPox-NDV在美國(guó)可以得到的重組疫苗

RecombinantVacci19IBD載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesforIBDMerialVaxxitekHVT+IBDCEVAVectormuneHVT-IBD美國(guó)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用效果很好，但對(duì)于有劇毒型IBD的國(guó)家可能不能提供足夠早的保護(hù) USfieldresultsappearmostlygood,butmaybenotearlyenoughprotectionforcountrieswithvvIBD與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活苗相比成本較高 Increasedcostcomparedtostandardlive疫苗便利性和可能更好的保護(hù)力是否值得？ Worthitforconvenienceandpossiblybetterprotection?IBD載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesfor20LT載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesforLTMerckInnovaxHVT-LTCEVAVectormuneFP-LT美國(guó)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用結(jié)果存在變化，可能無(wú)法像標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CEO活苗那樣提供強(qiáng)效的保護(hù)

USfieldresultsarevariable,butprobablynotasstrongprotectionasfromstandardCEOlivevaccine與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活苗相比成本較高

Increasedcostcomparedtostandardlive疫苗的便利性和可能更高的安全性是否值得？

Worthitforconvenienceandpossiblygreatersafety?LT載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesforL21成功使用載體疫苗的關(guān)鍵

KeystoSuccessfulUseofVectorVaccine需要雞只盡可能的與載體病毒反應(yīng)（外來(lái)蛋白）

Wantthebirdstogetasmuchreactionaspossibletothevectorvirus(andforeignproteins)應(yīng)該是在群體中第一次并且僅一次的使用載體病毒

Shouldbethefirstandonlyuseofthevectorvirusintheflock不要將HVT/IBD或HVT/LT載體與其他任何HVT產(chǎn)品混合（常規(guī)的或載體的）

Don’tmixHVT/IBDorHVT/LTvectorwithanyotherHVTproduct(regularorvector)不要使用一日齡雞痘，以后也不要使用雞痘載體

Don’tuseday-oldpoxandthenavectoredpoxlaterinlifeHVT載體需要與SB-1或Rispens株聯(lián)合使用以獲得較好的馬利克保護(hù)力

HVTvectorneedstobecombinedwithSB-1orRispensforgoodMarek’sprotection成功使用載體疫苗的關(guān)鍵

KeystoSuccessful22疫苗的使用技術(shù)VaccineApplicationTechniques疫苗的使用技術(shù)VaccineApplicationTe疫苗類型和應(yīng)用途徑

TypesofVaccinesandApplicationRoutes

活苗或弱毒苗 Liveormodifiedlive群體應(yīng)用Massapplied飲水Drinkingwater噴霧Spray個(gè)體應(yīng)用Individuallyapplied刺種Wingweb滴眼Eyedrop滅活苗 Killedvaccines注射Injection疫苗類型和應(yīng)用途徑

TypesofVaccinesan24活苗的群體應(yīng)用

MassApplicationofLiveVaccines飲水免疫WaterVaccinationIBD,第一次N/B，LT，AE

IBD,initialN/B,LT,AE噴霧免疫SprayVaccination隨后的N/B，MG,LTLaterN/B,MG,LT相對(duì)快速并且便宜Relativelyfastandinexpensive活苗的群體應(yīng)用

MassApplicationofLi25飲水免疫WaterApplication注意事項(xiàng)Considerations:2小時(shí)內(nèi)喝光疫苗Wantvaccineconsumed<2hours需要雞群比較渴Needbirdstobethirsty早晨開(kāi)燈時(shí)免疫Vaccinatewhenlightscomeoninmorning第一小時(shí)喝掉全天30%的飲水Consume30%ofwaterfordayinfirsthour去掉前一天的睡Waterwithdrawalforpartofdaybefore所有雞應(yīng)該得到相同劑量Allbirdsshouldgetequaldose嚴(yán)格計(jì)劃合適的用量Criticaltoplanforpropervolume水線中的剩余水量Residualwatervolumeinthelines使用藍(lán)色染料幫助觀察添加疫苗的飲水Bluedyehelpsseevaccine-treatedwater污染的水線Contaminatedwaterlines合理使用疫苗穩(wěn)定劑Properuseofvaccinestabilizer可能的話保持飲水清涼Keepwatercoolifpossible飲水免疫WaterApplication注意事項(xiàng)Co26噴霧免疫SprayVaccination 用量足夠以保證均勻覆蓋每只雞（每10000劑量1.5加侖或5.5升） Useadequatevolumetouniformlycoverallbirds(1.5galor5.5litersper10,000doses)使用蒸餾水或自來(lái)水中加入穩(wěn)定劑 Usedistilledwaterortapwaterwithstabilizer使用藍(lán)色染料 Usebluedye保持噴霧液體清涼 Keepspraysolutioncool水壓和噴頭類型影響的霧滴大小 Particlesizeaffectedbylinepressureandnozzletype噴霧免疫SprayVaccination 用量足夠以保證27噴霧免疫SprayApplication 大霧滴噴霧CoarseSpray50-200微米50-200microns直噴面部Needtohitdirectlyinface與滴眼或飲水類似Similartoeyedroporwater初次N/B，沙門氏菌，大腸桿菌InitialN/B,salmonella,E.coli小霧滴噴霧FineSpray5-50微米5-50microns5-10微米可吸入5-10micronstrulyrespirable使雞舍充滿霧滴，保持一段時(shí)間讓雞只吸入霧滴Foguphouseandallowtimetobreathein易受空氣流行的影響

Moresusceptibletoairmovement隨后的N/BLaterN/B每只雞得到1/1000的劑量Spraygetsabout1/1000doseinbird不適用與IBD或MGNotadequateforIBDorMG噴霧免疫SprayApplication 大霧滴噴霧28噴霧免疫SprayVaccination低光照強(qiáng)度下噴霧Spraybirdswithlightatlowintensity加大用水量以增加覆蓋度Usemorewatertoimprovecoverage噴霧目標(biāo)是雞的頭部Targetofthesprayistheheadofthebird避免散養(yǎng)雞扎堆Donotallowfloorbirdstopile噴霧過(guò)程中關(guān)掉風(fēng)扇Turnofffansduringsprayvaccination對(duì)于高層雞舍不要在大風(fēng)天噴霧Inhighrisehousesdonotsprayonwindydays噴霧免疫SprayVaccination低光照強(qiáng)度下噴霧29個(gè)體免疫Individually-AdministeredVaccinations刺種-雞痘或禽腦脊髓炎/雞痘 WingWeb–PoxorAE/Pox滴眼-LT,MG EyeDrop–LT,MG注射–ND/IB+/-IBD,MG,SE Injection–ND/IB+/-IBD,MG,orSE個(gè)體免疫Individually-Administered30刺種免疫WingWebVaccination用于雞痘，禽腦脊髓炎-雞痘，雞貧血病，霍亂活苗

Usedforpox,pox-AE,CAV,livecholera通常在6周齡后

Usuallyafter6weeks需要兩人一組

Requirestwo-personteam接種雞痘的唯一辦法

Onlymethodtoadministerpox刺種免疫WingWebVaccination用于雞痘，31刺種免疫WingWebVaccination在適當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)穿刺 well-placedwingwebstick翅網(wǎng)膜中央 centerofwingweb避開(kāi)網(wǎng)膜邊緣的羽毛 avoidsfeathersatwebedge刺種免疫WingWebVaccination在適當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)32刺種免疫WingWebVaccination確保刺種針上有疫苗 Besurethatvaccinehasbeenpickupbystabberreservoir將刺種針穿透皮膚 Pushstabbercompletelythroughthebareskin避開(kāi)羽毛、血管、肌肉和骨骼 Avoidfeathers,bloodvessels,muscleandbone藥瓶數(shù)量與雞數(shù)匹配 Matchnumberofvaccinevialswithnumberofbirds刺種免疫WingWebVaccination確保刺種針33雞痘“效果”P(pán)ox“takes”免疫后5-9天會(huì)有腫脹 Swelling5-9daysaftervaccination刺種點(diǎn)會(huì)有豌豆大小的腫脹 Smallpea-sizedswellingatinjectionsite正確免疫并且雞只作出應(yīng)答的直接證據(jù) Positiveevidencethatthevaccinewasadministeredproperlyandthatthebirdhasresponded雞痘“效果”P(pán)ox“takes”免疫后5-9天會(huì)有腫脹34滴眼免疫EyedropVaccination適用于LT，MG，N/B免疫 UsedforLT,MG,N/Bvaccination一滴一頭份 Onedose/onedrop通常與雞痘或滅活苗注射一起進(jìn)行 Usuallycombinedwithhandlingforpoxand/orkilledinjection觀察舌頭是否變藍(lán) Lookforblueontongue確保疫苗在嚴(yán)重，雞眨眼并且/或者吞咽 Makesureitstaysineyeandbirdblinksand/orswallows滴眼免疫EyedropVaccination適用于LT，35滅活苗注射免疫KilledVaccineInjection肌肉注射-胸肌-腿肌-大腿 Intramuscular-IM–intobreast–leg–thigh容易注射到肌肉中，特別是胸肌Easiertoinjectintoamusclemass,especiallythebreast如果老雞用于生產(chǎn)雞肉，容易造成殘留損傷

Likelytocauseresiduallesionsifoldhensareprocessedformeat皮下注射–頸部-腹股溝 Subcutaneous-SQ–neck–inguinalfold很難正確注射-經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)漏免雞只

Hardertoinjectcorrectly-frequentlyseemissedbirds容易扎到自己

Self-injectionmorelikely使用藍(lán)色或綠色染料-馬利克疫苗染料-500ml瓶中1-2cc Useblueorgreendye–Marek'svaccinedye–1-2ccper500mlbottle.白色羽毛上便于看到顏色（代表漏免雞只）

Easiertoseecoloronwhitefeathers(indicatingmissedbirds使用前將疫苗加熱到38℃以降低機(jī)體組織反應(yīng) Warmvaccineto100For38Cpriortousetoreducetissuereaction

滅活苗注射免疫KilledVaccineInjecti36滅活苗免疫

InactivatedVaccines產(chǎn)蛋前3-4周注射

Injected3to4weekspriortoeggproduction通常是N/B聯(lián)合IBD，MG，或SE

CommonlyN/BwithIBD,MG,orSE油佐劑可以延長(zhǎng)對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的刺激

Oiladjuvantprolongsstimulationofimmunesystem羽毛上的油（帶顏色）表示漏免

Oil(color)onfeathersindicatesamissedbird注射到胸肌上部，龍骨和肩骨之間

Injectonupperbreastbetweenpointofkeelandpointofshoulder?-?inch,20gaugeneedles滅活苗免疫

InactivatedVaccines產(chǎn)蛋前37ND/IB滅活苗注射

InjectionofKilledND/IB與ELISA血液檢測(cè)工作人員討論 EvaluatethecrewwithELISAbloodwork注射后等3-4周或更久 Wait3-4weeksormoreafterinjection新城疫ELISA滴度：

NDELISAtiters:免疫應(yīng)答比支氣管炎快速且強(qiáng)烈Respondsquickerandhigherthanbronchitis在圖的右側(cè)明顯分組Shouldbetightlygroupedhighontherightsideofthegraph“漏免”在左側(cè)，滴度明顯很低“Misses”areobviouslylowerontheleftside免疫的和漏免的雞區(qū)別明顯Moreobviouslydistinguisheshitandmissedbirds支氣管炎ELISA滴度：IBELISAtiters:圍繞在圖的中間分組Shouldbegroupedaroundthemiddleofthegraph“漏免”不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，但與新城疫相關(guān)聯(lián)“Misses”lessobvious,butshouldcorrelatetoNewcastleND/IB滅活苗注射InjectionofKille38ELISA滴度-正常滅活苗免疫應(yīng)答

ELISAtiters–normalkilledresponseELISA滴度-正常滅活苗免疫應(yīng)答

ELISAtiters39較差的滅活苗滴度均勻度

Poorkilledtiteruniformity較差的滅活苗滴度均勻度

Poorkilledtiter40免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)免疫學(xué)課件免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)免疫學(xué)課件41Hy-LineTechnicalServiceSchoolJune2014免疫程序和應(yīng)用技術(shù)

VaccinationProgramsandApplicationTechniquesKentonKreager,DVMHy-LineInternational?Hy-LineInternationalHy-LineTechnicalServiceScho后備雞和產(chǎn)蛋雞免疫程序的制定

DesigningVaccinationProgramsforPulletsandLayers后備雞和產(chǎn)蛋雞免疫程序的制定

DesigningVacci基本的注意事項(xiàng)BasicConsiderations預(yù)計(jì)的發(fā)病狀況

Diseaseexposuresexpected馬利克和傳染性法氏囊比較流行Marek’sandInfectiousBursalDisease(IBD)areuniversal支原體和傳喉不同時(shí)發(fā)病Mycoplasmagallisepticum(MG)andLaryngotracheitis(LT)varyinfarmexposure傳染性法氏囊母源抗體水平

Maternalantibodylevels-IBD能拿到的疫苗

Vaccinesavailable能否或習(xí)慣于噴霧或飲水免疫

Ability/preferenceforsprayorwater習(xí)慣全部活疫苗還是滅活疫苗免疫程序Preferenceforall-livevskilledprogram基本的注意事項(xiàng)BasicConsiderations預(yù)44基本原則

BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫程序Earlyvaccinationstimedaccordingtomaternalantibodylevels基本原則

BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫45IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternalAntibodyDeclineand%ResponsetoVaccination應(yīng)答百分比IBD滴度日齡IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternal46IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternalAntibodyDeclineand%ResponsetoVaccination應(yīng)答百分比IBD滴度日齡IBD母源抗體衰減和免疫應(yīng)答百分比

IBDMaternal47基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫程序Earlyvaccinationstimedaccordingtomaternalantibodylevels逐步增加新城疫和支氣管炎活疫苗的免疫活性GraduallyincreasereactivityofliveNewcastle(ND)/bronchitis(IBV)vaccinations免疫活性受以下影響Reactivityaffectedby毒株（新城疫Lasota比B1活性高）Strain(LaSotaNewcastlemorereactivethanB1)免疫途徑（噴霧比飲水活性強(qiáng)）Route(spraymorereactivethanwater)不要同時(shí)增加兩種免疫活性Don’tincreasereactivityofbothatsametime基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫48基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫程序Earlyvaccinationstimedaccordingtomaternalantibodylevels逐步增加新城疫和支氣管炎活疫苗的免疫活性GraduallyincreasereactivityofliveNewcastle-bronchitisvaccinations兩種不同呼吸道活苗免疫之間間隔2周–傳喉和新支Allowtwoweeksbetweendifferentliverespiratoryvaccinations-LTandNewcastle/Bronchitis(N/B)基本原則BasicRules根據(jù)母源抗體水平制定早期免疫49基本原則–繼續(xù)BasicRules–continued最后一次活苗基礎(chǔ)免疫和滅活苗注射免疫之間間隔5-6周Allow5-6weeksbetweenlastliveprimerandkilledinjection(?)產(chǎn)蛋舍中使用滅活的新支二聯(lián)疫苗或者活增強(qiáng)疫苗，提供產(chǎn)蛋期保護(hù)UseeitherkilledN/Bvaccineorliveboostersinlayerhousetoextendprotectionthroughlay至少進(jìn)行一次新支二聯(lián)噴霧免疫，刺激自身的呼吸道免疫力UseatleastoneliveN/Bspraytostimulatethelocalrespiratoryimmunity基本原則–繼續(xù)BasicRules–contin50美國(guó)基礎(chǔ)免疫程序BasicU.S.VaccinationProgram日齡Age疫苗Vaccine免疫途徑Route出雛hatchHVT/Rispens鼠傷寒沙門氏菌HerpesVirusTurkey(HVT)/RispensSalmonellatyphimurium(ST)皮下注射Subcutaneous噴霧Spray18-20天18-20daysIBD中等毒株IBDintermediatestrain飲水Water24-26天24-26daysIBD中等毒株IBDintermediatestrain飲水Water30-32天30-32daysIBD中等毒株IBDintermediatestrain飲水Water馬薩諸塞B-1株B-1Massachusetts(Mass)/Connecticut飲水Water6-8周齡6-8weeks新城疫B-1和STB-1Newcastle&ST噴霧Spray阿肯色株支氣管炎Mass-Arkansas(Ark)bronchitis噴霧Spray12-14周齡12-14weeks雞痘Avianencephalomyelitis-FowlPox刺種Wingweb喉氣管炎Laryngotracheitis滴眼Eyedrop沙門氏菌-新城疫-支氣管炎Salmonellaenteriditis(SE)-Newcastle-Bronchitis注射Injection美國(guó)基礎(chǔ)免疫程序BasicU.S.Vaccination51其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccinationconsiderations全部噴霧免疫程序（不適用于IBD）All-sprayprogram(notrecommendedforIBD)支氣管炎-其他血清型或自生型Bronchitis–otherserotypesorautogenousIBD-變體或高致病型，HVT載體疫苗IBD–variantsorhighlypathogenictype,HVTvectoredvaccines活疫苗-第一周飼料或飲水免疫Coccivac–firstweekinfeedorwater霍亂-活苗或滅活苗，2次，6-8周間隔Cholera–liveorkilled,twice,6-8weeksapart呼腸孤-對(duì)蛋雞或蛋種雞一般不需免疫Reovirus–generallynotneededforlayersorlayerbreeders雞痘和鴿痘可用于提供針對(duì)網(wǎng)狀組織內(nèi)皮增生病毒的擴(kuò)展保護(hù)-與多種雞痘關(guān)聯(lián)Fowlandpigeonpoxusedtobroadenprotectionagainstreticuloendotheliosisvirus-associatedvariantpox其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccination52其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccinationsontinued喉氣管炎-傳統(tǒng)的雞胚源或組織培養(yǎng)源活病毒，通過(guò)滴眼、噴霧、飲水或者痘或HVT載體進(jìn)行免疫LT–traditionalchickenembryoorigin(CEO)ortissuecultureorigin(TCO)livevirusbyeyedrop,spray,orwater,orpoxorHVTvectors鼻炎-上籠前菌苗免疫2次Coryza–bacterintwicebeforehousing雞毒支原體-活苗（3種產(chǎn)品）或菌苗MG–live(3products)orbacterin滑囊液支原體–可用菌苗，活苗逐漸可用Mycoplasmasynoviae(MS)–bacterinavailable,livebecomingavailable腸炎沙門氏菌/鼠傷寒沙門氏菌–2-3次活苗免疫，或1-2次菌苗免疫，或兩種結(jié)合SE/ST–live2-3times,or1-2bacterins,orcombo大腸桿菌–Zoetis公司活的基因敲除疫苗，2-3次E.coli–liveZoetisgene-deleted2-3times新城疫/支氣管炎–每6-8周活增強(qiáng)疫苗免疫或上籠前滅活苗免疫N/B–liveboostersevery6-8weeksorkilledvaccinepriortohousing其他免疫注意事項(xiàng)

Optionalvaccinations53世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConsiderations禽流感AvianInfluenza(AI)在有些國(guó)家（如中國(guó)），采用滅活油苗進(jìn)行H5和H9常規(guī)免疫，育雛育成期免疫2-3次H5andH9routinelyvaccinatedagainstinsomecountries(China)withkilledoil-emulsionvaccines2-3timesingrowingperiod外來(lái)新城疫（內(nèi)臟強(qiáng)毒型或神經(jīng)型）ExoticNewcastle(velogenicviscerotropicorneurotropic)需要全程保持最強(qiáng)免疫力Maximumimmunityneededatalltimes早期開(kāi)始多種強(qiáng)活苗免疫M(jìn)ultiplestronglivevaccines,startingveryearly育雛育成期多種滅活油苗注射免疫

Multiplekilledoil-emulsioninjectionsusedingrow產(chǎn)蛋期每4-6周采用LaSota株噴霧，進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)免疫

BoostwithLaSotasprayevery4-6weeksinlay新基因型的新城疫NewgenotypesofNewcastle未來(lái)會(huì)有新的活苗？Newlivevaccinesinfuture?自生的？Autogenous?世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConside54世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConsiderations減蛋綜合癥EggDropSyndrome(EDS)育雛育成后期或上籠前進(jìn)行一次滅活油苗注射免疫Singlekilledoil-emulsioninjectionlateingroworathousing肺炎病毒（TRT或頭部腫脹綜合癥）Pneumovirus(TRTorswollenheadsyndrome)一種溫和的呼吸道疾病，在蛋雞中問(wèn)題很大 Mildrespiratorydiseaseofquestionablesignificanceinlayers歐洲出現(xiàn)血清型A/B，美國(guó)只有C型（火雞） SerotypesA/BpresentinEurope,onlytypeCinUS(turkeys)育雛育成中期活苗噴霧1-2次Livespray1-2timesinmid-grow(Nemovac)隨后進(jìn)行+/-滅活油苗注射 +/-killedoil-emulsioninjectionlater世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConside55劇毒型IBDVeryvirulentIBD多次活苗免疫 Multipleapplicationsofintermediate-pluslivevaccineZoetisBursaPlus,Merck228EHVT載體IBD（早期免疫力？） VectoredHVT-IBD(earlyenoughimmunity?)支氣管炎變異型Bronchitisvariants以其他類型作為疫苗：4/91,793/B，QX Othertypesusedasvaccines:4/91,793/B,QX使用多種類型的疫苗建立較差保護(hù)，以應(yīng)對(duì)我們尚無(wú)疫苗的變異類型 Generalrulethatuseofmultipletypescreatebettercross-protectionagainstvariantswemaynothaveasvaccines（Massplus4/91足以應(yīng)對(duì)中國(guó)的QX株） (Massplus4/91adequatelycoversChineseQX)世界性的注意事項(xiàng)InternationalConsiderations劇毒型IBDVeryvirulentIBD世界性的注56載體疫苗VectoredVaccines攜帶針對(duì)其他疾病的免疫蛋白基因的HVT馬利克疫苗或雞痘病毒（載體） HVTMarek’svaccineorfowlpoxvirus(thevector)thatcarriesgenesforimmunogenicproteinsforotherdiseases作為載體病毒復(fù)制體，可以產(chǎn)生外來(lái)病毒的蛋白，并使免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生拮抗反應(yīng) Asvectorvirusreplicates,producestheseotherforeigndiseaseproteinsthattheimmunesystemreactsagainst獲得“純凈”的IBD或LT免疫力，而不用擔(dān)心活病毒的反應(yīng)、散播或時(shí)效 Get“free”IBDorLTimmunitywithoutconcernaboutlivevirusreaction,shedding,ortiming載體疫苗VectoredVaccines攜帶針對(duì)其他疾病57基因工程載體疫苗

GeneticEngineeringofVectorVaccineHVTIBDVP2HVTVP2VP2IBDrecombinantvector基因工程載體疫苗

GeneticEngineeringo58在美國(guó)可以得到的重組疫苗

RecombinantVaccinesAvailableinU.S.HVT-vectorHVT載體Pox-vector雞痘載體LTMerckInnovax-LTCEVAVectormuneHVT-LTCEVAVectormuneFP-LTMGCEVAVectormuneFP-MGIBDCEVAVectormuneHVT-IBDMerialVaxxitekHVT-IBDAICEVAVectormuneAIH5MerialTrovac-AIVH5NewcastleCEVAVectormuneHVT-NDVMerckInnovax-NDCEVAVectormuneFP-NMerialTrovacPox-NDV在美國(guó)可以得到的重組疫苗

RecombinantVacci59IBD載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesforIBDMerialVaxxitekHVT+IBDCEVAVectormuneHVT-IBD美國(guó)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用效果很好，但對(duì)于有劇毒型IBD的國(guó)家可能不能提供足夠早的保護(hù) USfieldresultsappearmostlygood,butmaybenotearlyenoughprotectionforcountrieswithvvIBD與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活苗相比成本較高 Increasedcostcomparedtostandardlive疫苗便利性和可能更好的保護(hù)力是否值得？ Worthitforconvenienceandpossiblybetterprotection?IBD載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesfor60LT載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesforLTMerckInnovaxHVT-LTCEVAVectormuneFP-LT美國(guó)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用結(jié)果存在變化，可能無(wú)法像標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CEO活苗那樣提供強(qiáng)效的保護(hù)

USfieldresultsarevariable,butprobablynotasstrongprotectionasfromstandardCEOlivevaccine與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活苗相比成本較高

Increasedcostcomparedtostandardlive疫苗的便利性和可能更高的安全性是否值得？

Worthitforconvenienceandpossiblygreatersafety?LT載體疫苗VectoredVaccinesforL61成功使用載體疫苗的關(guān)鍵

KeystoSuccessfulUseofVectorVaccine需要雞只盡可能的與載體病毒反應(yīng)（外來(lái)蛋白）

Wantthebirdstogetasmuchreactionaspossibletothevectorvirus(andforeignproteins)應(yīng)該是在群體中第一次并且僅一次的使用載體病毒

Shouldbethefirstandonlyuseofthevectorvirusintheflock不要將HVT/IBD或HVT/LT載體與其他任何HVT產(chǎn)品混合（常規(guī)的或載體的）

Don’tmixHVT/IBDorHVT/LTvectorwithanyotherHVTproduct(regularorvector)不要使用一日齡雞痘，以后也不要使用雞痘載體

Don’tuseday-oldpoxandthenavectoredpoxlaterinlifeHVT載體需要與SB-1或Rispens株聯(lián)合使用以獲得較好的馬利克保護(hù)力

HVTvectorneedstobecombinedwithSB-1orRispensforgoodMarek’sprotection成功使用載體疫苗的關(guān)鍵

KeystoSuccessful62疫苗的使用技術(shù)VaccineApplicationTechniques疫苗的使用技術(shù)VaccineApplicationTe疫苗類型和應(yīng)用途徑

TypesofVaccinesandApplicationRoutes

活苗或弱毒苗 Liveormodifiedlive群體應(yīng)用Massapplied飲水Drinkingwater噴霧Spray個(gè)體應(yīng)用Individuallyapplied刺種Wingweb滴眼Eyedrop滅活苗 Killedvaccines注射Injection疫苗類型和應(yīng)用途徑

TypesofVaccinesan64活苗的群體應(yīng)用

MassApplicationofLiveVaccines飲水免疫WaterVaccinationIBD,第一次N/B，LT，AE

IBD,initialN/B,LT,AE噴霧免疫SprayVaccination隨后的N/B，MG,LTLaterN/B,MG,LT相對(duì)快速并且便宜Relativelyfastandinexpensive活苗的群體應(yīng)用

MassApplicationofLi65飲水免疫WaterApplication注意事項(xiàng)Considerations:2小時(shí)內(nèi)喝光疫苗Wantvaccineconsumed<2hours需要雞群比較渴Needbirdstobethirsty早晨開(kāi)燈時(shí)免疫Vaccinatewhenlightscomeoninmorning第一小時(shí)喝掉全天30%的飲水Consume30%ofwaterfordayinfirsthour去掉前一天的睡Waterwithdrawalforpartofdaybefore所有雞應(yīng)該得到相同劑量Allbirdsshouldgetequaldose嚴(yán)格計(jì)劃合適的用量Criticaltoplanforpropervolume水線中的剩余水量Residualwatervolumeinthelines使用藍(lán)色染料幫助觀察添加疫苗的飲水Bluedyehelpsseevaccine-treatedwater污染的水線Contaminatedwaterlines合理使用疫苗穩(wěn)定劑Properuseofvaccinestabilizer可能的話保持飲水清涼Keepwatercoolifpossible飲水免疫WaterApplication注意事項(xiàng)Co66噴霧免疫SprayVaccination 用量足夠以保證均勻覆蓋每只雞（每10000劑量1.5加侖或5.5升） Useadequatevolumetouniformlycoverallbirds(1.5galor5.5litersper10,000doses)使用蒸餾水或自來(lái)水中加入穩(wěn)定劑 Usedistilledwaterortapwaterwithstabilizer使用藍(lán)色染料 Usebluedye保持噴霧液體清涼 Keepspraysolutioncool水壓和噴頭類型影響的霧滴大小 Particlesizeaffectedbylinepressureandnozzletype噴霧免疫SprayVaccination 用量足夠以保證67噴霧免疫SprayApplication 大霧滴噴霧CoarseSpray50-200微米50-200microns直噴面部Needtohitdirectlyinface與滴眼或飲水類似Similartoeyedroporwater初次N/B，沙門氏菌，大腸桿菌InitialN/B,salmonella,E.coli小霧滴噴霧FineSpray5-50微米5-50microns5-10微米可吸入5-10micronstrulyrespirable使雞舍充滿霧滴，保持一段時(shí)間讓雞只吸入霧滴Foguphouseandallowtimetobreathein易受空氣流行的影響

Moresusceptibletoairmovement隨后的N/BLaterN/B每只雞得到1/1000的劑量Spraygetsabout1/1000doseinbird不適用與IBD或MGNotadequateforIBDorMG噴霧免疫SprayApplication 大霧滴噴霧68噴霧免疫SprayVaccination低光照強(qiáng)度下噴霧Spraybirdswithlightatlowintensity加大用水量以增加覆蓋度Usemorewatertoimprovecoverage噴霧目標(biāo)是雞的頭部Targetofthesprayistheheadofthebird避免散養(yǎng)雞扎堆Donotallowfloorbirdstopile噴霧過(guò)程中關(guān)掉風(fēng)扇Turnofffansduringsprayvaccination對(duì)于高層雞舍不要在大風(fēng)天噴霧Inhighrisehousesdonotsprayonwindydays噴霧免疫SprayVaccination低光照強(qiáng)度下噴霧69個(gè)體免疫Individually-AdministeredVaccinations刺種-雞痘或禽腦脊髓炎/雞痘 WingW